Muscle glycogen recovery after exercise during glucose and fructose intake monitored by13C-NMR

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1495-1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrianus J. Van Den Bergh ◽  
Sibrand Houtman ◽  
Arend Heerschap ◽  
Nancy J. Rehrer ◽  
Hendrikus J. Van Den Boogert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Glycogen Concentration ◽  
Fructose Intake ◽  
Glycogen Stores ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
C Nmr

Van Den Bergh, Adrianus J., Sibrand Houtman, Arend Heerschap, Nancy J. Rehrer, Hendrikus J. Van Den Boogert, Berend Oeseburg, and Maria T. E. Hopman. Muscle glycogen recovery after exercise during glucose and fructose intake monitored by13C-NMR. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(4): 1495–1500, 1996.—The purpose of this study was to examine muscle glycogen recovery with glucose feeding (GF) compared with fructose feeding (FF) during the first 8 h after partial glycogen depletion by using13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) on a clinical 1.5-T NMR system. After measurement of the glycogen concentration of the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle in seven male subjects, glycogen stores of the VL were depleted by bicycle exercise. During 8 h after completion of exercise, subjects were orally given either GF or FF while the glycogen content of the VL was monitored by13C-NMR spectroscopy every second hour. The muscular glycogen concentration was expressed as a percentage of the glycogen concentration measured before exercise. The glycogen recovery rate during GF (4.2 ± 0.2%/h) was significantly higher ( P < 0.05) compared with values during FF (2.2 ± 0.3%/h). This study shows that 1) muscle glycogen levels are perceptible by 13C-NMR spectroscopy at 1.5 T and 2) the glycogen restoration rate is higher after GF compared with after FF.

scholarly journals Initiating aerobic exercise with low glycogen content reduces markers of myogenesis but not mTORC1 signaling

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee M. Margolis ◽  
Marques A. Wilson ◽  
Claire C. Whitney ◽  
Christopher T. Carrigan ◽  
Nancy E. Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Cycle Ergometry ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Muscle Recovery ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Mtorc1 Signaling

Abstract Background The effects of low muscle glycogen on molecular markers of protein synthesis and myogenesis before and during aerobic exercise with carbohydrate ingestion is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of initiating aerobic exercise with low muscle glycogen on mTORC1 signaling and markers of myogenesis. Methods Eleven men completed two cycle ergometry glycogen depletion trials separated by 7-d, followed by randomized isocaloric refeeding for 24-h to elicit low (LOW; 1.5 g/kg carbohydrate, 3.0 g/kg fat) or adequate (AD; 6.0 g/kg carbohydrate, 1.0 g/kg fat) glycogen. Participants then performed 80-min of cycle ergometry (64 ± 3% VO2peak) while ingesting 146 g carbohydrate. mTORC1 signaling (Western blotting) and gene transcription (RT-qPCR) were determined from vastus lateralis biopsies before glycogen depletion (baseline, BASE), and before (PRE) and after (POST) exercise. Results Regardless of treatment, p-mTORC1Ser2448, p-p70S6KSer424/421, and p-rpS6Ser235/236 were higher (P < 0.05) POST compared to PRE and BASE. PAX7 and MYOGENIN were lower (P < 0.05) in LOW compared to AD, regardless of time, while MYOD was lower (P < 0.05) in LOW compared to AD at PRE, but not different at POST. Conclusion Initiating aerobic exercise with low muscle glycogen does not affect mTORC1 signaling, yet reductions in gene expression of myogenic regulatory factors suggest that muscle recovery from exercise may be reduced.

Skeletal muscle glycogen content: diurnal variation and effects of fasting

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (2) ◽  
pp. 614-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
RK Conlee ◽  
MJ Rennie ◽  
WW Winder
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Glycogen Concentration ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Muscle Glycogen Concentration

To test whether skeletal muscle glycogen concentration is related to food consumption, glycogen content was determined in red (R) and white (W) vastus lateralis and in soleus (S) muscles from six groups of ad libitum-fed rats killed at 4-h intervals and from 24-h-fasted animals killed at 0800 and 1600 h. The animal quarters were illuminated between 0700 and 1900 h. Glycogen values exhibited a peak at 0800 h and a nadir at 2000 h. These changes bore no relationship to blood glucose and lactate or plasma free fatty acids, glucagon, insulin, and corticosterone concentrations. Fasting resulted in reductions of glycogen content of 49% (S), 47% (R), and 29% (W) in animals killed at 0800h, but at 1600h changes were only 23% (RY), 17% (W), and 8% (S). The smaller changes at 1600 h were apparently due to lower glycogen levels in the tissues of the fed animals. It was concluded that skeletal muscle exhibits a diurnal variation in glycogen content, and that, contrary to accepted belief, fating significantly alters muscle glycogen concentration.

