Role of Image Processing in Solar Coronal Research

The role of medical image computing in oncology is growing stronger, not least due to the unprecedented advancement of computational AI techniques, providing a technological bridge between radiology and oncology, which could significantly accelerate the advancement of precision medicine throughout the cancer care continuum. Medical image processing has been an active field of research for more than three decades, focusing initially on traditional image analysis tasks such as registration segmentation, fusion, and contrast optimization. However, with the advancement of model-based medical image processing, the field of imaging biomarker discovery has focused on transforming functional imaging data into meaningful biomarkers that are able to provide insight into a tumor’s pathophysiology. More recently, the advancement of high-performance computing, in conjunction with the availability of large medical imaging datasets, has enabled the deployment of sophisticated machine learning techniques in the context of radiomics and deep learning modeling. This paper reviews and discusses the evolving role of image analysis and processing through the lens of the abovementioned developments, which hold promise for accelerating precision oncology, in the sense of improved diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning of cancer.

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Image Processing Using Local Regularization: The Role of Optimization

IEICE ESS FUNDAMENTALS REVIEW ◽

10.1587/essfr.11.1_40 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 40-53

Author(s):

Keiichiro SHIRAI ◽

Tatsuya BABA ◽

Shunsuke ONO ◽

Masahiro OKUDA

Keyword(s):

Image Processing ◽

Local Regularization

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Medical imaging case study: the rôle of colour image processing in the metrics of wound healing

The Colour Image Processing Handbook ◽

10.1007/978-1-4615-5779-1_16 ◽

1998 ◽

pp. 358-376

Author(s):

Bryan F. Jones ◽

Peter Plassmann

Keyword(s):

Image Processing ◽

Wound Healing ◽

Medical Imaging ◽

Colour Image ◽

Colour Image Processing

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Inhibitory control and problematic Internet-pornography use – The important balancing role of the insula

Journal of Behavioral Addictions ◽

10.1556/2006.2020.00010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 58-70

Author(s):

Stephanie Antons ◽

Brand Matthias

Keyword(s):

Image Processing ◽

Inhibitory Control ◽

Symptom Severity ◽

Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽

Dual Process ◽

Stop Signal Task ◽

Addictive Behaviors ◽

Control Performance ◽

Internet Pornography

Abstract Background and aims Diminished control over a specific behavior is a core characteristic in addictive behaviors such as problematic Internet-pornography (IP) use. First studies suggest that a hyperactivity of the impulsive system is one reason for impulsive behaviors in the context of problematic IP use. The tripartite-process theory of addiction explains neurocognitive mechanisms beyond common dual-process theories in addictive behaviors. However, the role of the reflective and interoceptive system is still unresolved. Methods The study comprised a stop-signal task (SST) including neutral and pornographic images during fMRI and questionnaires to investigate associations between symptoms of problematic IP use, craving, and neural activity of the impulsive, reflective, and interoceptive system. We examined 28 heterosexual males with varying symptom severity of problematic IP use. Results Data indicates that individuals with more symptoms of problematic IP use showed better performance in the SST which was linked to decreased insula and inferior frontal gyrus activity during pornographic image processing. An increase in craving was associated with lower activity of the ventral striatum during pornographic image processing. The interoceptive system showed varying effects. Increased insula activity during inhibitory control and decreased activity during pornographic image processing were associated with higher inhibitory control performance. Discussion and Conclusion Effects of tolerance and motivational aspects may explain the better inhibitory control performance in individuals with higher symptom severity which was associated with differential activity of the interoceptive and reflective system. Diminished control over IP use presumably results from the interaction between the impulsive, reflective, and interoceptive systems.

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IVUS Image Processing Methodologies

Image Processing ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-3994-2.ch033 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 639-657

Author(s):

Antonis A. Sakellarios ◽

Christos V. Bourantas ◽

Lambros S. Athanasiou ◽

Dimitrios I. Fotiadis ◽

Lampros K. Michalis

Keyword(s):

Image Processing ◽

Vessel Wall ◽

Regions Of Interest ◽

Manual Segmentation ◽

Arterial Lumen ◽

Ivus Image ◽

Processing Techniques ◽

Automated Methods

Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) is an invasive imaging technique that allows detailed visualization of the arterial lumen and outer vessel wall and permits characterization of the type of the plaque and quantification of its burden. Traditionally IVUS processing was performed manually. However, it became apparent that manual segmentation is time consuming, and the obtained results depend on the experience of the operators. To overcome these limitations and enhance the role of IVUS in clinical practice and research, several (semi-) automated methods have been developed that expedite detection of the regions of interest and/or characterization of the type of the plaque. In this chapter we review the available IVUS processing techniques and present the developed commercial solutions for IVUS segmentation and plaque characterization.

