The Intestinal Immune System During Homeostasis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2017 ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
David A. Hill ◽  
William A. Faubion
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

scholarly journals Somatostatin in inflammatory bowel disease

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Van Bergeijk ◽  
J. H. P. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Inhibitory Peptide ◽  
Intestinal Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Intestinal inflammation is controlled by various immunomodulating cells, interacting by molecular mediators. Neuropeptides, released by enteric nerve cells and neuroendocrine mucosa cells, are able to affect several aspects of the general and intestinal immune system, with both pro- as well as anti-inflammatory activities. In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) there is both morphological as well as experimental evidence for involvement of neuropeptides in the pathogenesis. Somatostatin is the main inhibitory peptide in inflammatory processes, and its possible role in IBD is discussed.

scholarly journals The Neuromodulation of the Intestinal Immune System and Its Relevance in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Di Giovangiulio ◽  
Simon Verheijden ◽  
Goele Bosmans ◽  
Nathalie Stakenborg ◽  
Guy E. Boeckxstaens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Natural Products: Experimental Efficient Agents for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (46) ◽  
pp. 4893-4913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Cao ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Bing-Xian Sha ◽  
Hai-Feng Pan
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Intestinal Epithelia ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Individual

: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, elusive disorder resulting in relapsing inflammation of intestine with incompletely elucidated etiology, whose two representative forms are ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Accumulating researches have revealed that the individual genetic susceptibility, environmental risk elements, intestinal microbial flora, as well as innate and adaptive immune system are implicated in the pathogenesis and development of IBD. Despite remarkable progression of IBD therapy has been achieved by chemical drugs and biological therapies such as aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, antibiotics, anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, anti-integrin agents, etc., healing outcome still cannot be obtained, along with inevitable side effects. Consequently, a variety of researches have focused on exploring new therapies, and found that natural products (NPs) isolated from herbs or plants may serve as promising therapeutic agents for IBD through antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-fibrotic and anti-apoptotic effects, which implicates the modulation on nucleotide- binding domain (NOD) like receptor protein (NLRP) 3 inflammasome, gut microbiota, intestinal microvascular endothelial cells, intestinal epithelia, immune system, etc. In the present review, we will summarize the research development of IBD pathogenesis and current mainstream therapy, as well as the therapeutic potential and intrinsic mechanisms of NPs in IBD.

scholarly journals Dynamic Colonization of Microbes and Their Functions after Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel D. Chu ◽  
Jessica W. Crothers ◽  
Le T. T. Nguyen ◽  
Sean M. Kearney ◽  
Mark B. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Healthy Donor ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Complex Mixtures ◽  
Sick Patient ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Living Organisms

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT)—transferring fecal microbes from a healthy donor to a sick patient—has shown promise for gut diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease. However, unlike pharmaceuticals, fecal transplants are complex mixtures of living organisms, which must then interact with the microbes and immune system of the recipient.

scholarly journals Microbiota-nourishing Immunity and Its Relevance for Ulcerative Colitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 811-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana X Byndloss ◽  
Yael Litvak ◽  
Andreas J Bäumler
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Environmental Exposure ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Colonization Resistance ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
New Hypothesis

An imbalance in our microbiota may contribute to many human diseases, but the mechanistic underpinnings of dysbiosis remain poorly understood. We argue that dysbiosis is secondary to a defect in microbiota-nourishing immunity, a part of our immune system that balances the microbiota to attain colonization resistance against environmental exposure to microorganisms. We discuss this new hypothesis and its implications for ulcerative colitis, an inflammatory bowel disease of the large intestine.

scholarly journals Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Emergence of New Trends in Lifestyle and Nanomedicine as the Modern Tool for Pharmacotherapy

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2460
Author(s):  
Eden Mariam Jacob ◽  
Ankita Borah ◽  
Sindhu C Pillai ◽  
D. Sakthi Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Genetic Defect ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Conventional Drug ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The human intestine, which harbors trillions of symbiotic microorganisms, may enter into dysbiosis when exposed to a genetic defect or environmental stress. The naissance of chronic inflammation due to the battle of the immune system with the trespassing gut bacteria leads to the rise of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Though the genes behind the scenes and their link to the disease are still unclear, the onset of IBD occurs in young adults and has expanded from the Western world into the newly industrialized countries. Conventional drug deliveries depend on a daily heavy dosage of immune suppressants or anti-inflammatory drugs targeted for the treatment of two types of IBD, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), which are often associated with systemic side effects and adverse toxicities. Advances in oral delivery through nanotechnology seek remedies to overcome the drawbacks of these conventional drug delivery systems through improved drug encapsulation and targeted delivery. In this review, we discuss the association of genetic factors, the immune system, the gut microbiome, and environmental factors like diet in the pathogenesis of IBD. We also review the various physiological concerns required for oral delivery to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and new strategies in nanotechnology-derived, colon-targeting drug delivery systems.

Dysregulation of Intestinal Mucosal Immunity: Implications in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Physiology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 272-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Stephen Laroux ◽  
Kevin P. Pavlick ◽  
Robert E. Wolf ◽  
Matthew B. Grisham
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Immune Regulation ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Mucosal Immune System ◽  
Gut Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Efficient Mechanisms

The mucosal interstitia of the intestine and colon are continuously exposed to large amounts of dietary and microbial antigens. Fortunately, the mucosal immune system has evolved efficient mechanisms to distinguish potentially pathogenic from nonpathological antigens. There are, however, situations in which this immune regulation fails, resulting in chronic gut inflammation.

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