Predictive and Descriptive Qualities of Different Classes of Models for Parallel Economic Development of Selected EU-Countries

Author(s):  
Jozef Komorník ◽  
Magdaléna Komorníková

Author(s):  
Valentina Diana Rusu ◽  
Angela Roman

Purpose – the purpose of this paper is to identify how entrepreneurs from European Union (EU) use informational and communicational technologies in their business activities. We also try to identify the benefits and the challenges arisen for the European entrepreneurs in using information technologies. Research methodology – we analyze a sample of EU countries, by including them into two groups, according to the stage of their economic development. As methods, we use the logical-constructive method and also comparative methods. We also use the benchmarking method in order to estimate country indicators in the sample and compare them. Findings – the results of our study emphasize that e-entrepreneurship in developed countries is more advanced compared to developing countries. There are also significant differences regarding the use of informational technologies between types of firms by their size. Research limitations – are given by the availability of data. Practical implications – we emphasize that in order to support the development of E-entrepreneurship in the EU, government policies should pay more attention to the development of information technology infrastructure. Originality/Value – comes from grouping the EU countries into two groups, according to their stage of economic development. And, comparing the two groups as regards the use of informational and communication technologies. Keywords: information technology, e-entrepreneurship, e-business, innovation, EU countries





Author(s):  
Viktor Kozlovskij

Economic development and socioeconomic cohesion have always been an object of scientific research. In particular, this issue had become a focus of attention after EU enlargement in 2004 and Great Recession in 2007–2009. The above changes have given way to a certain slowdown in economic growth in most EU countries along with triggering a range of divergence processes between EU countries and regions. As a response to situation, the EU offered a Europe 2020 strategy, in which smart growth was mentioned as one of critical instruments to deal with increasing menaces. The objective of the study is to evaluate the progress of the main smart growth indicators (investment in research and development (R&D), employment rate and share of population obtaining tertiary education) in the EU over the period 2001–2017 within the framework of the economic cohesion concept. The paper seeks to explore the EU from different perspectives. First, the EU new member states (EU-10) and the old ones (EU-14) were compared. Second, the EU countries were divided by economic development level (calculated by GDP per capita in PPP): highly developed (H-7), medium developed (M-7) and less developed (L-7) countries. Finally, aggregate cohesion indices of all three smart growth indicators were calculated for the entire EU (EU-28). The research findings have revealed some interesting trends. First, each smart growth indicator’s progress depends on countries’ economic development level. Aggregate values for more developed countries (EU-14, H-7 and G-3) are always higher than the EU average (EU-28) and aggregate values for less developed economies are basically lower. Second, cohesion progress of smart growth indicators was influenced by economic recession in 2007–2009. It is argued that cohesion is evident in times of economic growth, but its progress ceases or divergence might occur in case of economic hazards. However, despite the expanding cohesion between the new and the old member states, a gap between certain groups of countries is even growing. This is clearly evident when the EU member states are divided into groups subject to the level of their economic development.



2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Vyshnevskyi ◽  
Ihor Stashkevych ◽  
Olena Shubna ◽  
Svetlana Barkova

The article discusses the dynamics of economic development based on the level of digitalization of the countries. Economic development is evaluated through the dynamics of GDP changes. Digitalization level is evaluated through the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI), which is calculated on a regular basis by the European Commission. Object of study – 28 EU‑member countries. The hypothesis of the investigation: a high level of digitalization leads to an acceleration of economic growth on national level. This hypothesis did not find any statistically significant confirmation. Thus, we can conclude that the level of the economy digitalization at the present stage of development of technologies and institutions in the EU countries does not have a decisive effect on the rate of economic growth.



2021 ◽  
pp. 375-385
Author(s):  
RADAN KOSTIĆ ◽  
MILAN MIHAJLOVIĆ

Tax evasion and grey economy are present in all countries. It’s es-timated that grey economy in developed EU countries is at around 10-15% of GDP, while it amounts to over 30% of GDP in Serbia. Therefore the subject of this paper is determining basic goals of Serbia’s tax policy, i.e. combating grey economy that complicates efficient resource allocation and slows down economic development, because economic subjects that are prone to tax evasion represent disloyal competi-tion to economic subjects that do business legally. In order to fight tax evasion, or-ganization and work of tax administration are of special importance.



Author(s):  
Gratiela Georgiana Noja ◽  
Mirela Cristea ◽  
Nicoleta Sirghi ◽  
Camelia-Daniela Hategan ◽  
Paolo D’Anselmi

Good governance promotes the fundamental grounds of participation and democracy in contemporary public administration, whilst institution building and the (in)effectiveness of public administration is linked to economic growth. This synergy brings forth sheer implications on the sustainable economic development. On this composite setting, the paper examines several fundamental credentials of public administration in the European Union (EU) countries, in relation to economic development, but also poverty, research, and development support, as representative socio-economic credentials. The empirical analysis is based on data covering the 1995–2017 lapse of time, processed through three econometric procedures, namely robust regression, structural equation modeling, and Gaussian graphical models. The main results emphasize that there are significant joint implications of public administration on the considered socio-economic dimensions. General government spending and, particularly, the environmental support, have positive implications on the European Union economies, leading to significant increases in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and downsize in poverty risk (more emphasized in regard to the government expenditures than the environmental protection). Overall, the quality of governance in EU countries requires an additional effort dedicated to leverage good public governance in order to support the long-term economic development.



Pharmacia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Aelita Krychkovska ◽  
Natalia Zayarnyuk ◽  
Ivanna Lobur ◽  
Olena Khomenko ◽  
Oksana Lopatynska ◽  
...  

This article presents the results of the study of problematic issues of organisational-and-economic character concerning the provision of children with baby food products in Ukraine and European Union countries. It is established that the marketing feature of baby food products in Ukraine is its sales from pharmacies. It has been proved that the cost of baby food products in EU countries and in Ukraine have no price gradation depending on the degree of economic development of the country. The dynamics of development of the Ukrainian market of baby food products, as well as the dynamics of the cost of baby food products in Ukraine, depending on their dispensing place, have been analysed. It is established that the cost of baby food products is somewhat lower in pharmacies.



Author(s):  
Seyit Ali Erdogan ◽  
Andrej Naumčik

Investment in real estate is a zoning issue as the real estate market is closely related to economic development and trends in real estate market are considered to be indicators of trends in the whole economy of the country. The goal of this paper is to analyse the main aspects and considerations when investing in real estate, evaluate investment in real estate situation in different EU and non-EU countries and introduce MCDM methods that could be used for selecting a state for investment in real estate. It is identified that when investing in real estate various political, social, economic, environmental and other factors have to be taken into consideration. Analysed examples of EU (Lithuania, Romania, UK) and non-EU (Turkey, China, Russia) countries show different risks and opportunities for investments in real estate. MCDM methods are applicable to evaluate which countries are most attractive for investment in real estate. Described TOPSIS and ARAS methods could be used for assessing states as alternatives when selecting where to invest



2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (68) ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
O. Ganaza

The efficiency of the labor market functioning directly depends on a qualitative analysis of the existing structure of the labor force. The article presents the results of the analysis of the influence of the main trends in economic development on the structure of the labor force. The absolute changes and the share in the structure of the employed are calculated, which characterize the labor force of the EU countries and Russia. A comparative analysis of the existing relationships in the structure of the labor force of Russia and the EU countries is carried out. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that structural changes in the economy, acceleration of technological and social changes lead to a reduction in low-skilled employees, an increase in the group of highly qualified workers.



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