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What is the role of ultrasound in fracture management?

Bone and Joint Research ◽

10.1302/2046-3758.87.bjr-2018-0215.r2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 304-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. A. Nicholson ◽

S. T. J. Tsang ◽

T. J. MacGillivray ◽

F. Perks ◽

A. H. R. W. Simpson

Keyword(s):

Image Processing ◽

Fracture Healing ◽

Bone Fractures ◽

Therapeutic Ultrasound ◽

Long Bone ◽

Future Application ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Potential Clinical Benefit ◽

Fracture Management

Objectives The aim of this study was to review the current evidence and future application for the role of diagnostic and therapeutic ultrasound in fracture management. Methods A review of relevant literature was undertaken, including articles indexed in PubMed with keywords “ultrasound” or “sonography” combined with “diagnosis”, “fracture healing”, “impaired fracture healing”, “nonunion”, “microbiology”, and “fracture-related infection”. Results The use of ultrasound in musculoskeletal medicine has expanded rapidly over the last two decades, but the diagnostic use in fracture management is not routinely practised. Early studies have shown the potential of ultrasound as a valid alternative to radiographs to diagnose common paediatric fractures, to detect occult injuries in adults, and for rapid detection of long bone fractures in the resuscitation setting. Ultrasound has also been shown to be advantageous in the early identification of impaired fracture healing; with the advent of 3D image processing, there is potential for wider adoption. Detection of implant-related infection can be improved by ultrasound mediated sonication of microbiology samples. The use of therapeutic ultrasound to promote union in the management of acute fractures is currently a controversial topic. However, there is strong in vitro evidence that ultrasound can stimulate a biological effect with potential clinical benefit in established nonunions, which supports the need for further investigation. Conclusion Modern ultrasound image processing has the potential to replace traditional imaging modalities in several areas of trauma practice, particularly in the early prediction of impaired fracture healing. Further understanding of the therapeutic application of ultrasound is required to understand and identify the use in promoting fracture healing. Cite this article: J. A. Nicholson, S. T. J. Tsang, T. J. MacGillivray, F. Perks, A. H. R. W. Simpson. What is the role of ultrasound in fracture management? Diagnosis and therapeutic potential for fractures, delayed unions, and fracture-related infection. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:304–312. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.87.BJR-2018-0215.R2.

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The possible role of high-frequency waves in heating solar coronal loops

The Astrophysical Journal ◽

10.1086/174831 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 435 ◽

pp. 502 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Lisa J. Porter ◽

James A. Klimchuk ◽

Peter A. Sturrock

Keyword(s):

High Frequency ◽

Coronal Loops ◽

High Frequency Waves ◽

Solar Coronal

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Experimental study of particle concentration fluctuations in a turbulent steady flow

Annals of Glaciology ◽

10.3189/172756408787814780 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 121-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

François-Xavier Cierco ◽

Mohamed Naaim ◽

Florence Naaim-Bouvet

Keyword(s):

Image Processing ◽

Experimental Study ◽

High Speed ◽

Particle Concentration ◽

Free Stream ◽

Frequency Range ◽

Wind Tunnel Experiments ◽

Simple Theoretical Model ◽

Over Time

AbstractSpecific features of the physics of blown sand and PVC particles were investigated in wind-tunnel experiments. The fluctuations in particle concentration over time were derived from image processing of high-speed films (500 Hz). Spectral analysis of these time series showed a slowly decreasing slope within a frequency range that could be larger than the inertial sub-range of the free stream. A specific transport regime also appears in the lower part of the flow for frequencies less than 10 Hz. The role of turbulence in the generation of this regime is discussed using a simple theoretical model able to describe the aerodynamic behavior of a particle.

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