Basque Fisheries in Eastern Canada, a Special Case of Cultural Encounter in the Colonizing of North America

2014 ◽  
pp. 239-256
Author(s):  
Sergio Escribano-Ruiz ◽  
Agustín Azkarate
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Cultural Encounter ◽  
Special Case

Trend analysis of fire season length and extreme fire weather in North America between 1979 and 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyush Jain ◽  
Xianli Wang ◽  
Mike D. Flannigan
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Fire Season ◽  
Fire Weather ◽  
Season Length ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Reanalysis Dataset ◽  
Fire Weather Index ◽  
Extreme Fire

We have constructed a fire weather climatology over North America from 1979 to 2015 using the North American Regional Reanalysis dataset and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI) System. We tested for the presence of trends in potential fire season length, based on a meteorological definition, and extreme fire weather using the non-parametric Theil–Sen slope estimator and Mann–Kendall test. Applying field significance testing (i.e. joint significance of multiple tests) allowed the identification of the locations of significant trends, taking into account spatial correlations. Fire season length was found to be increasing over large areas of North America, especially in eastern Canada and the south-western US, which is consistent with a later fire season end and an earlier fire season start. Both positive and negative trends in potential fire spread days and the 99th percentile of FWI occurred in Canada and the contiguous United States, although the trends of largest magnitude and statistical significance were mostly positive. In contrast, the proportion of trends with significant decreases in these variables were much lower, indicating an overall increase in extreme fire weather. The smaller proportion of significant positive trends found over Canada reflects the truncation of the time series, necessary because assimilation of precipitation observations over Canada ceased in the reanalysis post-2002.

Conodonts as biostratigraphic tools for redefinition and correlation of the Cambrian–Ordovician Boundary

1988 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Miller
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Boundary Point ◽  
Outer Part ◽  
Head Group ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Green Point ◽  
Hierarchical Arrangement ◽  
Stratotype Section ◽  
Evolutionary Lineages ◽  
Zones And Subzones

AbstractThe Cambrian–Ordovician Boundary is recognized at different horizons on various continents by utilizing several fossil groups. Conodonts are abundant, diverse, and less provincial and facies-controlled than other fossils in this interval; many species are widespread and some are cosmopolitan. Strata representing the Cambrian–Ordovician Boundary interval from Asia, Australia, and North America can be correlated easily when those strata are from cratonal or shelf environments. Strata from slope facies have fewer conodonts, fewer taxa, and taxa may have different ranges compared with cratonal and shelf facies. It may be easier to correlate intercontinentally within cratonal/shelf facies than to correlate intracontinentally from cratonal/shelf facies to slope facies.A new hierarchical arrangement of conodont interval zones and subzones is proposed for western North America. These include the Proconodontus tenuiserratus Zone, the P. posterocostatus Zone (new), the P. muelleri Zone (new), the Eoconodontus Zone (new, with Eoconodontus notchpeakensis and Cambrooistodus minutus Subzones), the Cordylodus proavus Zone (emended, with Hirsutodontus hirsutus, Fryxellodontus inornatus, and Clavohamulus elongatus Subzones), the Cordylodus intermedius Zone (new, with Hirsutodontus simplex and Clavohamulus hintzei Subzones), the Cordylodus lindstromi Zone (new), and Cordylodus angulatus Zone (new).The boundary point for the base of the Ordovician System will be chosen so as to coincide with a correlatable conodont zonal boundary; other fossil groups will support correlation of this boundary point. Three alternative horizons are being considered. The base of the Cordylodus proavus Zone is the most distinctive but is regarded by some as older than is appropriate for the base of the Ordovician. The base of the Cordylodus intermedius Zone is recognizable by faunal changes in several evolutionary lineages at a level that is slightly younger than the presently recognized boundary in Australia, North America, and parts of Asia but slightly older than the base of the Tremadoc Series of Europe. The base of the C. lindstromi Zone can be recognized in most areas by the lowest occurrence of the nominate species, which is of questioned taxonomic validity and uncertain biostratigraphic utility; this horizon is closest to the base of the Tremadoc Series of Europe.Choice of a stratotype section has been narrowed to the Cow Head Group in Newfoundland, eastern Canada; and to the Fengshan and Yehli formations in Jilin Province, northeastern China. The Cow Head Group was deposited on and near the base of the continental slope. Erosion by debrisslide breccias resulted in a significant hiatus near the boundary interval in the Broom Point sections, a condition contrary to guidelines for choice of boundary sections. This may be less of a problem in other sections, such as Green Point. The Dayangcha section in China was deposited on the outer part of a continental shelf and has acritarchs, conodonts, graptolites and trilobites. Additional study of the China section is needed to document fully the ranges of critical conodont taxa.