Muscle and liver glycogen content: diurnal variation and endurance

1979 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Clark ◽  
R. K. Conlee
Keyword(s):  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Liver Glycogen Content ◽  
Exercise Endurance ◽  
Glycogen Stores

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of diurnal variations of muscle and liver glycogen stores on exercise endurance in male albino rats. Animals were swum to exhaustion at either 0700 or 1900 h, after which samples of soleus, white vastus lateralis, and red vastus lateralis muscles as well as liver were excised and subsequently analyzed for glycogen content. Glycogen content of all tissues from nonexercising control animals was higher in the morning than in the evening. Consequently, animals at 0700 h swam 60% longer than those at 1900 h (209 +/- 20 min vs. 130 +/- 23 min, respectively). However, because the skeletal tissues of the exhausted animals were not totally depleted of glycogen, it was concluded that fatigue under the swim protocol was the result of hypoglycemia secondary to hepatic glycogen depletion. The results of this study demonstrate the physiological consequences of diurnal glycogen fluctuation and establish experimental support for the importance of controlling this variable in rodent exercise investigations.

Low muscle glycogen concentration does not suppress the anabolic response to resistance exercise

2012 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donny M. Camera ◽  
Daniel W. D. West ◽  
Nicholas A. Burd ◽  
Stuart M. Phillips ◽  
Andrew P. Garnham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Glycogen Concentration ◽  
Postexercise Recovery ◽  
Muscle Glycogen Concentration

We determined the effect of muscle glycogen concentration and postexercise nutrition on anabolic signaling and rates of myofibrillar protein synthesis after resistance exercise (REX). Sixteen young, healthy men matched for age, body mass, peak oxygen uptake (V̇o2peak) and strength (one repetition maximum; 1RM) were randomly assigned to either a nutrient or placebo group. After 48 h diet and exercise control, subjects undertook a glycogen-depletion protocol consisting of one-leg cycling to fatigue (LOW), whereas the other leg rested (NORM). The next morning following an overnight fast, a primed, constant infusion of l-[ ring-13C6] phenylalanine was commenced and subjects completed 8 sets of 5 unilateral leg press repetitions at 80% 1RM. Immediately after REX and 2 h later, subjects consumed a 500 ml bolus of a protein/CHO (20 g whey + 40 g maltodextrin) or placebo beverage. Muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis of both legs were taken at rest and 1 and 4 h after REX. Muscle glycogen concentration was higher in the NORM than LOW at all time points in both nutrient and placebo groups ( P < 0.05). Postexercise Akt-p70S6K-rpS6 phosphorylation increased in both groups with no differences between legs ( P < 0.05). mTORSer2448 phosphorylation in placebo increased 1 h after exercise in NORM ( P < 0.05), whereas mTOR increased ∼4-fold in LOW ( P < 0.01) and ∼11 fold in NORM with nutrient ( P < 0.01; different between legs P < 0.05). Post-exercise rates of MPS were not different between NORM and LOW in nutrient (0.070 ± 0.022 vs. 0.068 ± 0.018 %/h) or placebo (0.045 ± 0.021 vs. 0.049 ± 0.017 %/h). We conclude that commencing high-intensity REX with low muscle glycogen availability does not compromise the anabolic signal and subsequent rates of MPS, at least during the early (4 h) postexercise recovery period.

Muscle glycogen availability and temperature regulation in humans

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Martineau ◽  
I. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Glycogen Concentration ◽  
Exercise Regimen ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Muscle Groups

The effects of intramuscular glycogen availability on human temperature regulation were studied in eight seminude subjects immersed in 18 degrees C water for 90 min or until rectal temperature (Tre) decreased to 35.5 degrees C. Each subject was immersed three times over a 3-wk period. Each immersion followed 2.5 days of a specific dietary and/or exercise regimen designed to elicit low (L), normal (N), or high (H) glycogen levels in large skeletal muscle groups. Muscle glycogen concentration was determined in biopsies taken from the vastus lateralis muscle before and after each immersion. Intramuscular glycogen concentration before the immersion was significantly different among the L, N, and H trials (P less than 0.01), averaging 247 +/- 15, 406 +/- 23, and 548 +/- 42 (SE) mmol glucose units.kg dry muscle-1, respectively. The calculated metabolic heat production during the first 30 min of immersion was significantly lower during L compared with N or H (P less than 0.05). The rate at which Tre decreased was more rapid during the L immersion than either N or H (P less than 0.05), and the time during the immersion at which Tre first began to decrease also appeared sooner during L than N or H. The results suggest that low skeletal muscle glycogen levels are associated with more rapid body cooling during water immersion in humans. Higher than normal muscle glycogen levels, however, do not increase cold tolerance.

