Multinomial Regression for Outcome Categories (55 Patients)

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the implementation of stay-at-home and lockdown measures. It is currently unknown if the experience of lockdown leads to long term changes in individual’s eating behaviors.Objective: The objectives of this study were: i) to derive longitudinal trajectories of change in eating during UK lockdown, and ii) to identify risk factors associated with eating behavior trajectories. Design: Data from 22,374 UK adults from the UCL COVID-19 Social study (a panel study collecting weekly data during the pandemic) were analyzed from 28th March to 29th May 2020. Latent Class Growth Analysis was used to derive trajectories of change in eating. These were then associated with prior socio-economic, heath-related and psychological factors using multinomial regression models. Results: Analyses suggested five trajectories, with the majority (64%) showing no change in eating. In contrast, one trajectory was marked by persistently eating more, whereas another by persistently eating less. Overall, participants with greater depressive symptoms were more likely to report any change in eating. Loneliness was linked to persistently eating more (OR= 1.07), whereas being single or divorced, as well as stressful life events, were associated with consistently eating less (OR= 1.69). Overall, higher education status was linked to lower odds of changing eating behavior (OR= 0.54-0.77). Secondary exploratory analyses suggest that participants self-reported to have overweight were most common amongst the consistently overeaters, whereas underweight participants persistently ate less. Conclusion: In this study, we found that one third of the sample report changes in quantities eaten throughout the first UK lockdown period. Findings highlight the importance of adjusting public health programs to support eating behaviors in future lockdowns both in this and potential future pandemics. This is particularly important as part of on-going preventive efforts to prevent nutrition-related chronic diseases.

Download Full-text

Exploring polypharmacy phenomenon in newly diagnosed relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: a cohort ambispective single-centre study

Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease ◽

10.1177/2040622320983121 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 204062232098312

Author(s):

Aurora Zanghì ◽

Emanuele D’Amico ◽

Salvatore Lo Fermo ◽

Francesco Patti

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Age At Onset ◽

Rank Test ◽

Multinomial Regression ◽

Single Centre ◽

Centre Study ◽

Relapsing Remitting ◽

Single Centre Study ◽

Remitting Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Aims: We aimed to examine the frequency of polypharmacy in a large cohort of patients at the time of diagnosis of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and to explore its effects on discontinuation of first disease-modifying treatment (DMT) using survival analysis. Methods: This was a cohort ambispective single-centre study. We enrolled RRMS patients starting their first DMT between 1st January 2013 and 31st December 2015. According to the number of medicines prescribed (except DMTs), we divided the patients into three groups: no-poly RRMS, minor-poly RRMS (from one to three medications), and major-poly RRMS (more than three medications). Results: A total of 392 RRMS patients were enrolled (mean age 41.1). The minor-poly RRMS group included 61 patients (15.6%) and the major-poly RRMS group included 112 (28.6%). Individuals in these groups were older and had higher median body mass index (BMI) than patients in the no-poly RRMS group ( p < 0.05). Upon multinomial regression analysis, older age at onset was associated with minor and major polypharmacy (OR 1.050, CI 1.010–1.093, p = 0.015 and OR 1.063, CI 1.026–1.101, p = 0.001, respectively) and higher BMI was associated with major polypharmacy (OR 1.186, CI 1.18–1.29, p = 0.001). The rates of discontinuation of first DMT were similar among the three groups (50.7% for no-Poly RRMS, 50.8% for minor-Poly RRMS, and 53.3% for major-Poly RRMS, p = 0.264). At log-Rank test, there were no differences among the three groups ( p = 0.834). Conclusion: Polypharmacy was more common in older RRMS patients with high BMI.

Download Full-text

Process of Work Disability: From Determinants of Sickness Absence Trajectories to Disability Retirement in A Long-Term Follow-Up of Municipal Employees

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18052614 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 2614

Author(s):

Päivi Leino-Arjas ◽

Jorma Seitsamo ◽

Clas-Håkan Nygård ◽

Prakash K.C. ◽

Subas Neupane

Keyword(s):

Working Conditions ◽

Work Disability ◽

Disability Pension ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Respiratory Morbidity ◽