scholarly journals Integrative taxonomy of Nearctic and Palaearctic Aleocharinae: new species, synonymies, and records (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1041 ◽  
pp. 27-99
Author(s):  
Adam J. Brunke ◽  
Mikko Pentinsaari ◽  
Jan Klimaszewski
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Rove Beetles ◽  
Adventive Species ◽  
The Status ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Holarctic Species

A long tradition of separate Nearctic and Palaearctic taxonomic studies of the diverse aleocharine rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) has obscured the recognition of Holarctic species and detection of adventive species in both regions. Recently, integrated study of the two regions through detailed morphological comparisons and development of an authoritatively identified DNA barcode reference library has revealed the degree to which these two aleocharine faunas are interconnected, both naturally and through human activity. Here this approach is adopted to recognize new species, reveal Holarctic species, and recognize adventive species in both North America and Europe. The following new species are described: Isoglossa triangularis Klimaszewski, Brunke & Pentinsaari, sp. nov. from British Columbia; Gnypeta impressicollis Klimaszewski, Brunke & Pentinsaari, sp. nov., from Ontario, Maryland and North Carolina; Aloconota pseudogregaria Klimaszewski, Brunke & Pentinsaari, sp. nov., from Ontario and Virginia; and Philhygra pseudolaevicollis Klimaszewski, Brunke & Pentinsaari, sp. nov. from eastern Canada. Dasygnypeta velata and Philhygra angusticauda are revealed to be Holarctic species, resulting in the following synonymies: Dasygnypeta velata (Erichson, 1839) = Gnypeta minuta Klimaszewski & Webster, 2008, syn. nov. and Philhygra angusticauda (Bernhauer, 1909) = Atheta (Philhygra) pinegensis Muona, 1983, syn. nov. The Nearctic species Hylota ochracea (and genus Hylota), Thecturota tenuissima, and Trichiusa robustula are newly reported from the Palaearctic region as adventive, resulting in the following synonymies: Hylota ochracea Casey, 1906 = Stichoglossa (Dexiogyia) forticornis Strand, 1939, syn. nov.; Thecturota tenuissima Casey, 1893 = Atheta marchii Dodero, 1922, syn. nov.; and Trichiusa robustula Casey, 1893 = T. immigrata Lohse, 1984, syn. nov. The Palaearctic species Amarochara forticornis, Anomognathus cuspidatus, Oligota pumilio, and Parocyusa rubicunda are newly confirmed from the Nearctic region as adventive, resulting in the following synonymies: Parocyusa rubicunda (Erichson, 1837) = Chilopora americana Casey, 1906, syn. nov. and Anomognathus cuspidatus (Erichson, 1839) = Thectura americana Casey, 1893, syn. nov. The genus Dasygnypeta, sensu nov. is newly reported from North America, Paradilacra is newly reported from eastern North America, and Haploglossa is newly reported from Canada, resulting in the following synonymy: Paradilacra densissima (Bernhauer, 1909) = Gnypeta saccharina Klimaszewski & Webster, 2008, syn. nov. Native Cyphea wallisi is newly reported from across Canada and C. curtula is removed from the Nearctic fauna. The status of both Gyrophaena affinis and Homalota plana is uncertain but these species are no longer considered to be adventive in North America. Three new combinations are proposed: Dasygnypeta baranowskii (Klimaszewski, 2020) and D. nigrella (LeConte, 1863) (both from Gnypeta) and Mocyta scopula (Casey, 1893) (from Acrotona). Dolosota Casey, 1910, syn. nov. (type species Eurypronota scopula Casey), currently a subgenus of Acrotona, is therefore synonymized with Mocyta Mulsant & Rey, 1874. Additionally, four new Canadian records and 18 new provincial and state records are reported.

