scholarly journals The Relationships between HIV-1 Infection, History of Methamphetamine Use Disorder, and Soluble Biomarkers in Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1287
Author(s):  
T. Walter ◽  
Jennifer Iudicello ◽  
Debra Cookson ◽  
Donald Franklin ◽  
Bin Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Csf Biomarkers ◽  
Immune System Dysfunction ◽  
Immune Biomarkers ◽  
Plasma Factor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hiv 1

Methamphetamine (METH) use disorder is highly prevalent among people with HIV (PWH) and is a significant public health problem. HIV and METH use are each associated with immune system dysfunction; however, the combined effects on the immune system are poorly understood. This cross-sectional project measured soluble immune biomarkers in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from a control group, people with a history of a METH use disorder (METH+), PWH with no history of METH use disorder (HIV+), and PWH with a history of METH use disorder (HIV+/METH+). HIV, METH, and immune dysfunction can also be associated with affective and cognitive deficits, so we characterized mood and cognition in our participants. Two factor analyses were performed for the plasma and CSF biomarkers. Plasma IL-8, Ccl2, VEGF, and 8-isoprostane loaded onto one factor that was highest in the HIV+/METH+ group (p < 0.047) reflecting worse inflammation, vascular injury, and oxidative stress. This plasma factor was also negatively correlated with delayed recall (R = −0.49, p = 0.010), which was worst in the HIV+/METH+ group (p = 0.030 compared to the control group). Overall, these data implicate that combined HIV-1 infection and METH use may exacerbate inflammation, leading to worse cognition.

scholarly journals A community-based randomized trial for the prevention and control of brucellosis among rural populations in Iran: application of the PRECEDE planning model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Jahangiry ◽  
Maryam Khazaee-Pool ◽  
Towhid Babazadeh ◽  
Parvin Sarbakhsh ◽  
Koen Ponnet
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Community Based ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Brucellosis is one of the most frequently occurring zoonotic diseases of veterinary and a public health problem in developing countries. It affects human and animal health and has measurable effects on the productive and reproductive performance of livestock. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to develop a community-based intervention program for brucellosis prevention and control. A two-arm parallel cluster randomized controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of the program over six months in a rural population in Ahar, East Azerbaijan, Iran. A total of 16 village health houses were randomly allocated to the intervention and the control groups (eight per arm), and 400 participants were recruited via household health records in the health houses. The PRECEDE model, which is an acronym for Predisposing, Reinforcing and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation, was used to design, implement, and evaluate the brucellosis prevention and control program. Knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, social support, environmental enabling, and behavioral factors were measured at the baseline and the six-month follow-up. A generalized mixed effects model was used to analyze data. Results: The mean ages (SD) of the intervention and control group respondents were 35.9 (11.87) and 37.28 (11.04) years, respectively. After the six-month intervention, significant between-group differences were found on all PRECEDE variables, adjusted for education, history of brucellosis, and family history of brucellosis. Conclusion: There is a need to consolidate collaborative health and veterinary sector efforts, as well as increase regular vaccination practices and financial resources to support farmers willing to slaughter animals and/or offer slaughter facilities. The present study was able to demonstrate which educational and ecological factors influence behaviors and environments related to brucellosis and, as such, provide evidence of the effectiveness of interventions based on the PROCEDE model.

Cerebrospinal fluid levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in Parkinson’s disease and atypical parkinsonian syndromes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Kaiserova ◽  
Monika Chudackova ◽  
Hana Prikrylova Vranova ◽  
Katerina Mensikova ◽  
Anetta Kastelikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Corticobasal Degeneration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Csf Biomarkers ◽  
Parkinsonian Syndromes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid

Background: Various cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are studied in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonian syndromes (APS). Several studies found reduced 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), the main serotonin metabolite, in PD. There is little evidence regarding its levels in APS. Methods: We measured 5-HIAA in the CSF of 90 PD patients, 16 MSA patients, 26 progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patients, 11 corticobasal degeneration (CBD) patients, and 31 controls. We also compared the values in depressed and non-depressed patients. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in CSF 5-HIAA in PD and MSA compared to the control group (median in PD 15.8 µg/l, in MSA 13.6 µg/l vs. 24.3 µg/l in controls; P=0.0008 in PD, P=0.006 in MSA). There was no statistically significant difference in CSF 5-HIAA in PSP and CBD compared to the control group (median in PSP 22.7 µg/l, in CBD 18.7 µg/l vs. 24.3 µg/l in controls; P= 1 in both PSP and CBD). CSF 5-HIAA levels were lower in PD patients with depression compared to PD patients without depression (median 8.34 vs. 18.48, P<0.0001). Conclusions: CSF 5-HIAA is decreased in PD and MSA. The CSF 5-HIAA levels in PSP and CBS did not differ from those of the control group. There was a tendency toward lower CSF 5-HIAA in MSA than in PD, however, the results did not reach statistical significance. These results may be explained by more severe damage of the serotonergic system in synucleinopathies (PD, MSA) than in tauopathies (PSP, CBS).

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal fluid neopterin as a biomarker of neuroinflammatory diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Molero-Luis ◽  
Didac Casas-Alba ◽  
Gabriela Orellana ◽  
Aida Ormazabal ◽  
Cristina Sierra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Canonical Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Csf Biomarkers ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens

Abstract The elevation of neopterin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been reported in several neuroinflammatory disorders. However, it is not expected that neopterin alone can discriminate among different neuroinflammatory etiologies. We conducted an observational retrospective and case–control study to analyze the CSF biomarkers neopterin, total proteins, and leukocytes in a large cohort of pediatric patients with neuroinflammatory disorders. CSF samples from 277 subjects were included and classified into four groups: Viral meningoencephalitis, bacterial meningitis, acquired immune-mediated disorders, and patients with no-immune diseases (control group). CSF neopterin was analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography. Microbiological diagnosis included bacterial CSF cultures and several specific real-time polymerase chain reactions. Molecular testing for multiple respiratory pathogens was also included. Antibodies against neuronal and glial proteins were tested. Canonical discriminant analysis of the three biomarkers was conducted to establish the best discriminant functions for the classification of the different clinical groups. Model validation was done by biomarker analyses in a new cohort of 95 pediatric patients. CSF neopterin displayed the highest values in the viral and bacterial infection groups. By applying canonical discriminant analysis, it was possible to classify the patients into the different groups. Validation analyses displayed good results for neuropediatric patients with no-immune diseases and for viral meningitis patients, followed by the other groups. This study provides initial evidence of a more efficient approach to promote the timely classification of patients with viral and bacterial infections and acquired autoimmune disorders. Through canonical equations, we have validated a new tool that aids in the early and differential diagnosis of these neuroinflammatory conditions.

scholarly journals Coinfection withCryptococcus GattiiandMycobacterium Tuberculosisin an Otherwise Healthy 18-Year-Old Woman

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. e62-e63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Van Tongeren ◽  
Tawimas Shaipanich ◽  
John A Fleetham
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Healthy Individual ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Healthy Young Woman ◽  
History Of

A case ofCryptococcus gattii(pulmonary and central nervous system) andMycobacterium tuberculosis(pulmonary) coinfection in an otherwise healthy young woman is reported. The patient presented with a two-month history of dry cough. She had an unremarkable medical history. Both tuberculosis and cryptococcosis were diagnosed following bronchoscopy, and a subsequent lumbar puncture revealedC gattiiin the cerebrospinal fluid. There is evidence that bothM tuberculosisandC gattiimay have suppressive effects on the host immune system. This suggests a mechanism by which an otherwise healthy individual developed these two infections.

Cutaneous manifestations of HIV-1 infection

1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
pp. 362-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Memar ◽  
R Cirelli ◽  
P Lee ◽  
SK Tyring
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hiv 1

Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) leads to a chronic disarmament of the immune system. The process is progressive, having different manifestations as the status of the immune system slowly deteriorates. Some of the most common manifestations of HIV infection are cutaneous in origin, and they can have infectious, neoplastic, or noninfectious or non-neoplastic etiologies. A brief history of HIV is given, and the most common cutaneous presentations of the virus infection of interest to podiatrists are outlined.