Multinomial Regression ◽

Permanent Disability ◽

Municipal Employees ◽

Exercise Effect ◽

Knowledge Intensive

Work disability may originate early during work history and involve sickness absences (SA) and eventually permanent disability. We studied this process over 15 years. Questionnaire data collected in 1981 on health, working conditions, and lifestyle of Finnish municipal employees aged 44–58 years (n = 6257) were linked with registers on SA (≥10 workdays), disability pension, and death from the period 1986–1995. Trajectory analysis was used to assess development in SA (days/year) over 5 years (1981–1985). We analyzed determinants of the trajectories with multinomial regression, while trajectory membership was used as a predictor of disability pension (DP) during the subsequent 10 years in survival analysis. Three SA trajectories emerged: increasing (women: 6.8%; men: 10.2%), moderate (21.2%; 22.7%), and low. In a mutually adjusted model, the increasing trajectory in women was associated with baseline musculoskeletal (MSD), mental and respiratory disorders, injuries, obesity, sleep problems, and low exercise (effect sizes OR > 2), and in men with MSD, sleep problems, smoking, low exercise, and non-satisfaction with management. The moderate trajectory associated with MSD, ‘other somatic disorders’, sleep problems, and awkward work postures in both genders; in women, also overweight, cardiovascular and respiratory morbidity, and (inversely) knowledge-intensive work, and in men, smoking and mental disorders were thus associated. Ten-year risks of DP contrasting increasing vs. low SA were more than 10-fold in both genders and contrasting moderate vs. low SA 3-fold in women and 2-fold in men. These findings emphasize the need for early identification of workers with short-term problems of work ability and interventions regarding lifestyle, health, and working conditions, to help prevent permanent disability.

Download Full-text

The Effects of Religion and Modernization on Egyptian Women’s IPV Attitudes

Violence Against Women ◽

10.1177/1077801220978802 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 107780122097880

Author(s):

Golshan Golriz ◽

Skye Miner

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Latent Class ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Wife Beating ◽

Multinomial Regression ◽

The Relationship

This article uses the 2008 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey to explore the relationship between religion and women’s attitudes toward intimate partner violence (IPV). It also asks whether modernization, as measured by having a higher education or living in an urban area, can mediate or moderate this relationship. Using latent class analysis to create categories of women’s wife-beating attitudes, and multinomial regression to explore the relationship between religion, education, and urbanity, we find no significant relationship between being Muslim and justifying wife beating. Our data further suggest that neither education nor urbanity mediate or moderate this relationship.

Download Full-text

Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9030300 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 300

Author(s):

Patricia Soares ◽

João Victor Rocha ◽

Marta Moniz ◽

Ana Gama ◽

Pedro Almeida Laires ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Multinomial Regression ◽

Community Based ◽

Safety And Efficacy ◽

Perceived Safety ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Health Authorities ◽

Flu Vaccine ◽

Release Of Information

It is critical to develop tailored strategies to increase acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine and decrease hesitancy. Hence, this study aims to assess and identify factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Portugal. We used data from a community-based survey, “COVID-19 Barometer: Social Opinion”, which includes data regarding intention to take COVID-19 vaccines, health status, and risk perception in Portugal from September 2020 to January 2021. We used multinomial regression to identify factors associated with intention to delay or refuse to take COVID-19 vaccines. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Portugal was high: 56% would wait and 9% refuse. Several factors were associated with both refusal and delay: being younger, loss of income during the pandemic, no intention of taking the flu vaccine, low confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine and the health service response during the pandemic, worse perception of government measures, perception of the information provided as inconsistent and contradictory, and answering the questionnaire before the release of information regarding the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. It is crucial to build confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine as its perceived safety and efficacy were strongly associated with intention to take the vaccine. Governments and health authorities should improve communication and increase trust.

Download Full-text

Modal verbs of strong obligation in Scottish Standard English

English Language and Linguistics ◽

10.1017/s1360674321000071 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-27

Author(s):

OLE SCHÜTZLER ◽

JENNY HERZKY

Keyword(s):

General Pattern ◽

Standard English ◽

Multinomial Regression ◽

Internal Factors ◽

Mixed Effect ◽

Modal Verbs ◽

Grammatical Subject ◽

Multinomial Regression Model ◽

Third Person ◽

Mode Of Production

This article investigates differences between Scottish Standard English (SSE) and Southern British Standard English (SBSE) in the semantic domain of strong obligation. Focusing on the modal verbs must, have to, need to and (have) got to, we use new corpus material from nineteen written and spoken genres in the Scottish component of the International Corpus of English (ICE-SCO) and corresponding texts from ICE-GB. Data are analysed using a mixed-effect multinomial regression model to predict the choice of verb. Language-internal factors include mode of production (written/spoken), grammatical subject (first/second/third person) and source of obligation (objective/subjective). Our results show that, as previous research suggests, SSE is much more likely to employ need to for the expression of strong obligation, and less likely to employ must and (have) got to. This general pattern remains essentially unaffected by language-internal factors. To account for our findings, we draw on the sociologically motivated process of democratisation and the language-internal process of grammaticalisation.

