Extraction of Texture Primitive of the Iris Intestinal Loop

2015 ◽  
pp. 365-372
Author(s):  
Jing Huang ◽  
Weiqi Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Loop

scholarly journals Right-sided Bochdalek hernia in an adult with hepatic malformation and intestinal malrotation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Enomoto ◽  
Kazuhiko Yamada ◽  
Daiki Kato ◽  
Shusuke Yagi ◽  
Hitomi Wake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
3D Simulation ◽  
Diaphragmatic Defect ◽  
Intestinal Malrotation ◽  
Intestinal Loop ◽  
Bochdalek Hernia ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Bochdalek hernia is a common congenital diaphragmatic defect that usually manifests with cardiopulmonary insufficiency in neonates. It is very rare in adults, and symptomatic cases are mostly left-sided. Diaphragmatic defects generally warrant immediate surgical intervention to reduce the risk of incarceration or strangulation of the displaced viscera. Case presentation A 47-year-old woman presented with dyspnea on exertion. Computed tomography revealed that a large part of the intestinal loop with superior mesenteric vessels and the right kidney were displaced into the right thoracic cavity. Preoperative three-dimensional (3D) simulation software visualized detailed anatomy of displaced viscera and the precise location and size of the diaphragmatic defect. She underwent elective surgery after concomitant pulmonary hypertension was stabilized preoperatively. The laparotomic approach was adopted. Malformation of the liver and the presence of intestinal malrotation were confirmed during the operation. The distal part of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, and right kidney were reduced into the abdominal cavity consecutively. A large-sized oval defect was closed with monofilament polypropylene mesh. No complications occurred postoperatively. Conclusion Symptomatic right-sided Bochdalek hernia in adults is exceedingly rare and is frequently accompanied by various visceral anomalies. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate surgical repair are crucial to prevent possible incarceration or strangulation. The preoperative 3D simulation provided comprehensive information on anatomy and concomitant anomalies and helped surgeons plan the operation meticulously and perform procedures safely.

Effects of acute and chronic treatment with glucocorticoids on the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate and on plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in pigs

1985 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 553-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Fox ◽  
Richardus Ross ◽  
Anthony D. Care
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Intestinal Loop ◽  
Phosphate Absorption ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Proximal Small Intestine

1. We have used young pigs, each prepared surgically with a Thiry-Vella loop of proximal small intestine, to study the time course of changes in the intestinal absorption of calcium, phosphate, sodium, glucose and water and on the plasma levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D after treatment of the animals with glucocorticoids. 2. Perfusion of the intestinal loop for 6 h with a solution containing hydrocortisone or betamethasone was without effect on the absorption of calcium or phosphate. 3. The oral administration of betamethasone stimulated the absorption of calcium and phosphate by 15–20% for 2–3 days before the trend was reversed and absorption was progressively reduced. 4. Chronic treatment with betamethasone inhibited only the active component of calcium and phosphate absorption. 5. Treatment with betamethasone was associated with a sustained 25–50% increase, to a maximum by 2 days, in the absorption of sodium, glucose and water. 6. Plasma levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were reduced within 2 days of the start of treatment and reached a minimum (40–50% decrease) in 4–6 days. 7. We conclude that the initial stimulation of calcium and phosphate absorption is caused by the increased absorption of water. The long-term decrease in absorption may not be caused solely by the decreased circulating levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D since absorption continued to fall for several weeks after 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels had reached a minimum.

scholarly journals Performance of computed tomographic colonography for the screening of colorectal polyp in acromegalic patients: a prospective study

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odery Ramos Jr. ◽  
César Luiz Boguszewski ◽  
Sandra Teixeira ◽  
Ricardo De Bem ◽  
Benito Parolim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Virtual Colonoscopy ◽  
Colorectal Polyp ◽  
Colorectal Polyps ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Conventional Colonoscopy ◽  
Intestinal Loop ◽  
Computed Tomographic Colonography ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
A Prospective Study

