Microbial Interactions in Smear-Ripened Cheeses

2014 ◽  
pp. 155-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Mounier
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Interactions

A peek in the micro-sized world: a review of design principles, engineering tools, and applications of engineered microbial community

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-409
Author(s):  
Baizhen Gao ◽  
Rushant Sabnis ◽  
Tommaso Costantini ◽  
Robert Jinkerson ◽  
Qing Sun
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
New Gene ◽  
Global Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
Synthetic Microbial Communities

Microbial communities drive diverse processes that impact nearly everything on this planet, from global biogeochemical cycles to human health. Harnessing the power of these microorganisms could provide solutions to many of the challenges that face society. However, naturally occurring microbial communities are not optimized for anthropogenic use. An emerging area of research is focusing on engineering synthetic microbial communities to carry out predefined functions. Microbial community engineers are applying design principles like top-down and bottom-up approaches to create synthetic microbial communities having a myriad of real-life applications in health care, disease prevention, and environmental remediation. Multiple genetic engineering tools and delivery approaches can be used to ‘knock-in' new gene functions into microbial communities. A systematic study of the microbial interactions, community assembling principles, and engineering tools are necessary for us to understand the microbial community and to better utilize them. Continued analysis and effort are required to further the current and potential applications of synthetic microbial communities.

CHARACTERIZATION OF FORMATION WATERS IN THE PARADOX BASIN TO CONSTRAIN PALEOFLUID FLOW AND WATER-ROCK-MICROBIAL INTERACTIONS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihyun Kim ◽  
◽  
Chandler Noyes ◽  
Ambria Dell'Oro ◽  
Rebecca Tyne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Paradox Basin

scholarly journals The Role of the Human Microbiome in Chemical Toxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason M. Koontz ◽  
Blair C. R. Dancy ◽  
Cassandra L. Horton ◽  
Jonathan D. Stallings ◽  
Valerie T. DiVito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
World Population ◽  
Toxic Exposure ◽  
Chemical Toxicity ◽  
Microbial Enzymes ◽  
Overwhelming Evidence

There is overwhelming evidence that the microbiome must be considered when evaluating the toxicity of chemicals. Disruption of the normal microbial flora is a known effect of toxic exposure, and these disruptions may lead to human health effects. In addition, the biotransformation of numerous compounds has been shown to be dependent on microbial enzymes, with the potential for different host health outcomes resulting from variations in the microbiome. Evidence suggests that such metabolism of environmental chemicals by enzymes from the host's microbiota can affect the toxicity of that chemical to the host. Chemical-microbial interactions can be categorized into two classes: Microbiome Modulation of Toxicity (MMT) and Toxicant Modulation of the Microbiome (TMM). MMT refers to transformation of a chemical by microbial enzymes or metabolites to modify the chemical in a way that makes it more or less toxic. TMM is a change in the microbiota that results from a chemical exposure. These changes span a large magnitude of effects and may vary from microbial gene regulation, to inhibition of a specific enzyme, to the death of the microbes. Certain microbiomes or microbiota may become associated with different health outcomes, such as resistance or susceptibility to exposure to certain toxic chemicals, the ability to recover following a chemical-induced injury, the presence of disease-associated phenotypes, and the effectiveness of immune responses. Future work in toxicology will require an understanding of how the microbiome interacts with toxicants to fully elucidate how a compound will affect a diverse, real-world population.

scholarly journals Characterisation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus VT1 and its effect on the growth of Candida maltosa YP1

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 272-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Liptáková ◽  
Ľ. Valík ◽  
A. Lauková ◽  
V. Strompfová
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Candida Maltosa ◽  
Food Protection ◽  
Spoilage Yeast ◽  
Standard Response