scholarly journals Do Barrow's Goldeneyes, Bucephala islandica, Breed South of the St. Lawrence Estuary in the Gaspé Peninsula, Eastern Canada?

2010 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Jean-François Ouellet ◽  
Pierre Fradette ◽  
Isabel Blouin
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
North Shore ◽  
The North ◽  
Bucephala Islandica ◽  
St Lawrence Estuary

We report the first observations of Barrow's Goldeneyes south of the St. Lawrence estuary in typical breeding habitat during the breeding season. Until recently, the confirmed breeding locations for the species in Eastern North America were all located on the north shore of the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence.

scholarly journals Link to the Land and Mino-Pimatisiwin (Comprehensive Health) of Indigenous People Living in Urban Areas in Eastern Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Landry ◽  
Asselin ◽  
Lévesque
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Comprehensive Health

Mino-pimatisiwin is a comprehensive health philosophy shared by several Indigenous peoples in North America. As the link to the land is a key element of mino-pimatisiwin, our aim was to determine if Indigenous people living in urban areas can reach mino-pimatisiwin. We show that Indigenous people living in urban areas develop particular ways to maintain their link to the land, notably by embracing broader views of “land” (including urban areas) and “community” (including members of different Indigenous peoples). Access to the bush and relations with family and friends are necessary to fully experience mino-pimatisiwin. Culturally safe places are needed in urban areas, where knowledge and practices can be shared, contributing to identity safeguarding. There is a three-way equilibrium between bush, community, and city; and mobility between these places is key to maintaining the balance at the heart of mino-pimatisiwin.

scholarly journals THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 77.Veratrum viride Ait.

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
GERALD A. MULLIGAN ◽  
DEREK B. MUNRO
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
The West ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Herbaceous Perennial

This paper provides a summary of biological data on Veratrum viride Ait., false hellebore. It is a herbaceous perennial, native to wet habitats in North America. Subspecies viride occurs primarily in eastern Canada and subspecies eschscholtzii (A. Gray) Löve and Löve in the west. Both subspecies have the chromosome number of n = 16, 2n = 32. Ingested material of false hellebore is poisonous to humans and livestock.Key words: False hellebore, Veratrum viride Ait., weed biology

scholarly journals Molecular evidence for multiple introductions of the banded grove snail (Cepaea nemoralis) in North America

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.K.S. Layton ◽  
C.P.K. Warne ◽  
A. Nicolai ◽  
A. Ansart ◽  
J.R. deWaard
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Multiple Introductions ◽  
Cepaea Nemoralis ◽  
Haplotype Networks ◽  
Base Pair Fragment

Global identification and monitoring programs for invasive species aim to reduce imminent impacts to biodiversity, ecosystem services, agriculture, and human health. This study employs a 658 base pair fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene to identify and categorize clades of the banded grove snail (Cepaea nemoralis (Linnaeus, 1758)) from native (European) and introduced (North American) ranges using a maximum-likelihood phylogeny and haplotype networks. This work corroborates the existence of eight clades within C. nemoralis and further identified three clades that were common to both Europe and North America (A, D, O). Clades A and D were found in eastern Canada, Ontario (Canada), and British Columbia (Canada), whereas clade O was restricted to Ontario, possibly introduced from Poland or central Europe. Haplotype networks suggest clade A was introduced from northern Europe, whereas clade D was introduced from western and central Europe. Networks contained many private haplotypes and a lack of haplotype sharing, suggesting strong genetic structure in this system, possibly resulting from reduced dispersal in this species. This study describes the contemporary distribution of C. nemoralis in Canada and demonstrates the efficacy of DNA barcoding for monitoring the spread of invasive species, warranting its widespread adoption in management policies.

