The Structure of Voters’ Preferences Induced by the Dual Culture Condition

2014 ◽  
pp. 347-361
Author(s):  
William V. Gehrlein ◽  
Souvik Roy
Keyword(s):  
Culture Condition ◽  
Dual Culture

La rhétorique de la légitimité

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-361
Author(s):  
Hélène Casanova-Robin
Keyword(s):  
Culture Condition

Le traité De Principe rédigé par Giovanni Pontano dans la seconde moitié du Quattrocento vise à éduquer le futur souverain, Alphonse II et à lui offrir tous les outils pour conforter sa légitimité contestée par les barons napolitains. La rhétorique de l'éloge, conjuguée au discours didactique, sert ici la construction d'un idéal de souverain, appuyé sur les modèles antiques mais aussi nourri de références contemporaines, l'humaniste proposant une véritable parénèse vers l'accession à la sagesse, qui repose sur l'acquisition d'une solide culture, condition sine qua non pour que se développent les vertus. Mais cet apprentissage demeure incomplet si le prince ne sait pas en outre se doter d'une persona destinée précisément à faire apparaître ses qualités. L'attention portée au souverain en représentation, exposée d'après les modèles de l'orateur et de l'acteur, ouvre la voix à une nouvelle conception de l'exercice du pouvoir.

An Attempt at Biological Control of Blossom Blight of Rose Caused by Botrytis cinerea Using some Local Trichoderma spp. Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
G. Zadehdabagh ◽  
K. Karimi ◽  
M. Rezabaigi ◽  
F. Ajamgard
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Cut Rose

The northern of Khuzestan province in Iran is mainly considered as one of the major areas of miniature rose production. Blossom blight caused by Botrytis cinerea has recently become a serious limiting factor in rose production in pre and post-harvest. In current study, an attempt was made to evaluate the inhibitory potential of some local Trichoderma spp. strains against B. cinerea under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The in vitro results showed that all Trichoderma spp. strains were significantly able to reduce the mycelial growth of the pathogen in dual culture, volatile and non-volatile compounds tests compared with control, with superiority of T. atroviride Tsafi than others. Under in vivo condition, the selected strain of T. atroviride Tsafi had much better performance than T. harzianum IRAN 523C in reduction of disease severity compared with the untreated control. Overall, the findings of this study showed that the application of Trichoderma-based biocontrol agents such as T. atroviride Tsafi can be effective to protect cut rose flowers against blossom blight.

scholarly journals Detecting the Mechanism behind the Transition from Fixed Two-Dimensional Patterned Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) Dermal Papilla Cells to Three-Dimensional Pattern

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4715
Author(s):  
Guanning Wei ◽  
Hongmei Sun ◽  
Haijun Wei ◽  
Tao Qin ◽  
Yifeng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Condition ◽  
Sika Deer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cervus Nippon ◽  
Dermal Papilla ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
The Self ◽  
Dermal Papilla Cells ◽  
Aggregative Behavior ◽  
Cell Pattern

The hair follicle dermal papilla is critical for hair generation and de novo regeneration. When cultured in vitro, dermal papilla cells from different species demonstrate two distinguishable growth patterns under the conventional culture condition: a self-aggregative three dimensional spheroidal (3D) cell pattern and a two dimensional (2D) monolayer cell pattern, correlating with different hair inducing properties. Whether the loss of self-aggregative behavior relates to species-specific differences or the improper culture condition remains unclear. Can the fixed 2D patterned dermal papilla cells recover the self-aggregative behavior and 3D pattern also remains undetected. Here, we successfully constructed the two growth patterns using sika deer (Cervus nippon) dermal papilla cells and proved it was the culture condition that determined the dermal papilla growth pattern. The two growth patterns could transit mutually as the culture condition was exchanged. The fixed 2D patterned sika deer dermal papilla cells could recover the self-aggregative behavior and transit back to 3D pattern, accompanied by the restoration of hair inducing capability when the culture condition was changed. In addition, the global gene expressions during the transition from 2D pattern to 3D pattern were compared to detect the potential regulating genes and pathways involved in the recovery of 3D pattern and hair inducing capability.

