The History of Cerebrospinal Fluid

2015 ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Deisenhammer
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals The Relationships between HIV-1 Infection, History of Methamphetamine Use Disorder, and Soluble Biomarkers in Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1287
Author(s):  
T. Walter ◽  
Jennifer Iudicello ◽  
Debra Cookson ◽  
Donald Franklin ◽  
Bin Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Csf Biomarkers ◽  
Immune System Dysfunction ◽  
Immune Biomarkers ◽  
Plasma Factor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hiv 1

Methamphetamine (METH) use disorder is highly prevalent among people with HIV (PWH) and is a significant public health problem. HIV and METH use are each associated with immune system dysfunction; however, the combined effects on the immune system are poorly understood. This cross-sectional project measured soluble immune biomarkers in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from a control group, people with a history of a METH use disorder (METH+), PWH with no history of METH use disorder (HIV+), and PWH with a history of METH use disorder (HIV+/METH+). HIV, METH, and immune dysfunction can also be associated with affective and cognitive deficits, so we characterized mood and cognition in our participants. Two factor analyses were performed for the plasma and CSF biomarkers. Plasma IL-8, Ccl2, VEGF, and 8-isoprostane loaded onto one factor that was highest in the HIV+/METH+ group (p < 0.047) reflecting worse inflammation, vascular injury, and oxidative stress. This plasma factor was also negatively correlated with delayed recall (R = −0.49, p = 0.010), which was worst in the HIV+/METH+ group (p = 0.030 compared to the control group). Overall, these data implicate that combined HIV-1 infection and METH use may exacerbate inflammation, leading to worse cognition.

scholarly journals Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-208
Author(s):  
Gobinda Chandra Banik ◽  
Sakib Aman ◽  
Farhana Sultana ◽  
Syed Mohammad Arif
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Short History ◽  
Altered Consciousness ◽  
History Of ◽  
Metachromatic Leucodystrophy

  Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is chronic progressive encephalitis of childhood and young adoloscent due to persistent measles virus infection. This case illustrates a 14 year old girl presented with short history of intellectual decline, abnormal behavior, myoclonus and altered consciousness with suggestive neuroimaging mimicking metachromatic leucodystrophy. Subsequently she was diagnosed to be a case of Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) on the basis of Electroencephalography (EEG) and Cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) measles antibody titer. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2019; 37(4): 205-208

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Enterococcus faecalis meningitis associated with long-term cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea using metagenomics next-generation sequencing: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobo Zhang ◽  
Chao Jiang ◽  
Chaojun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Skull Bone Defect ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Abstract Background Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) meningitis is a rare disease, and most of its occurrences are of post-operative origin. Its rapid diagnosis is critical for effective clinical management. Currently, the diagnosis is focused on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture, but this is quite limited. By comparison, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) can overcome the deficiencies of conventional diagnostic approaches. To our knowledge, mNGS analysis of the CSF in the diagnosis of E. faecalis meningitis has been not reported. Case presentation We report the case of E. faecalis meningitis in a 70-year-old female patient without a preceding history of head injury or surgery, but with an occult sphenoid sinus bone defect. Enterococcus faecalis meningitis was diagnosed using mNGS of CSF, and she recovered satisfactorily following treatment with appropriate antibiotics and surgical repair of the skull bone defect. Conclusions Non-post-traumatic or post-surgical E. faecalis meningitis can occur in the presence of occult defects in the cranium, and mNGS technology could be helpful in diagnosis in the absence of a positive CSF culture.

Sterile cerebrospinal fluid ascites, hydrothorax and hydrocele as a complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunting in an elderly patient

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. e242593
Author(s):  
Xiancheng Wu ◽  
Michael Sandhu ◽  
Rajat Dhand ◽  
Leen Alkukhun ◽  
Jivan Lamichhane
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patient ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Massive Ascites ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Vp Shunt ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scrotal Swelling

An 89-year-old man with a history of multiple abdominal surgeries and ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement for normal pressure hydrocephalus presented for intractable abdominal bloating and scrotal swelling, for which imaging revealed massive ascites, bilateral hydrocele and small bilateral pleural effusions. Cardiac, hepatic and renal workup were insignificant. Culture and cytology of ascitic fluid were negative for infection or malignancy. Aetiology of the ascites as secondary to Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the VP shunt was confirmed via ligation of the shunt. Sterile CSF ascites, hydrothorax and hydrocele are rare complications of VP shunt for hydrocephalus and are mostly presented in paediatric patients. We report the first known case of concurrent CSF ascites, hydrothorax and hydrocele in an elderly patient. We examine the difficulty of shunt replacement as a diagnostic and treatment modality in this age group and propose the use of reversible shunt ligation as a diagnostic modality.