Additions to the Polychaete Fauna of Canada, with Comments on Some Older Records

1954 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Berkeley ◽  
C. Berkeley
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
New Variety ◽  
The Pacific

Descriptions are given of the new genera Neopygospio (type N. laminifera, nov.) and Novobranchus (type N. pacificus, nov.); of the new species Nereis (Eunereis) wailesi, Spio butleri, Neopygospio laminifera, Novobranchus pacificus; and of the new variety pacificus of Distylia volutacornis (Montagu). All are from the Pacific coast of Canada. Synonymy is proposed of Lepidonotus caelorus Moore with L. squamatus (Linné), and of Goniada eximia Ehlers with Ophioglycera gigantea Verrill. In addition to the new species and variety, records of three species new to western Canada are presented, and notes on others. Thirteen species and a variety new to eastern Canada are recorded, one of them new to North America.

Occurrence and significance of Silurian K-bentonite beds at Arisaig, Nova Scotia, eastern Canada

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1630-1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stig M. Bergström ◽  
Warren D. Huff ◽  
Dennis R. Kolata ◽  
Michael J. Melchin
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
North America ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Calc Alkaline ◽  
The South ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Critical Information ◽  
Plate Margin ◽  
Alkaline Magmas

The most extensive succession of K-bentonite beds known in the Silurian of North America occurs at Arisaig on the northern coast of Nova Scotia. At least 40 ash beds are present in the Llandoverian Ross Brook Formation and at least four in the early Ludlovian McAdam Brook Formation. Most of the beds are thin (< 5 cm), but one bed (the Smith Brook K-bentonite bed) in the late Llandoverian crenulata Zone and another (the McAdam Brook K-bentonite bed) in the early Ludlovian nilssoni Zone each reach a thickness of 20 cm. New graptolite collections provide critical information on the biostratigraphic position of the K-bentonite beds in the Ross Brook Formation. Geochemical data show that the Arisaig ash beds represent calc-alkaline magmas from plate margin, subduction-related volcanic vents. Differences in K-bentonite stratigraphic distribution, combined with paleogeographic considerations, suggest that the volcanoes were located much farther to the south in the Iapetus than the source volcanoes of the British–Baltoscandian Llandoverian K-bentonites.

A taxonomic reevaluation of North American Daphnia (Crustacea: Cladocera). III. The D. catawba complex

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 1254-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. N. Hebert ◽  
Terrie L. Finston
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
New England ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Cyclic Parthenogenesis ◽  
Forest Regions ◽  
Daphnia Catawba

Despite the importance of Daphnia in freshwater zooplankton assemblages, species boundaries in the genus are unclear. This study verifies the taxonomic validity of D. catawba by establishing its genetic divergence from other species of Daphnia that occur in eastern North America. In addition, it reveals the presence of a second, closely allied species, D. minnehaha, which had previously been placed in synonomy with D. pulex. Daphnia catawba and D. minnehaha share a preference for acidic habitats and are restricted to the deciduous and boreal forest regions of the eastern portion of the continent, where D. catawba is restricted to lakes, while D. minnehaha occurs in ponds. Both species reproduce by cyclic parthenogenesis and, based on the extent of their allozyme differentiation, last had a common ancestor more than 7 million years ago. Populations of D. minnehaha fall into two genetic clades; those from the Great Lakes watershed are morphologically divergent and have much lower levels of genotypic diversity than those from eastern Canada and the New England states.

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