Social Position Predicting Physical Activity Level in Youth: An Application of Hidden Markov Modeling on Network Statistics

2016 ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Teague Henry ◽  
Sabina B. Gesell ◽  
Edward Ip
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Hidden Markov ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Markov Modeling ◽  
Hidden Markov Modeling

Deriving Effective Decision-Making Strategies of Prosthetists: Using Hidden Markov Modeling and Qualitative Analysis to Compare Experts and Novices

2021 ◽  
pp. 001872082110328
Author(s):  
Pratima Saravanan ◽  
Jessica Menold
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Hidden Markov ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Markov Modeling ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Case Complexity ◽  
Hidden Markov Modeling ◽  
Expert And Novice

Objective This research focuses on studying the clinical decision-making strategies of expert and novice prosthetists for different case complexities. Background With an increasing global amputee population, there is an urgent need for improved amputee care. However, current prosthetic prescription standards are based on subjective expertise, making the process challenging for novices, specifically during complex patient cases. Hence, there is a need for studying the decision-making strategies of prosthetists. Method An interactive web-based survey was developed with two case studies of varying complexities. Navigation between survey pages and time spent were recorded for 28 participants including experts ( n = 20) and novices ( n = 8). Using these data, decision-making strategies, or patterns of decisions, during prosthetic prescription were derived using hidden Markov modeling. A qualitative analysis of participants’ rationale regarding decisions was used to add a deep contextualized understanding of decision-making strategies derived from the quantitative analysis. Results Unique decision-making strategies were observed across expert and novice participants. Experts tended to focus on the personal details, activity level, and state of the residual limb prior to prescription, and this strategy was independent of case complexity. Novices tended to change strategies dependent upon case complexity, fixating on certain factors when case complexity was high. Conclusion The decision-making strategies of experts stayed the same across the two cases, whereas the novices exhibited mixed strategies. Application By modeling the decision-making strategies of experts and novices, this study builds a foundation for development of an automated decision-support tool for prosthetic prescription, advancing novice training, and amputee care.

scholarly journals Physical Activity States of Preschool-Aged Latino Children in Farmworker Families: Predictive Factors and Relationship With BMI Percentile

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 726-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward H. Ip ◽  
Santiago Saldana ◽  
Grisel Trejo ◽  
Sarah A. Marshall ◽  
Cynthia K. Suerken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hidden Markov ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Active State ◽  
Markov Modeling ◽  
Latino Farmworkers ◽  
Hidden Markov Modeling ◽  
Weight Percentile

Background:Obesity disproportionately affects children of Latino farmworkers. Further research is needed to identify patterns of physical activity (PA) in this group and understand how PA affects Body Mass Index (BMI) percentile.Methods:Two hundred and forty-four participants ages 2.5 to 3.5 in the Niños Sanos longitudinal study wore accelerometers that measured daily PA. Several PA-related parameters formed a profile for conducting hidden Markov modeling (HMM), which identified different states of PA.Results:Latino farmworker children were generally sedentary. Two different states were selected using HMM—less active and more active. In the more active state; members spent more minutes in moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Most children were in the less active state at any given time; however, switching between states occurred commonly. One variable—mother’s concern regarding lack of PA—was a marginally significant predictor of membership in the more active state. State did not predict BMI or weight percentile after adjusting for caloric intake.Conclusion:Most children demonstrated high amounts of sedentary behavior, and rates of MVPA fell far below recommended levels for both states. The lack of statistically significant results for risk factors and PA state on weight-related outcomes is likely due to the homogeneous behaviors of the children.

Self-Referent Thoughts in Exercise: The Self-Perception in Exercise Questionnaire

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marit Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
English Language ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Language Version ◽  
Social Comfort ◽  
And Gender

Adherence to lifestyle changes - beginning to exercise, for example - is assumed to be mediated by self-referent thoughts. This paper describes a pilot study and three studies conducted to develop and validate a questionnaire for adults to determine their self-perceptions related to health-oriented exercise. The pilot study identified items pertinent to the domains considered important in this context, and began the process of selecting items. Study 2 examined the factor structure, reduced the number of items, determined the internal consistency of the factors, and explored the discriminative validity of the questionnaire as to physical activity level and gender. Four factors with a total of 24 items were accepted, measuring mastery of exercise, body perception, social comfort/discomfort in the exercise setting, and perception of fitness. All subscales had acceptable internal consistencies. Preliminary validity was demonstrated by confirming hypothesized differences in scores as to gender, age, and physical activity level. The third study examined and demonstrated convergent validity with similar existing subscales. The fourth study examined an English-language version of the questionnaire, confirming the existence of the factors and providing preliminary psychometric evidence of the viability of the questionnaire.

Physical Activity Level and Motor Aptitude: Motor Domains and Identification Capacity of Brazilian Insufficiently Active Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Maria Andreis ◽  
Fernando de Aguiar Lemos ◽  
Lorenna Walesca de Lima Silva ◽  
Cassiana Luiza Pistorello Garcia ◽  
Gabrielli Veras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
General Motor ◽  
Body Scheme ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Global Coordination

Background: A decrease in the physical activity level in old age is common, which results in an increase in the number of falls and chronic conditions. Associated with that occurs the decline in motor skills as a result of the deficit in the interaction of cognitive and motor processes. Physical activity level can be associated differently with each motor domains. Objective: We analyzed the relationship between physical activity level and motor aptitude, and to identify which motor domains were most sensitive to detect insufficiently active level in older adults. Methods: Participated in the study 385 elderly people of both sexes. For the evaluation of the subjects were adopted the International Questionnaire on Physical Activity and the Motor Scale for Older Adults. Results: The majority of the elderly were active. In the comparison of motor aptitude between active and insufficiently active (IAC) elders a significant difference was found in the Global Coordination, Balance, Body Scheme and General Motor Aptitude. From the analysis of the area under the curve (AUC), we verified that these domains also were the ones that presented adequate diagnostic accuracy to identify IAC elderly. Besides that active elderly have presented the General Motor Aptitude classified within normality while the IAC below the normal. Conclusion: Our data suggest that IAC older adults present lower motor aptitude than the active elderly, especially in the domains of Global Coordination, Balance, Body Scheme and General Motor Aptitude, and that these domains were sensitive to indicate IAC older adults.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document