Muscle Glycogen Stores and Capacity for Anaerobic Work

1975 ◽  
pp. 127-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Klausen ◽  
K. Piehl ◽  
B. Saltin
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Anaerobic Work ◽  
Glycogen Stores

scholarly journals Reposición del Glucógeno Muscular en la Recuperación del Deportista

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Mata-Ordoñez ◽  
M. Grimaldi-Puyana ◽  
A. J. Sánchez-Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Carbohydrate Consumption ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Intense Training ◽  
Post Exercise Recovery ◽  
Glycogen Stores

Las estrategias nutricionales durante la fase de recuperación del deportista son fundamentales. Uno de los principales objetivos de la recuperación es la reposición del glucógeno muscular. Este aspecto se hace más importante cuando los deportistas se enfrentan a entrenamientos intensos o eventos competitivos con cortos periodos de recuperación. Además, la manipulación deliberada de su disponibilidad puede mejorar las adaptaciones moleculares al entrenamiento. La presente revisión tiene por objetivo informar sobre los aspectos fisiológicos básicos de esta situación, así como conocer el momento del consumo, la cantidad, el tipo y la interacción de diferentes nutrientes con los hidratos de carbono, para poder maximizar o jugar con la reposición del mismo en función de las necesidades y/o las estrategias planteadas. El glucógeno ya no debe ser visto como un simple almacén de energía sino como una molécula que puede desencadenar numerosos procesos celulares importantes para el deportista. Nutritional interventions play a fundamental role during the post-exercise recovery phase. One of the main goals of recovery is restoring muscle glycogen stores. This becomes more important when athletes are subjected to intense training or competition with short recovery periods be-tween bouts. Furthermore, manipulating muscle glycogen availability can improve molecular adaptations to training. The objective of this review is thus to present the basic physiological aspects of this phenomenon, and to discuss carbohydrate consumption, timing, type, and amount, as well as its interaction with different nutrients, in order to maximize or play with the restoration of muscle glycogen depending on the needs and/or the strategies proposed. Glyco-gen should no longer be seen as a simple form of energy storage, but as a molecule that can trigger numerous cellular processes important for athletic performance.

Muscle glycogen recovery after exercise during glucose and fructose intake monitored by13C-NMR

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1495-1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrianus J. Van Den Bergh ◽  
Sibrand Houtman ◽  
Arend Heerschap ◽  
Nancy J. Rehrer ◽  
Hendrikus J. Van Den Boogert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Glycogen Concentration ◽  
Fructose Intake ◽  
Glycogen Stores ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
C Nmr

Van Den Bergh, Adrianus J., Sibrand Houtman, Arend Heerschap, Nancy J. Rehrer, Hendrikus J. Van Den Boogert, Berend Oeseburg, and Maria T. E. Hopman. Muscle glycogen recovery after exercise during glucose and fructose intake monitored by13C-NMR. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(4): 1495–1500, 1996.—The purpose of this study was to examine muscle glycogen recovery with glucose feeding (GF) compared with fructose feeding (FF) during the first 8 h after partial glycogen depletion by using13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) on a clinical 1.5-T NMR system. After measurement of the glycogen concentration of the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle in seven male subjects, glycogen stores of the VL were depleted by bicycle exercise. During 8 h after completion of exercise, subjects were orally given either GF or FF while the glycogen content of the VL was monitored by13C-NMR spectroscopy every second hour. The muscular glycogen concentration was expressed as a percentage of the glycogen concentration measured before exercise. The glycogen recovery rate during GF (4.2 ± 0.2%/h) was significantly higher ( P < 0.05) compared with values during FF (2.2 ± 0.3%/h). This study shows that 1) muscle glycogen levels are perceptible by 13C-NMR spectroscopy at 1.5 T and 2) the glycogen restoration rate is higher after GF compared with after FF.

Glucose turnover in 48-hour-fasted running rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (3) ◽  
pp. R587-R593 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sonne ◽  
K. J. Mikines ◽  
H. Galbo
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Feedback Mechanisms ◽  
Glycogen Stores ◽  
Resting Muscle ◽  
Fasted Rats

In fed rats, hyperglycemia develops during exercise. This contrasts with the view based on studies of fasted human and dog that euglycemia is maintained in exercise and glucose production (Ra) controlled by feedback mechanisms. Forty-eight-hour-fasted rats (F) were compared to fed rats (C) and overnight food-restricted (FR) rats. [3-3H]- and [U-14C] glucose were infused and blood and tissue sampled. During running (21 m/min, 0% grade) Ra increased most in C and least in F and only in F did Ra not significantly exceed glucose disappearance. Plasma glucose increased more in C (3.3 mmol/l) than in FR (1.6 mmol/l) and only modestly (0.6 mmol/l) and transiently in F. Resting liver glycogen and exercise glycogenolysis were highest in C and similar in FR and F. Resting muscle glycogen and exercise glycogenolysis were highest in C and lowest in F. During running, lactate production and gluconeogenesis were higher in FR than in F. At least in rats, responses of production and plasma concentration of glucose to exercise depend on size of liver and muscle glycogen stores; glucose production matches increase in clearance better in fasted than in fed states. Probably glucose production is stimulated by “feedforward” mechanisms and “feedback” mechanisms are added if plasma glucose decreases.

