Estimation of the Body Segment Inertial Parameters for the Rigid Body Biomechanical Models Used in Motion Analysis

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaël Dumas ◽  
Janis Wojtusch
Keyword(s):  
Rigid Body ◽  
Motion Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Segment ◽  
Biomechanical Models ◽  
Inertial Parameters

Biomechanical Model Representing Energy Storing Prosthetic Feet

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francy L. Sinatra ◽  
Stephanie L. Carey ◽  
Rajiv Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Biomechanical Model ◽  
Body Segment ◽  
Prosthetic Foot ◽  
Biomechanical Models ◽  
Prosthetic Feet ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Lower Limb Amputees ◽  
Metabolic Information

Previous studies have been conducted to develop a biomechanical model for a human’s lower limb. Amongst them, there have been several studies trying to quantify the kinetics and kinematics of lower-limb amputees through motion analysis [5, 10, 11]. Currently, there are various designs for lower-limb prosthetic feet such as the Solid Ankle Cushion Heel (SACH) from Otto Bock (Minneapolis) or the Flex Foot from Ossur (California). The latter is a prosthetic foot that allows for flexibility while walking and running. Special interest has been placed in recording the capabilities of these energy-storing prosthetic feet. This has been done through the creation of biomechanical models with motion analysis. In these previous studies the foot has been modeled as a single rigid-body segment, creating difficulties when trying to calculate the power dissipated by the foot [5, 20, 21]. This project studies prosthetic feet with energy-storing capabilities. The purpose is to develop an effective way of calculating power by using a biomechanical model. This was accomplished by collecting biomechanical data using an eight camera VICON (Colorado) motion analysis system including two AMTI (BP-400600, Massachusetts) force plates. The marker set that was used, models the foot using several segments, hence mimicking the motion the foot undergoes and potentially leading to greater accuracy. By developing this new marker set, it will be possible to combine the kinematic and kinetic profile gathered from it with previous studies that determined metabolic information. This information will allow for the better quantification and comparison of the energy storage and return (ES AR) feet and perhaps the development of new designs.

scholarly journals High Resolution Determination of Body Segment Inertial Parameters and Their Variation Due to Soft Tissue Motion

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T.G. Pain ◽  
John H. Challis
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Muscular Contraction ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
The Body ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Body Segment ◽  
Inertial Parameters

This study had two purposes: to evaluate a new method for measuring segmental dimensions for determining body segment inertial parameters (BSIP), and to evaluate the changes in mass distribution within a limb as a consequence of muscular contraction. BSIP were calculated by obtaining surface data points of the body under investigation using a sonic digitizer, interpolating them into a regular grid, and then using Green’s theorem which relates surface to volume integrals. Four skilled operators measured a test object; the error was approximately 2.5% and repeatability was 1.4% (coefficient of variation) in the determination of BSIP. Six operators took repeat measures on human lower legs; coefficients of variation were typically around 5%, and 3% for the more skilled operators. Location of the center of mass of the lower leg was found to move up 1.7 cm proximally when the triceps surae muscles went from a relaxed state to causing plantar flexion. The force during an impact associated with such motion of the soft tissue of the lower leg was estimated to be up to 300 N. In summary, a new repeatable and accurate method for determining BSIP has been developed, and has been used to evaluate body segment mass redistribution due to muscular contraction.

scholarly journals Kinetics Analysis of Pelvis, Thorax, and Bowling Arm in Cricket Bowling

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 159-163
Author(s):  
Rene Ferdinands
Keyword(s):  
Rigid Body ◽  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Computer Model ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Kinetics Analysis ◽  
Lagrangian Multipliers ◽  
Cricket Bowling

ABSTRACT In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) dynamics model of the human body was developed to analyze the motion of fast bowling in cricket. Nine fast bowlers (22.4 ± 3.2 years) were selected from high-level regional cricket to bowl a series of balls at a target placed approximately on a ‘good length’ in line with the wickets, while their bowling actions were captured by a 10-camera 240 Hz motion analysis system (Motion Analysis Corp.). Motion analysis data were obtained from the tracked markers on the bowler strategically placed on the body to define a 3D joint coordinate system for each segment. Two Bertec force plates were used to measure the ground reaction forces. The resulting kinematic and force plate data of the fastest ball were fed into a computer model designed using the Mechanical Systems Pack (Wolfram Research, Inc., V. 5.2), a set of Mathematica packages written for the analysis of spatial rigid body mechanisms, implementing a dynamics formulation with Lagrangian multipliers. The computer model gave a 3D representation of the human body as a system of 15 rigid body segments with mass and inertia properties. Inverse solution dynamics were calculated to generalize certain fundamental aspects of the pelvis, thorax and bowling arm during fast bowling. How to cite this article Ferdinands R. Kinetics Analysis of Pelvis, Thorax, and Bowling Arm in Cricket Bowling. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2015;49(4):159-163.