CONTEXT: Acromegalic patients have better chances to develop colorectal polyps and cancer and, considered a high-risk group, need to undergo frequent screening examinations. Moreover, in acromegalia, the increased bowel length and the intestinal loop complexity can lead to higher levels of technical difficulties and increase the risks of complications at conventional colonoscopy. Computed tomographic colonography, also known as virtual colonoscopy, is an innovative and secure technology which is revolutionizing the diagnosis of colon and rectum neoplasias. OBJECTIVE: To analyze computed tomographic colonography performance for the screening of colorectal polyps in acromegalic patients. METHODS: A prospective study of 21 asymptomatic acromegalic patients, 12 male and 9 female, average age 49, who underwent computed tomographic colonography and conventional colonoscopy. Computed tomographic colonography was performed with a GE Helical Multislice Computed Tomography Apparatus. Conventional colonoscopy was performed in the same day, without previous knowledge of the computed tomographic colonography diagnostics. The study evaluated the capacity of computed tomographic colonography to detect patients with colorectal polyps and identify each colorectal lesion described by the colonoscopy. RESULTS: In two patients (2/21), conventional colonoscopy was incomplete. However, in all patients computed tomographic colonography was complete. In Phase I ("per patient"), computed tomographic colonography diagnosed eight of the nine patients with colorectal polyps and showed 88% sensitivity, 75% specificity and 81% accuracy. In Phase II ("per polyp"), out of the 21 acromegalic patients included in this study, 12 presented normal findings at conventional colonoscopy. A total of 19 polyps were identified in 9 patients. Ten of the 19 polyps were smaller than 10 mm, and 9 were equal to or larger than 10 mm. Computed tomographic colonography identified 7 of the 9 polyps >10 mm described by conventional colonoscopy and only 6 of the 10 small polyps identified at conventional colonoscopy were detected by computed tomographic colonography. The histological analysis of resected lesions revealed 12 tubular adenomas, 6 hyperplastic polyps and 1 colonic tubulo-villous adenoma with an adenocarcinoma focus. CONCLUSION: The authors present the first reports of computed tomographic colonography in the screening of colorectal polyps in acromegalic patients. In this study, computed tomographic colonography was performed without complications and a complete and safe colorectal evaluation was possible in all acromegalic patients. Moreover, computed tomographic colonography presented good sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for the identification of acromegalic patients with polyps of any size and better results in the diagnosis of large polyps, when they were compared to small polypoid lesions.

scholarly journals Mermaid syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 2104
Author(s):  
Nisha Marhatta ◽  
Deepali Raina
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Umbilical Artery ◽  
Renal Agenesis ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Congenital Deformity ◽  
Intestinal Loop ◽  
Single Umbilical Artery ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Mermaid Syndrome ◽  
The World

Sirenomelia, alternatively known as Mermaid Syndrome, is a very rare congenital deformity in which the legs are fused together, giving them the appearance of a mermaid's tail. This syndrome was originally stated by Rocheas and Palfya in 16th century. It occurs in about 1 in 100,000 live births. It is also associated with multiple anomalies like renal agenesis, ambiguous external genitalia, imperforate anus, blind intestinal loop and single umbilical artery. Occasionally double inferior Venacava, dextrocardia and angiomatous lumbosacral myelocystocele are reported as well. Most of the Sirenomelia come to an end as stillbirth. Only a few are born alive and survival beyond few hours after delivery is extremely rare. About 300 cases have been reported in the world literature so far.

scholarly journals Crohn’s disease complicated with a bladder-fistula – a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Pasternak ◽  
◽  
Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher ◽  
David Aebisher ◽  
Rafał Filip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Intestinal Loop ◽  
Ultrasound Computed Tomography ◽  
Bladder Fistula

Introduction. Entero-bladder fistula (fistula entero-vesicalis) is a pathological connection between the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract and the bladder. Entero-bladder fistulas are not a common condition. The main reason for the formation of entero- bladder fistulas are intestinal diseases occurring within the intestinal loop adjacent to the bladder resulting in the formation of an abnormal channel, the connection between the above structures Aim. The aim is to present the causes of the fistulas can be divided into congenital and acquired (intestinal infection, cancer, Crohn’s disease, resulting from trauma and iatrogenic). Clinical manifestations of the biliary-bullous fistulae may be from the digestive or urinary tract. The most characteristic ailments are pneumaturia, fecuria, urge to urinate, frequent urination, lower abdominal pain, hematuria, urinary tract infection. Description of the case. The article discusses the case of a patient with Leśniowski-Crohn disease complicated with a bladder- fistula. The treatment of entero-bladder fistulas is primarily surgical, it consists in resection of the fistula together with resection of the affected intestine and bladder wall fragment. Conclusion. The test confirming the presence of an entero-bladder fistula is a test with oral administration of poppies, although it happens that the test result may be negative, especially in the case of a bladder-follicular fistula. Among the tests useful in the diagnosis of entero-bladder fistula include abdominal ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, endoscopic tests (colonoscopy or cystoscopy).

scholarly journals Multi-Omics Approach Reveals the Potential Core Vaccine Targets for the Emerging Foodborne Pathogen Campylobacter jejuni

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hengchun Cao ◽  
Hanxiao Xu ◽  
Chunhui Ning ◽  
Li Xiang ◽  
Qiufang Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Intestinal Loop ◽  
Potential Core ◽  
New Vaccines

Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans around the world. The emergence of bacterial resistance is becoming more serious; therefore, development of new vaccines is considered to be an alternative strategy against drug-resistant pathogen. In this study, we investigated the pangenome of 173 C. jejuni strains and analyzed the phylogenesis and the virulence factor genes. In order to acquire a high-quality pangenome, genomic relatedness was firstly performed with average nucleotide identity (ANI) analyses, and an open pangenome of 8,041 gene families was obtained with the correct taxonomy genomes. Subsequently, the virulence property of the core genome was analyzed and 145 core virulence factor (VF) genes were obtained. Upon functional genomics and immunological analyses, five core VF proteins with high antigenicity were selected as potential core vaccine targets for humans. Furthermore, functional annotations indicated that these proteins are involved in important molecular functions and biological processes, such as adhesion, regulation, and secretion. In addition, transcriptome analysis in human cells and pig intestinal loop proved that these vaccine target genes are important in the virulence of C. jejuni in different hosts. Comprehensive pangenome and relevant animal experiments will facilitate discovering the potential core vaccine targets with improved efficiency in reverse vaccinology. Likewise, this study provided some insights into the genetic polymorphism and phylogeny of C. jejuni and discovered potential vaccine candidates for humans. Prospective development of new vaccines using the targets will be an alternative to the use of antibiotics and prevent the development of multidrug-resistant C. jejuni in humans and even other animals.

scholarly journals Mesalamine Reduces Intestinal ACE2 Expression Without Modifying SARS-CoV-2 Infection or Disease Severity in Mice.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Alvarado ◽  
Juhee Son ◽  
Larissa B. Thackray ◽  
Michael Diamond ◽  
Siyuan Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Entry ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratio ◽  
Intestinal Loop ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
Rna Levels

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing public health crisis that has sickened or precipitated death in millions. The etiologic agent of COVID-19, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), infects the intestinal epithelium, and can induce GI symptoms similar to the human inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). An international surveillance epidemiology study (SECURE-IBD) reported that the standardized mortality ratio trends higher in IBD patients (1.5-1.8) and that mesalamine/sulfasalazine therapy correlates with poor outcome. The goal of our study was to experimentally address the relationship between mesalamine and SARS-CoV-2 entry, replication, and/or pathogenesis. Methods: Viral infection was performed with a chimeric vesicular stomatitis virus expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and EGFP (VSV-SARS-CoV-2) and SARS-CoV-2 virus derived from an infectious cDNA clone of 2019n-CoV/USA_WA1/2020. Primary human ileal spheroids derived from healthy donors were grown as 3D spheroids or on 2D transwells. We assessed the effect of 10 mM mesalamine (Millipore Sigma) on viral RNA levels, as well as the expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor angiotensin II-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2), TMPRSS4, Cathepsin B (CTSB) and CTSL by qRT-PCR. 8-12 week old K18-ACE2 were treated orally with PBS or mesalamine at 200 mg/kg daily. Mice were inoculated intranasally with 1x10^3 FFU of SARS-CoV-2. Mice were weighed daily and viral titers were determined 7 days post infection (dpi) by qRT-PCR. For the intestinal viral entry model, VSV-SARS-CoV-2 was injected into a ligated intestinal loop of anesthetized K18-ACE2 mice and tissues were harvested 6 hours post-infection. Results: We found no change in viral RNA levels in human intestinal epithelial cells in response to mesalamine. Expression of ACE2 was reduced following mesalamine treatment in enteroids, while CTSL expression was increased. Mice receiving mesalamine lost weight at similar rates compared to mice receiving vehicle control. Mesalamine treatment did not change viral load in the lung, heart, or intestinal tissues harvested at 7 dpi. Pretreatment with mesalamine did not modulate intestinal entry of the chimeric VSV-SARS-CoV-2 in K18-ACE2 mice. Conclusions: Mesalamine did not alter viral entry, replication, or pathogenesis in vitro or in mouse models. Mesalamine treatment reduced expression of the viral receptor ACE2 while concurrently increasing CTSL expression in human ileum organoids.

scholarly journals Distribution of Domoic Acid in the Digestive Gland of the King Scallop Pecten maximus

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 371
Author(s):  
Juan Blanco ◽  
Aida Mauríz ◽  
Gonzalo Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Gland ◽  
Domoic Acid ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Intestinal Loop ◽  
Pecten Maximus ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Long Time

The king scallop Pecten maximus retains the amnesic shellfish poisoning toxin, domoic acid (DA), for a long time. Most of the toxin is accumulated in the digestive gland, but this organ contains several cell types whose contribution to the accumulation of the toxin is unknown. Determining the time-course of the depuration by analyzing whole organs is difficult because the inter-individual variability is high. A sampling method, using biopsies of the digestive gland, has been developed. This method allows for repetitive sampling of the same scallop, but the representativeness of the samples obtained in this way needs to be validated. In this work, we found that the distribution of DA in the digestive gland of the scallops is mostly homogeneous. Only the area closest to the gonad, and especially its outer portion, had a lower concentration than the other ones, probably due to a transfer of the toxin to the intestinal loop. Samples obtained by biopsies can therefore be considered to be representative. Most of the toxin was accumulated in large cells (mostly digestive cells), which could be due to differences during the toxin absorption or to the preferential depuration of the toxin from the small cells (mostly secretory).

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