Download Full-text

FRI0032 REGIONAL AND WIDESPREAD PATTERNS OF NON-ARTICULAR PAIN ARE COMMON AT RA DIAGNOSIS AND CONTRIBUTE TO POOR OUTCOMES AT 12 MONTHS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF PAIN PATTERNS IN CANADIANS WITH RA

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.3902 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 589-590

Author(s):

V. Bykerk ◽

O. Schieir ◽

M. F. Valois ◽

L. Bessette ◽

G. Boire ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Initial Therapy ◽

Multinomial Regression ◽

Research Support ◽

Clinical Nurse ◽

Early Ra ◽

Nurse Consultant ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Poor Outcomes ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Articular Pain

Background:Persistent pain can occur in early RA patients, despite improvement in synovitis and may be due to coexisting non-articular pain (NAP). Though NAP is often attributed to fibromyalgia and widespread NAP, regional NAP syndromes may be more common and under-recognized.Objectives:To describe patterns of NAP, predictors of persistent NAP and impact on outcomes in the first year following early RA diagnosis.Methods:Data were from participants enrolled in the Canadian Early Arthritis Cohort (CATCH) between2017-2019who completed 0,6,12-month evaluations with patient-reported outcomes [PROs] and clinical data available. We used the McGill Body Pain Diagram (BPD) to classify patients as experiencing no NAP, regional (RP:1-2 regions) or widespread NAP (WP:3-5 regions). Multinomial regression was used to identify baseline predictors of persistent RP and WP at 12-months. Multi-adjusted GEE with linear and logit links were used to estimate time-varying associations of NAP patterns with outcomes updated at each time point.Results:Study included 421 participants: 66% were female, with a mean(sd) age 56 (14); 72% were seropositive and 90% were treated with MTX ± csDMARDs as initial therapy. NAP at baseline was common (55%), with majority (62%) reporting regional NAP. NAP prevalence was 33% at 12 months (Figure). Female sex and baseline depressive symptoms were independent predictors of widespread NAP at 12 months while poorer function and lack of early MTX treatment independently predicted regional NAP, at 12 mos. Regional and widespread NAP were associated with lower likelihood of remission in adjusted models that accounted for changes in NAP and remission over time (Table).Figure.Point prevalence of regional and widespread NAP at baseline, 6 and 12 months.Table .Results of Multi-Adjusted GEE Logistic Regression showing Regional and Widespread NAP is associated with a reduced likelihood of achieving Stringent Remission TargetsConclusion:NAP is commonly reported in early RA pts seen in real world settings. Regional NAP was more common than WSP at all time-points, but both NAP patterns were associated lower odds of achieving remission targets by 12 months. These data support considering the role of NAP when assessing RA treatment efficacy during clinical visits and warrant different treatment approaches to reduce symptoms in RA patients receiving target-based care.Disclosure of Interests:Vivian Bykerk: None declared, Orit Schieir: None declared, Marie-France Valois: None declared, Louis Bessette Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, UCB Pharma, Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, UCB Pharma, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, Gilles Boire Grant/research support from: Merck Canada (Registry of biologices, Improvement of comorbidity surveillance)Amgen Canada (CATCH, clinical nurse)Abbvie (CATCH, clinical nurse)Pfizer (CATCH, Registry of biologics, Clinical nurse)Hoffman-LaRoche (CATCH)UCB Canada (CATCH, Clinical nurse)BMS (CATCH, Clinical nurse, Observational Study Protocol IM101664. SEROPOSITIVITY IN A LARGE CANADIAN OBSERVATIONAL COHORT)Janssen (CATCH)Celgene (Clinical nurse)Eli Lilly (Registry of biologics, Clinical nurse), Consultant of: Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, Speakers bureau: Merck, BMS, Pfizer, Glen Hazlewood: None declared, Carol Hitchon Grant/research support from: UCB Canada; Pfizer Canada, Edward Keystone Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Inc, Gilead, Janssen Inc, Lilly Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi-Aventis, Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, AstraZeneca Pharma, Biotest, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Celltrion,Crescendo Bioscience, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Inc, Genentech Inc, Gilead, Janssen Inc, LillyPharmaceuticals, Merck, Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, Sandoz, UCB., Speakers bureau: Amgen, AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb Canada, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Janssen Inc., Merck, Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi Genzyme, UCB, Diane Tin: None declared, Carter Thorne Consultant of: Abbvie, Centocor, Janssen, Lilly, Medexus/Medac, Pfizer, Speakers bureau: Medexus/Medac, Janet Pope Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly & Company, Merck, Roche, Seattle Genetics, UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Actelion, Amgen, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eicos Sciences, Eli Lilly & Company, Emerald, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi, UCB, Speakers bureau: UCB, Susan J. Bartlett Consultant of: Pfizer, UCB, Lilly, Novartis, Merck, Janssen, Abbvie, Speakers bureau: Pfizer, UCB, Lilly, Novartis, Merck, Janssen, Abbvie