Adrenodemedullation affects endurance but not hepatic fructose 2,6-bisphosphate

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (4) ◽  
pp. R572-R577 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Yang ◽  
R. L. Hammer ◽  
T. L. Sellers ◽  
J. Arogyasami ◽  
D. T. Carrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Epinephrine Infusion ◽  
Liver Glycogen Content

Sham-operated (SHAM) and saline (ADM-S)- or epinephrine (ADM-E)-infused adrenodemedullated rats were run on a treadmill (21 m/min, 15% grade) for 80 min or until exhaustion. ADM-S rats had significantly lower endurance run times (116 +/- 6 min) than ADM-E rats (136 +/- 8 min) and SHAM rats (150 +/- 6 min). Liver glycogen content dropped from 56 +/- 4 to 10 +/- 2 mg/g in SHAM and from 54 +/- 4 to 18 +/- 5 mg/g in ADM-S and to 20 +/- 8 mg/g in ADM-E rats at 80 min. Liver glycogen was depleted in all rats at exhaustion. Liver fructose 2,6-bisphosphate was decreased markedly in exercising rats, and the extent of decrease was not influenced by adrenodemedullation or by epinephrine infusion. ADM-S rats showed impaired glycogen depletion in the white vastus lateralis and soleus muscles, hypoglycemia, and low blood lactate at 80 min and at exhaustion. Infusion of epinephrine into ADM rats reversed these deficiencies. These data indicate that the adrenal medulla is unessential for normal endurance exercise as long as liver glycogen is available. After liver glycogen is depleted, epinephrine from the adrenal medulla prevents hypoglycemia and is essential for allowing continuation of exercise.

Progressive increase in human skeletal muscle AMPKα2 activity and ACC phosphorylation during exercise

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (3) ◽  
pp. E688-E694 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Stephens ◽  
Z.-P. Chen ◽  
B. J. Canny ◽  
B. J. Michell ◽  
B. E. Kemp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Muscle Glycogen Content ◽  
Muscle Creatine

The effect of prolonged moderate-intensity exercise on human skeletal muscle AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)α1 and -α2 activity and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCβ) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOSμ) phosphorylation was investigated. Seven active healthy individuals cycled for 30 min at a workload requiring 62.8 ± 1.3% of peak O2consumption (V˙o 2 peak) with muscle biopsies obtained from the vastus lateralis at rest and at 5 and 30 min of exercise. AMPKα1 activity was not altered by exercise; however, AMPKα2 activity was significantly ( P < 0.05) elevated after 5 min (∼2-fold), and further elevated ( P < 0.05) after 30 min (∼3-fold) of exercise. ACCβ phosphorylation was increased ( P < 0.05) after 5 min (∼18-fold compared with rest) and increased ( P< 0.05) further after 30 min of exercise (∼36-fold compared with rest). Increases in AMPKα2 activity were significantly correlated with both increases in ACCβ phosphorylation and reductions in muscle glycogen content. Fat oxidation tended ( P = 0.058) to increase progressively during exercise. Muscle creatine phosphate was lower ( P < 0.05), and muscle creatine, calculated free AMP, and free AMP-to-ATP ratio were higher ( P < 0.05) at both 5 and 30 min of exercise compared with those at rest. At 30 min of exercise, the values of these metabolites were not significantly different from those at 5 min of exercise. Phosphorylation of nNOSμ was variable, and despite the mean doubling with exercise, statistically significance was not achieved ( P = 0.304). Western blots indicated that AMPKα2 was associated with both nNOSμ and ACCβ consistent with them both being substrates of AMPKα2 in vivo. In conclusion, AMPKα2 activity and ACCβ phosphorylation increase progressively during moderate exercise at ∼60% of V˙o 2 peak in humans, with these responses more closely coupled to muscle glycogen content than muscle AMP/ATP ratio.