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Spinocerebellar Ataxia: A Pilot Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley M. Brouillette ◽  
Gülin Öz ◽  
Christopher M. Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Csf Biomarkers ◽  
Spinocerebellar Ataxias ◽  
Disease Subtype ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers ◽  
Sporadic Disease ◽  
Cerebellar Type ◽  
Post Hoc

Neurodegenerative diseases, including the spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA), would benefit from the identification of reliable biomarkers that could serve as disease subtype-specific and stage-specific indicators for the development and monitoring of treatments. We analyzed the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) level of tau,α-synuclein, DJ-1, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), proteins previously associated with neurodegenerative processes, in patients with the autosomal dominant SCA1, SCA2, and SCA6, and the sporadic disease multiple system atrophy, cerebellar type (MSA-C), compared with age-matched controls. We estimated disease severity using the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA). Most proteins measured trended higher in disease versus control group yet did not reach statistical significance. We found the levels of tau in both SCA2 and MSA-C patients were significantly higher than control. We found thatα-synuclein levels were lower with higher SARA scores in SCA1 and tau levels were higher with greater SARA in MSA-C, although this final correlation did not reach statistical significance after post hoc correction. Additional studies with larger sample sizes are needed to improve the power of these studies and validate the use of CSF biomarkers in SCA and MSA-C.

Immune system-mediated endothelial damage is associated with NO and antioxidant system disorders

2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidosava B. Djordjević ◽  
Tatjana Stanković ◽  
Vladan Ćosić ◽  
Lilika Zvezdanović ◽  
Borisav Kamenov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Immune System Dysfunction ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

AbstractTwo distinct systems of different origin are involved in the pathogenesis of both infectious and immunological vasculitis syndrome: nitric oxide (NO) from endothelial cells and granulocyte NADPH oxidase. In this study, in 31 children with immune system dysfunction, NO, NO synthase (NOS) and antioxidant enzyme activities [catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx)], as well as immunological parameters, were investigated. On the basis of the clinical findings, all children were divided into three groups: group I, 8 children clinically showing macular skin manifestations; group II, 11 children with maculo-papulous changes; and group III, 12 children with clinical findings of papulous changes. Plasma NO values in groups II and III were significantly elevated (79.14 ± 30.13 and 65.32 ± 6.70 µmol/l), compared to the control group (41.24 ± 3.65 µmol/l), while group I showed statistically lower values (32.38 ± 3.37 µmol/l). In children with the highest level of NO (group II) NOS activity was two-fold higher (1.77 ± 0.59 nmol/ml/min; p < 0.01) than in controls (0.98 ± 0.23 nmol/ml/min). Catalase activity showed a significant increase and SOD activity a significant decrease in all experimental groups, while GPx was not significantly changed. The results show that immune system dysfunction manifested as vasculitis is associated with significant disturbances in the NO system and free radicals scavengers.

scholarly journals Risk of autoimmune diseases in patients with RASopathies: systematic study of humoral and cellular immunity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Anna Siano ◽  
Valeria Marchetti ◽  
Stefano Pagano ◽  
Francesca Di Candia ◽  
Maria Alessio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Autoimmune Disorders ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Humoral And Cellular Immunity ◽  
Immune System Dysfunction ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Molecules

Abstract Abnormalities of the immune system are rarely reported in patients affected by RASopathies. Aim of the current study was to investigate the prevalence of immune system dysfunction in a cohort of patients affected by RASopathies.Study Design. A cohort of 69 patients was enrolled: 60 at the Federico II University, Naples, 7 at University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 2 at “ScuolaMedicaSalernitana”, Salerno. An age- and sex-matched control group was also enrolled. Autoimmune disorders were investigated in the study cohort according to international consensus criteria. Immune framework was also evaluated by immunoglobulin levels,CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD56 lymphocyte subpopulations, autoantibodies levels and panel of inflammatory molecules, in both patients and controls.Results. Frequent upper respiratory tract infections were recorded in 2 patients; pneumonia, psoriasis and alopecia in single patients. Low IgA levels were detected in 8/44 patients (18.18%),low CD8 T cells in 13/35 patients (37.14%).Anti-tg and anti-TPO antibodies were detected in 3/24 patients (12.5%), anti r-TSH in 2 cases (8.33%), all in euthyroidism. Serum IgA and CD8 levels were significantly lower in patients than in controls (p 0,00685; p 0,000656 respectively). All tested patients showed increased inflammatory molecules compared to controls. These findings may anticipate the detection of overt autoimmune disease.Conclusions. Patients affected by RASopathiesare at risk to develop autoimmune disorders. Routine screening for autoimmunity is recommendedin patients with RASopathy.