Effects of Acute Exposure to Bleached Kraft Pulpmill Effluent on Carbohydrate Metabolism of Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) During Rest and Exercise

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 753-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. McLeay ◽  
D. A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Plasma Lactate ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Glycogen Stores

In the static study (no exercise), liver glycogen stores were unchanged during 12-h exposure to 0.8 of the 96-h LC50; longer exposures caused a progressive decrease to levels one fifth those of controls at 72 h. Plasma glucose levels in fish held in 0.8 LC50 effluent for 3–96 h were elevated; at 96 h, glucose had increased threefold. Mean values for plasma lactate were elevated significantly at 3, 6, 24, 72, and 96 h.In the exercise (swimming one body length per second)–rest study, muscle glycogen levels decreased 53–78% during exercise in water or effluent (0.7 LC50) for 4–12 h, and did not recover during 12-h rest in water. Muscle glycogen for fish exercised for 12 h in effluent and then rested for 4 or 12 h in effluent was lower compared to values for fish exercised in effluent and then rested in water. There was no difference in liver glycogen levels offish exercised in effluent or water for 4–12 h. Values of liver glycogen for fish exercised in effluent for 12 h and then rested for 4, 8, or 12 h in effluent decreased 60–70% compared to fish exercised in water for 12 h and then rested in water and by 55–65% from fish exercised in effluent for 12 h and rested in water for 4–12 h. Plasma glucose levels were elevated one- to fourfold during exercise in water or effluent. Fish resting in water for 4, 8, or 12 h following exercise in water had relatively stable glucose levels; whereas for fish exercised and then rested in effluent the glucose levels increased twofold during resting. Plasma lactate levels were elevated five- to sixfold during exercise in water or effluent for 4–12 h, declining to values 1–2 times those of stock fish within 4-h rest. Plasma lactate levels for fish exercised in effluent and then rested in effluent or water were continually higher than those for fish exercised and rested in water.It was concluded that measurement of carbohydrate metabolites, particularly blood sugar levels, in unexercised fish could prove useful as a rapid method for measuring toxicity of pulpmill effluents and other pollutants.

scholarly journals Glucose-induced insulin resistance of skeletal-muscle glucose transport and uptake

1988 ◽  
Vol 252 (3) ◽  
pp. 733-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
E A Richter ◽  
B F Hansen ◽  
S A Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Insulin Stimulation ◽  
Initial Values ◽  
Muscle Glucose Transport ◽  
Glycogen Stores ◽  
Effect Of Glucose

The ability of glucose and insulin to modify insulin-stimulated glucose transport and uptake was investigated in perfused skeletal muscle. Here we report that perfusion of isolated rat hindlimbs for 5 h with 12 mM-glucose and 20,000 microunits of insulin/ml leads to marked, rapidly developing, impairment of insulin action on muscle glucose transport and uptake. Thus maximal insulin-stimulated glucose uptake at 12 mM-glucose decreased from 34.8 +/- 1.9 to 11.5 +/- 1.1 mumol/h per g (mean +/- S.E.M., n = 10) during 5 h perfusion. This decrease in glucose uptake was accompanied by a similar change in muscle glucose transport as measured by uptake of 3-O-[14C]-methylglucose. Simultaneously, muscle glycogen stores increased to 2-3.5 times initial values, depending on fibre type. Perfusion for 5 h in the presence of glucose but in the absence of insulin decreased subsequent insulin action on glucose uptake by 80% of the effect of glucose with insulin, but without an increase in muscle glycogen concentration. Perfusion for 5 h with insulin but without glucose, and with subsequent addition of glucose back to the perfusate, revealed glucose uptake and transport similar to initial values obtained in the presence of glucose and insulin. The data indicate that exposure to a moderately increased glucose concentration (12 mM) leads to rapidly developing resistance of skeletal-muscle glucose transport and uptake to maximal insulin stimulation. The effect of glucose is enhanced by simultaneous insulin exposure, whereas exposure for 5 h to insulin itself does not cause measurable resistance to maximal insulin stimulation.