Download Full-text

Correction to: MicroBVS: Dirichlet-tree multinomial regression models with Bayesian variable selection - an R package

BMC Bioinformatics ◽

10.1186/s12859-020-03912-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Matthew D. Koslovsky ◽

Marina Vannucci

Keyword(s):

Variable Selection ◽

Regression Models ◽

R Package ◽

Bayesian Variable Selection ◽

Multinomial Regression

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Download Full-text

Longitudinal stent elongation or shortening after deployment in the coronary arteries: which is dominant?

The Egyptian Heart Journal ◽

10.1186/s43044-021-00170-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Magdy Algowhary ◽

Mohammed Aboel-Kassem F. Abdelmegid

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Intravascular Ultrasound ◽

Coronary Arteries ◽

Coronary Stents ◽

Multinomial Regression ◽

Stent Deployment ◽

Stent Length ◽

Multinomial Regression Analysis

Abstract Background Stent manufacturers always record stent shortening data while they do not record stent elongation data. The aim of this study is to identify both stent shortening and elongation occurring after deployment in the coronary arteries and know their percentage. Results The length of coronary stents was measured by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) by (1) edge-to-edge (E-E) length, measured from the appearance of the first distal strut to the last proximal strut, and (2) area-to-area (A-A) length, measured from the first distal struts seen at more than one IVUS quadrant to the last proximal struts seen at more than one IVUS quadrant. Stent shortening was defined as both E-E and A-A lengths were shorter than the manufacturer box-stated length (shortened group). Stent elongation was defined as both E-E and A-A lengths were longer than the manufacturer box-stated length (elongated group), otherwise unchanged group. Consecutive 102 stents deployed in ischemic patients were included. Stent elongation was detected in 67.6% (69 stents), and shortening was detected in 15.7% (16 stents), while unchanged stents were detected in 16.7% (17 stents). Although the 3 groups had similar box-stated length and predicted foreshortened length, they had significantly different measurements by IVUS, p<0.001 for each comparison. Differences from box-stated length were 1.9±1.4mm, −1.4±0.4mm, and 0.4±0.3mm, respectively, p<0.001. The elongated group had significantly longer differences from the corresponding box-stated and predicted foreshortened lengths, while the shortened group had significantly shorter differences from the corresponding box-stated length and similar foreshortened length. By multinomial regression analysis, the plaque-media area and stent deployment pressure were the independent predictors of the stent length groups, p=0.015 and p=0.026, respectively. Conclusions Change in stent length is not only shortening—as mentioned in the manufacturer documents—but also stent elongation. Stent elongation is dominant, and the most important predictors of longitudinal stent changes are plaque-media area and stent deployment pressure.

Download Full-text

Uptake of Childcare Arrangements—Grandparental Availability and Availability of Formal Childcare

Social Sciences ◽

10.3390/socsci10020050 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 50

Author(s):

Naomi Biegel ◽

Karel Neels ◽

Layla Van den Berg

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Informal Care ◽

Regression Models ◽

Local Level ◽

Formal Care ◽

Multinomial Regression ◽

Contextual Data ◽

Care Arrangement ◽

Combined Use ◽

Formal Childcare

Grandparents constitute an important source of childcare to many parents. Focusing on the Belgian context, this paper improves our understanding of childcare decision-making by investigating how formal childcare availability and availability of grandparents affect childcare arrangements. By means of multinomial regression models we simultaneously model uptake of formal and informal childcare by parents. Combining linked microdata from the Belgian censuses with contextual data on childcare at the level of municipalities, we consider formal childcare availability at a local level, while including a wide array of characteristics which may affect grandparental availability. Results indicate that increasing formal care crowds-out informal care as the sole care arrangement, whereas combined use of formal and informal care becomes more prevalent. Characteristics indicating a lack of grandmaternal availability increase uptake of formal care and inhibit to a lesser extent the uptake of combined formal and informal care. While increasing formal care substitutes informal care use, the lack of availability of informal care by grandparents may be problematic, particularly for those families most prone to use informal care.

Download Full-text