scholarly journals Validation method for body-mounted sensor attachments

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Schmidt ◽  
David Hochmann
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Body Segment ◽  
Validation Method ◽  
Sensor Position ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
Soft Tissue Artifact

AbstractSmall sensor devices like inertial measurement units enable mobile movement and gait analysis, whereby existing systems differ in data acquisition, data processing, and gait parameter calculation. Concerning the validation, recent studies focus on the captured motion and the influence of sensor positioning with respect to the accuracy of the computed biomechanical parameters in comparison to a reference system. Although soft tissue artifact is a major source of error for skin-mounted sensors, there are no investigations regarding the relative movement between the body segment and sensor attachment itself. The aim of this study is to find an evaluation method and to determine parameters that allow the validation of various sensor attachment types and different sensor positionings. The analysis includes the comparison between an adhesive and strap attachment variant as well as the frontal and lateral sensor placement. To validate different attachments, an optical marker-based tracking system was used to measure the body segment and sensor position during movement. The distance between these two positions was calculated and analyzed to determine suitable validation parameters. Despite the exploratory research, the results suggest a feasible validation method to detect differences between the attachments, independent of the sensor type. To have representative and statistically validated results, further studies that involve more participants are necessary.

BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF THE STANDING LONG JUMP

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (05) ◽  
pp. 186-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
WEN-LAN WU ◽  
JIA-HROUNG WU ◽  
HWAI-TING LIN ◽  
GWO-JAW WANG
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Joint Angle ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Initial Angle ◽  
Knee Joint Angle ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Arm Motion

The purposes of the present study were to (1) investigate the effects of the arm movement and initial knee joint angle employed in standing long jump by the ground reaction force analysis and three-dimensional motion analysis; and (2) investigate how the jump performance of the female gender related to the body configuration. Thirty-four healthy adult females performed standing long jump on a force platform with full effort. Body segment and joint angles were analyzed by three-dimensional motion analysis system. Using kinetic and kinematic data, the trajectories on mass center of body, knee joint angle, magnitude of peak takeoff force, and impulse generation in preparing phase were calculated. Average standing long jump performances with free arm motion were +1.5 times above performance with restricted arm motion in both knee initial angles. The performances with knee 90° initial flexion were +1.2 times above performance with knee 45° initial flexion in free and restricted arm motions. Judging by trajectories of the center mass of body (COM), free arm motion improves jump distance by anterior displacement of the COM in starting position. The takeoff velocity with 90° knee initial angle was as much as 11% higher than in with 45° knee initial angle. However, the takeoff angles on the COM trajectory showed no significant differences between each other. It was found that starting jump from 90° bend knee relatively extended the time that the force is applied by the leg muscles. To compare the body configurations and the jumping scores, there were no significant correlations between jump scores and anthropometry data. The greater muscle mass or longer leg did not correlated well with the superior jumping performance.

The Global Motion of a Rigid Body Subject to Periodic Body-Fixed Torques

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Tong ◽  
B. Tabarrok
Keyword(s):  
Rigid Body ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Melnikov Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Heteroclinic Orbits ◽  
Coordinate Frame ◽  
Global Motion ◽  
Stable And Unstable Manifolds ◽  
Body Subject

Abstract In this paper the global motion of a rigid body subject to small periodic torques, which has a fixed direction in the body-fixed coordinate frame, is investigated by means of Melnikov’s method. Deprit’s variables are introduced to transform the equations of motion into a form describing a slowly varying oscillator. Then the Melnikov method developed for the slowly varying oscillator is used to predict the transversal intersections of stable and unstable manifolds for the perturbed rigid body motion. It is shown that there exist transversal intersections of heteroclinic orbits for certain ranges of parameter values.

Does a rigid body limit maneuverability?

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (22) ◽  
pp. 3391-3396 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Rigid Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Pectoral Fin ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Minimum Radius ◽  
Current Definition ◽  
Theoretical Minimum

Whether a rigid body limits maneuverability depends on how maneuverability is defined. By the current definition, the minimum radius of the turn, a rigid-bodied, spotted boxfish Ostracion meleagris approaches maximum maneuverability, i.e. it can spin around with minimum turning radii near zero. The radius of the minimum space required to turn is an alternative measure of maneuverability. By this definition, O. meleagris is not very maneuverable. The observed space required by O. meleagris to turn is slightly greater than its theoretical minimum but much greater than that of highly flexible fish. Agility, the rate of turning, is related to maneuverability. The median- and pectoral-fin-powered turns of O. meleagris are slow relative to the body- and caudal-fin-powered turns of more flexible fish.

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