scholarly journals Risk of autoimmune diseases in patients with RASopathies: systematic study of humoral and cellular immunity

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Siano ◽  
V. Marchetti ◽  
S. Pagano ◽  
F. Di Candia ◽  
M. Alessio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Autoimmune Disorders ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Humoral And Cellular Immunity ◽  
Magna Graecia ◽  
Immune System Dysfunction ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Molecules

Abstract Background Abnormalities of the immune system are rarely reported in patients affected by RASopathies. Aim of the current study was to investigate the prevalence of immune system dysfunction in a cohort of patients affected by RASopathies. Study design A group of 69 patients was enrolled: 60 at the Federico II University, Naples, 7 at University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 2 at “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Salerno. An age- and sex-matched control group was also enrolled. Autoimmune disorders were investigated according to international consensus criteria. Immune framework was also evaluated by immunoglobulin levels, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD56 lymphocyte subpopulations, autoantibodies levels and panel of inflammatory molecules, in both patients and controls. Results Frequent upper respiratory tract infections were recorded in 2 patients; pneumonia, psoriasis and alopecia in single patients. Low IgA levels were detected in 8/44 patients (18.18%), low CD8 T cells in 13/35 patients (37.14%). Anti-tg and anti-TPO antibodies were detected in 3/24 patients (12.5%), anti r-TSH in 2 cases (8.33%), all in euthyroidism. Serum IgA and CD8 levels were significantly lower in patients than in controls (p 0.00685; p 0.000656 respectively). All tested patients showed increased inflammatory molecules compared to controls. These findings may anticipate the detection of overt autoimmune disease. Conclusions Patients affected by RASopathies are at risk to develop autoimmune disorders. Routine screening for autoimmunity is recommended in patients with RASopathy.

scholarly journals Millipore xMap® Luminex (HATMAG-68K): An Accurate and Cost-Effective Method for Evaluating Alzheimer's Biomarkers in Cerebrospinal Fluid

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Oliveira Hansen ◽  
Natalia Silva Dias ◽  
Ivonne Carolina Bolaños Burgos ◽  
Monica Vieira Costa ◽  
Andréa Teixeira Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Csf Biomarkers ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
T Tau

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers are of great relevance in clinical research, especially after the AT(N) framework. They enable early diagnosis, disease staging and research with new promising drugs, monitoring therapeutic response. However, the high cost and low availability of the most well-known methods limits their use in low and medium-income countries. In this context, Millipore xMap® Luminex may be a cost-effective alternative. In our study, using INNOTEST® as reference, we assess the diagnostic accuracy of Millipore xMap® and propose a cutoff point for AD.Methods: We performed lumbar puncture of seven older individuals with clinically defined AD, 17 with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and 11 without objective cognitive impairment-control group (CG). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers concentrations for aB42, p-Tau, and t-Tau were measured by INNOTEST® and Millipore xMap®, and then the techniques were compared to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the new test and to define a cutoff.Results: INNOTEST® and Millipore xMap® measurements showed all correlations &gt;0.8 for the same biomarker, except for t-Tau that was 0.66. Millipore xMap® measurements showed a robust accuracy for all biomarkers, with AUC higher than 0.808 (t-Tau), and the best for Aβ42 (AUC = 0.952). The most accurate cutoffs were found at 1012.98 pg/ml (Aβ42), 64.54 pg/ml (p-tau), 3251.81 pg/ml (t-tau), 3.370 (t-Tau/Aβ42), and 0.059 (p-Tau/Aβ42).Conclusion: Given its good accuracy and cost-effectiveness, Milliplex xMap® tests seems a reliable and promising tool, especially for low and middle-income countries.

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