CLINICAL CONFERENCE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 682-684
Author(s):  
William A. Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Male Infant ◽  
Costal Margin ◽  
Routine Manner ◽  
Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease ◽  
Left Costal Margin ◽  
History Of ◽  
Funduscopic Examination ◽  
The Right ◽  
Uneventful Pregnancy

Dr. Silverman: I shall present the history of an infant who was admitted to our premature nursery on May 9, 1956. This Puerto Rican male infant was born during the thirty-sixth week of an uneventful pregnancy. An antenatal serologic test for syphilis was negative. Delivery was spontaneous. Birth weight was 1070 gm. Physical examination on admission to the nursery revealed the liver to be 1 cm below the right costal margin and the spleen was firm, 1 cm below the left costal margin. Nothing else worthy of comment was noted and the infant was managed in a routine manner. The immediate newborn period was entirely uneventful, specifically neither petechiae nor unusual degree of icterus were noted. The ocular fundi were examined, as a matter of routine, during the third and fifth weeks of life and they were described as normal. During the sixth week of life, when the infant weighed 2080 gm, it was suddenly noted that the abdomen was quite distended. Examination at this time disclosed marked hepatosplenomegaly, both organs were firm. Again neither icterus nor petechiae were noted. There appeared to be some difficulty in swallowing. Roentgenograms of the chest at this time were normal and of the skull revealed intracranial calcification which was displayed in a pattern that seemed to outline dilated lateral ventricles. Lumbar puncture yielded cerebrospinal fluid which was negative except for protein of 198 mg/100 ml. The urine and cerebrospinal fluid were examined for the cells characteristic of cytomegalic inclusion disease and none were found. Funduscopic examination at this time disclosed an area of chorioretinitis in the right eye. It was presumed at this time that the infant had toxoplasmosis.

scholarly journals Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage and Middle Ear Encephalocele in Seven Patients

2000 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 372-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh B. Patel ◽  
Jed A. Kwartler ◽  
Richard M. Hodosh ◽  
Soly Baredes
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage ◽  
Recurrent Meningitis ◽  
Lumbar Drain ◽  
Csf Leakage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Conductive Hearing

Isolated cases of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage with and without middle ear encephalocele have been reported. These leaks are usually accompanied by episodes of recurrent meningitis, hearing loss, or chronic headache. In this article, we report seven new cases of spontaneous CSF leakage. Six of these patients had conductive hearing loss and serous otitis media, and three had recurrent meningitis. Prior to a definitive diagnosis, six patients had received myringotomy tubes, which produced profuse clear otorrhea. Three patients had positive beta-2 transferrin assays. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a defect in the temporal bone tegmen. A combined transmastoid and middle fossa surgical approach with a three-layer closure was used to repair the tegmen defect. All patients had a lumbar drain placed prior to surgery. In addition to describing the seven new cases, we review the history of CSF leakage and discuss diagnostic methods, surgical findings, and our recommendations for management.

A craniopharyngioma in a seven-year-old dog

1991 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Eckersley ◽  
Judith K. Geel ◽  
N. P.J. Kriek
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Sinus Bradycardia ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Axial Tomography ◽  
History Of ◽  
Computerised Axial Tomography ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Tomography Scan ◽  
Space Occupying Lesion

A seven-year-old male Border Collie was presented with a history of lethargy, episodic circling, incoordination and polydypsia. Physical examination revealed depression, obesity and bradycardia. A neurological examination indicated the possible presence of a space-occupying lesion in the brain. Results of the clinical investigation revealed hyposthenuria, sinus bradycardia and increased concentration of protein in the cerebrospinal fluid. A computerised axial tomography scan revealed a mass in the region of the hypophysis. The dog was euthanased and a post mortem examination confirmed the presence of a craniopharyngioma.

scholarly journals The history of cerebrospinal fluid analysis in Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (9B) ◽  
pp. 649-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Antonio Livramento ◽  
Luis dos Ramos Machado
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Strong Point ◽  
History Of

Analysis on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in neurological diagnosis has always been considered to be a strong point among the main complementary examinations in Brazil. The present paper reviews the main events in the history of CSF in the neurological sciences, with emphasis on the founders of several CSF schools in our country from the beginning of the 20th century to the present time.

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