Failure of Repeated Carbohydrate Loading to Supercompensate Muscle Glycogen Stores

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S20
Author(s):  
Patrick McInerney ◽  
Sonia L. Lo Giudice ◽  
Sarah J. Lessard ◽  
Vernon G. Coffey ◽  
Robert J. Southgate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Carbohydrate Loading ◽  
Glycogen Stores

Dietary Strategies to Promote Glycogen Synthesis After Exercise

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. S236-S245 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Ivy
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Muscle Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Added Benefit ◽  
Glycogen Stores ◽  
Dietary Strategies ◽  
Carbohydrate Supplement

Muscle glycogen is an essential fuel for prolonged intense exercise, and therefore it is important that the glycogen stores be copious for competition and strenuous training regimens. While early research focused on means of increasing the muscle glycogen stores in preparation for competition and its day-to-day replenishment, recent research has focused on the most effective means of promoting its replenishment during the early hours of recovery. It has been observed that muscle glycogen synthesis is twice as rapid if carbohydrate is consumed immediately after exercise as opposed to waiting several hours, and that a rapid rate of synthesis can be maintained if carbohydrate is consumed on a regular basis. For example, supplementing at 30-min intervals at a rate of 1.2 to 1.5 g CHO kg-1 body wt h-1 appears to maximize synthesis for a period of 4- to 5-h post exercise. If a lighter carbohydrate supplement is desired, however, glycogen synthesis can be enhanced with the addition of protein and certain amino acids. Furthermore, the combination of carbohydrate and protein has the added benefit of stimulating amino acid transport, protein synthesis and muscle tissue repair. Research suggests that aerobic peiformance following recovery is related to the degree of muscle glycogen replenishment.

Muscle glycogen storage after different amounts of carbohydrate ingestion

1988 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 2018-2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Ivy ◽  
M. C. Lee ◽  
J. T. Brozinick ◽  
M. J. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Glucose Polymer ◽  
Glycogen Stores ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the rate of muscle glycogen storage could be enhanced during the initial 4-h period postexercise by substantially increasing the amount of the carbohydrate consumed. Eight subjects cycled for 2 h on three separate occasions to deplete their muscle glycogen stores. Immediately and 2 h after exercise they consumed either 0 (P), 1.5 (L), or 3.0 g glucose/kg body wt (H) from a 50% glucose polymer solution. Blood samples were drawn from an antecubital vein before exercise, during exercise, and throughout recovery. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis immediately, 2 h, and 4 h after exercise. Blood glucose and insulin declined significantly during exercise in each of the three treatments. They remained below the preexercise concentrations during recovery in the P treatment but increased significantly above the preexercise concentrations during the L and H treatments. By the end of the 4 h-recovery period, blood glucose and insulin were still significantly above the preexercise concentrations in both treatments. Muscle glycogen storage was significantly increased above the basal rate (P, 0.5 mumol.g wet wt-1.h-1) after ingestion of either glucose polymer supplement. The rates of muscle glycogen storage, however, were not different between the L and H treatments during the first 2 h (L, 5.2 +/- 0.9 vs. H, 5.8 +/- 0.7 mumol.g wet wt-1.h-1) or the second 2 h of recovery (L, 4.0 +/- 0.9 vs. H, 4.5 +/- 0.6 mumol.g wet wt-1. h-1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Early postexercise muscle glycogen recovery is enhanced with a carbohydrate-protein supplement

2002 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 1337-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Ivy ◽  
Harold W. Goforth ◽  
Bruce M. Damon ◽  
Thomas R. McCauley ◽  
Edward C. Parsons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Ordered Design ◽  
Glycogen Stores ◽  
Insulin Responses ◽  
Carbohydrate Supplement

In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that a carbohydrate-protein (CHO-Pro) supplement would be more effective in the replenishment of muscle glycogen after exercise compared with a carbohydrate supplement of equal carbohydrate content (LCHO) or caloric equivalency (HCHO). After 2.5 ± 0.1 h of intense cycling to deplete the muscle glycogen stores, subjects ( n = 7) received, using a rank-ordered design, a CHO-Pro (80 g CHO, 28 g Pro, 6 g fat), LCHO (80 g CHO, 6 g fat), or HCHO (108 g CHO, 6 g fat) supplement immediately after exercise (10 min) and 2 h postexercise. Before exercise and during 4 h of recovery, muscle glycogen of the vastus lateralis was determined periodically by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Exercise significantly reduced the muscle glycogen stores (final concentrations: 40.9 ± 5.9 mmol/l CHO-Pro, 41.9 ± 5.7 mmol/l HCHO, 40.7 ± 5.0 mmol/l LCHO). After 240 min of recovery, muscle glycogen was significantly greater for the CHO-Pro treatment (88.8 ± 4.4 mmol/l) when compared with the LCHO (70.0 ± 4.0 mmol/l; P = 0.004) and HCHO (75.5 ± 2.8 mmol/l; P = 0.013) treatments. Glycogen storage did not differ significantly between the LCHO and HCHO treatments. There were no significant differences in the plasma insulin responses among treatments, although plasma glucose was significantly lower during the CHO-Pro treatment. These results suggest that a CHO-Pro supplement is more effective for the rapid replenishment of muscle glycogen after exercise than a CHO supplement of equal CHO or caloric content.

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