Effect of glycogen depletion on the ventilatory response to exercise

1983 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 470-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Heigenhauser ◽  
J. R. Sutton ◽  
N. L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Co2 Output ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Male Subjects

Five male subjects performed two graded exercise studies, one during control conditions and the other after reduction of muscle glycogen content by repeated maximum exercise and a high fat-protein diet. Reduction in preexercise muscle glycogen from 59.1 to 17.1 mumol X g-1 (n = 3) was associated with a 14% reduction in maximum power output but no change in maximum O2 intake; at any given power output O2 intake, heart rate, and ventilation (VE) were significantly higher, CO2 output (VCO2) was similar, and the respiratory exchange ratio was lower during glycogen depletion compared with control. The higher VE during glycogen depletion was associated with a higher VE/VCO2 ratio, lower end-tidal and mixed venous CO2 partial pressures, and higher blood pH than in the control studies. Changes in exercise VE accompanying glycogen depletion were not explained by changes in CO2 flux to the lungs suggesting that other factors served to modulate VE in these experimental conditions.

Effects of cocaine on plasma catecholamine and muscle glycogen concentrations during exercise in the rat

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 1323-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Conlee ◽  
D. W. Barnett ◽  
K. P. Kelly ◽  
D. H. Han
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Plasma Epinephrine ◽  
Exercise Endurance ◽  
Insight Into

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that cocaine (C) alters the normal physiological responses to exercise. Male rats were injected with saline (S) or C (12.5 mg/kg) either intravenously (iv) or intraperitoneally (ip). After injection the animals were allowed to rest for 30 min or were run on the treadmill (26 m/min, 10% grade). At rest plasma epinephrine values were 245 +/- 24 pg/ml in the S group and 411 +/- 43 (ip) and 612 +/- 41 (iv) pg/ml in the C groups (P less than 0.05 between S and C). During exercise plasma epinephrine levels were 615 +/- 32 pg/ml in S and 1,316 +/- 58 (ip) and 1,208 +/- 37 (iv) pg/ml in the C groups (P less than 0.05 between S and C). Similar results were obtained for norepinephrine. Glycogen content in the white vastus lateralis muscle was reduced to 31 +/- 2 mumol/g in S after exercise, but after C and exercise the values were 12 +/- 4 (ip) and 16 +/- 3 (iv) mumol/g (P less than 0.05 between S and C). There was no effect of the drug on this parameter at rest. Blood lactate rose to 4.8 +/- 1.0 (ip) and 5.8 +/- 1.3 (iv) mM in the C groups but to only 3.0 +/- 0.2 in the S group after exercise (P less than 0.05 between S and C). These results show that C and exercise combined exert a more dramatic effect on plasma catecholamine, muscle glycogen, and blood lactate concentrations than do C and exercise alone. They provide further insight into explaining the adverse effects of C on exercise endurance observed previously (Bracken et al., J. Appl. Physiol. 66: 377-383, 1989).

Pro- and macroglycogenolysis during repeated exercise: roles of glycogen content and phosphorylase activation

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 880-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Shearer ◽  
I. Marchand ◽  
M. A. Tarnopolsky ◽  
D. J. Dyck ◽  
T. E. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Glycogen Phosphorylase ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Glycogen Concentration ◽  
Repeated Exercise ◽  
Glycogen Utilization ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Male Subjects

This study examined the relationship between preexercise muscle glycogen content and glycogen utilization in two physiological pools, pro- (PG) and macroglycogen (MG). Male subjects ( n = 6) completed an exercise and dietary protocol before the experiment that resulted in one leg with high glycogen (HL) and one with low glycogen (LL). Preexercise PG levels were 312 ± 29 and 208 ± 31 glucosyl units/kg dry wt (dw) ( P ≤ 0.05) in the HL and LL, respectively, and the corresponding values for MG were 125 ± 37 and 89 ± 43 mmol glucosyl units/kg dw ( P ≤ 0.05). Subjects then performed two 90-s exercise bouts at 130% maximal oxygen uptake separated by a 10-min rest period. Biopsies were obtained at rest and after each exercise bout. Preexercise glycogen concentration was correlated to net glycogenolysis for both PG and MG for bout 1 and bouts 1 and 2 ( r ≤ 0.60). In bout 1, there was no difference in the rate of PG or MG catabolism between HL and LL despite a 26% increase ( P ≤ 0.05) in glycogen phosphorylase transformation ( phos a %) in the HL. In the second bout, more PG was catabolized in the HL vs. LL (38 ± 9 vs. 9 ± 6 mmol glucosyl units · kg dw−1 · min−1) ( P ≤ 0.05) with no difference between legs in phos a %. phos a% was increased in HL vs. LL but does not necessarily increase glycogenolysis in either PG or MG. Despite both legs performing the same exercise and having identical metabolic demands, the HL catabolized 2.3 ( P ≤ 0.05) times more PG and 1.5 ( P ≤ 0.05) times more MG vs. LL in bouts 1 and 2, indicating that preexercise glycogen concentration is a regulator of glycogenolysis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document