The combined effect of initial amount of 18 h <i>L. rhamnosus</i> VT1 inoculum and incubation temperature on the growth of <i>Candida maltosa</i> YP1, an oxidative food spoilage yeast strain, was primarily modelled and studied by standard response surface methodology. This study resulted in the following linear regression equations characterising lag time and growth rate of <i>C. maltosa</i> YP1 in milk in competition with the potentially protective lactobacillus strain. Lag-phase of <i>C. maltosa</i> was strongly influenced by the amount of lactobacillus inoculum (<i>V</i><sub>0</sub>) and incubation temperature (1/<i>T</i>). The synergic effect of both these factors was also evident as results from the equation lag = –33.50 + 186.38 × <i>V</i><sub>0</sub> × 1/<i>T</i> + 512.27 × 1/<i>T</i> – 5.511 × <i>V</i><sub>0</sub> (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup><sub>(λ)</sub> = 0.849). The growth rate was sufficiently described by the linear relation: <i>Gr</i><sub>Cm</sub> = –0.00046 + 0.0033 × <i>T</i> – 0.0016 × <i>V</i><sub>0 (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup><sub>(Gr)</sub> = 0.847). On the basis of these equations, the mutual microbial interactions and the potential application of the lactobacillus strains to food protection are discussed.

scholarly journals Identification of a New Antimicrobial, Desertomycin H, Utilizing a Modified Crowded Plate Technique

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 424
Author(s):  
Osama G. Mohamed ◽  
Sadaf Dorandish ◽  
Rebecca Lindow ◽  
Megan Steltz ◽  
Ifrah Shoukat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Data ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Clusters ◽  
Plate Technique

The antibiotic-resistant bacteria-associated infections are a major global healthcare threat. New classes of antimicrobial compounds are urgently needed as the frequency of infections caused by multidrug-resistant microbes continues to rise. Recent metagenomic data have demonstrated that there is still biosynthetic potential encoded in but transcriptionally silent in cultivatable bacterial genomes. However, the culture conditions required to identify and express silent biosynthetic gene clusters that yield natural products with antimicrobial activity are largely unknown. Here, we describe a new antibiotic discovery scheme, dubbed the modified crowded plate technique (mCPT), that utilizes complex microbial interactions to elicit antimicrobial production from otherwise silent biosynthetic gene clusters. Using the mCPT as part of the antibiotic crowdsourcing educational program Tiny Earth®, we isolated over 1400 antibiotic-producing microbes, including 62, showing activity against multidrug-resistant pathogens. The natural product extracts generated from six microbial isolates showed potent activity against vancomycin-intermediate resistant Staphylococcus aureus. We utilized a targeted approach that coupled mass spectrometry data with bioactivity, yielding a new macrolactone class of metabolite, desertomycin H. In this study, we successfully demonstrate a concept that significantly increased our ability to quickly and efficiently identify microbes capable of the silent antibiotic production.

scholarly journals Exogenous enzymes and probiotics alter digestion kinetics, volatile fatty acid content and microbial interactions in the gut of Nile tilapia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roel M. Maas ◽  
Yale Deng ◽  
Yueming Dersjant-Li ◽  
Jules Petit ◽  
Marc C. J. Verdegem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Exogenous Enzymes ◽  
Digestion Kinetics

AbstractSustainable aquafeed production requires fishmeal replacement, leading to an increasing use of plant-derived ingredients. As a consequence, higher levels of antinutritional substances, such as non-starch polysaccharides and phytate, are present in aquafeeds, with negative effects on fish performance, nutrient digestibility and overall gut health. To alleviate these negative effects, providing exogenous digestive enzymes and/or probiotics can be an effective solution. In this study, we tested the effect of dietary supplementation of enzymes (phytase and xylanase) and probiotics (three strains of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) on nutrient digestion kinetics and volatile fatty acid content along the gut, and the distal gut microbiome diversity in Nile tilapia. Chyme volatile fatty content was increased with probiotic supplementation in the proximal gut, while lactate content, measured for the first time in vivo in fish, decreased with enzymes along the gut. Enzyme supplementation enhanced crude protein, Ca and P digestibility in proximal and middle gut. Enzymes and probiotics supplementation enhanced microbial interactions as shown by network analysis, while increased the abundance of lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus species. Such results suggest that supplementation with exogenous enzymes and probiotics increases nutrient availability, while at the same time benefits gut health and contributes to a more stable microbiome environment.

Microbial Interactions in Pollution Control Ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qidong Yin ◽  
Zhaolu Feng ◽  
Yuansheng Hu ◽  
Xinmin Zhan ◽  
Guangxue Wu
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Microbial Interactions
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