scholarly journals Trichoderma asperellum T76-14 Released Volatile Organic Compounds against Postharvest Fruit Rot in Muskmelons (Cucumis melo) Caused by Fusarium incarnatum

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Warin Intana ◽  
Suchawadee Kheawleng ◽  
Anurag Sunpapao
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Postharvest Disease ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
Volatile Organic

Postharvest fruit rot caused by Fusarium incarnatum is a destructive postharvest disease of muskmelon (Cucumis melo). Biocontrol by antagonistic microorganisms is considered an alternative to synthetic fungicide application. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of action involved in the biocontrol of postharvest fruit rot in muskmelons by Trichoderma species. Seven Trichoderma spp. isolates were selected for in vitro testing against F. incarnatum in potato dextrose agar (PDA) by dual culture assay. In other relevant works, Trichoderma asperellum T76-14 showed a significantly higher percentage of inhibition (81%) than other isolates. Through the sealed plate method, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from T. asperellum T76-14 proved effective at inhibiting the fungal growth of F. incarnatum by 62.5%. Solid-phase microextraction GC/MS analysis revealed several VOCs emitted from T. asperellum T76-14, whereas the dominant compound was tentatively identified as phenylethyl alcohol (PEA). We have tested commercial volatile (PEA) against in vitro growth of F. incarnatum; the result showed PEA at a concentration of 1.5 mg mL−1 suppressed fungal growth with 56% inhibition. Both VOCs and PEA caused abnormal changes in the fungal mycelia. In vivo testing showed that the lesion size of muskmelons exposed to VOCs from T. asperellum T76-14 was significantly smaller than that of the control. Muskmelons exposed to VOCs from T. asperellum T76-14 showed no fruit rot after incubation at seven days compared to fruit rot in the control. This study demonstrated the ability of T. asperellum T76-14 to produce volatile antifungal compounds, showing that it can be a major mechanism involved in and responsible for the successful inhibition of F. incarnatum and control of postharvest fruit rot in muskmelons.

scholarly journals Chemically defined and xeno-free culture condition for human extended pluripotent stem cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bei Liu ◽  
Shi Chen ◽  
Yaxing Xu ◽  
Yulin Lyu ◽  
Jinlin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Culture Condition ◽  
Human Fibroblast ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Directed Differentiation

AbstractExtended pluripotent stem (EPS) cells have shown great applicative potentials in generating synthetic embryos, directed differentiation and disease modeling. However, the lack of a xeno-free culture condition has significantly limited their applications. Here, we report a chemically defined and xeno-free culture system for culturing and deriving human EPS cells in vitro. Xeno-free human EPS cells can be long-term and genetically stably maintained in vitro, as well as preserve their embryonic and extraembryonic developmental potentials. Furthermore, the xeno-free culturing system also permits efficient derivation of human EPS cells from human fibroblast through reprogramming. Our study could have broad utility in future applications of human EPS cells in biomedicine.

Lysis and biological control of Aspergillus niger by Bacillus subtilis AF 1

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Podile ◽  
A. P. Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Bacterial Cells

A biocontrol rhizobacterial strain of Bacillus subtilis AF 1 grown for 6 h was coinoculated with Aspergillus niger at different time intervals and microscopic observations revealed adherence of bacterial cells to the fungal mycelium. Bacterial cells multiplied in situ and colonized the mycelial surface. Growth of AF 1 resulted in damage to the cell wall, followed by lysis. AF 1 inoculation into media containing A. niger at 0, 6, and 12 h suppressed >90% fungal growth, while in 18- and 24-h cultures fungal growth inhibition was 70 and 56%, respectively, in terms of dry weight. In dual culture the fungal growth was not accompanied by formation of spores. The mycelial preparation of A. niger as principal carbon source supported the growth of B. subtilis, as much as chitin. Extracellular protein precipitate from B. subtilis culture filtrate had a significant growth-retarding effect on A. niger. Groundnut seeds bacterized with B. subtilis showed a reduced incidence of crown rot in A. niger infested soil, suggesting a possible role of B. subtilis in biological control of A. niger.Key words: mycolytic bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger, biological control.

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