Taking Stock of the European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation (EGTC): From Policy Formulation to Policy Implementation

2018 ◽  
pp. 209-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle Evrard ◽  
Alice Engl
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Policy Formulation

Policy advisory styles in the francophone Belgian civil service

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Aubin ◽  
Marleen Brans
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Policy Advice ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Administrative System ◽  
Policy Work ◽  
Internal Information

In a context of the rising importance of ministerial advisers, this article provides empirical evidence about the nature of involvement of civil servants in policy work. Based on a survey of graduated civil servants in francophone Belgium, it shows that civil servants are much involved in policy work even in a politico-administrative system characterised by strong ministerial cabinets. Belgian francophone civil servants are ‘incidental advisors’. They are less process generalists than issue specialists who mostly deal with policy implementation. Their policy advisory style oscillates between ‘rational technician’ and ‘client advisor’. Despite a low institutionalisation of policy advice in the civil service, civil servants significantly serve the ministers in the policy formulation (for harmonization) phase, supplying information and analysis and participating to the writing of policy-related texts. Points for practitioners The francophone Belgian case shows the importance of policy tasks conducted by civil servants. It also provides evidence about the importance of in-house policy-analytical capacity as it shows that civil servants primarily rely on internal information sources and consultation when involved in policy formulation.

scholarly journals Policy Implementation of Improving Education Quality of Primary Education Teachers in Laos and Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Viengdavong Luangsithideth ◽  
Muhammad Huda ◽  
Ahmad Supriyanto ◽  
Bambang B. Wiyono
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
National Education ◽  
Policy Dissemination ◽  
Deep Meaning

The purpose of this research is to get deep meaning of policy implementation to improve quality of primary education teachers in Laos and Indonesia. Research locations are in the Ministry of Education in those both countries. This research used a qualitative approach with a multi-case study design. First, policy formulation consider the aspect of novelty and national education goals; second, policy dissemination of existing policies do after getting approval from parliament, as well as socialization is done to the department of education in each provinces and districts; third, policy implementation process is done by establishing a monitoring team to oversee that the policy can work well; fourth, monitoring and evaluation of the implementation is done periodically, at least every six months, and the results of the evaluation are reported to the Ministry; fifth, gaps in the policy implementation is because monitoring can not be run with maximum caused by geographical conditions and the weakness of the role of school supervisors; sixth, efforts to repair gaps in the implementation of policies to improve the quality primary school teachers is to make laws on the teacher, as well as to provide training to teachers and principals.

Personal Information Policies in the United States and Britain: The Dilemma of Implementation Considerations

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla M. Regan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Implementation Framework ◽  
Policy Analysts ◽  
Implementation Stage

ABSTRACTThis article examines how issues of policy implementation affected the formulation and adoption of personal information policies in the United States and Britain. The analysis suggests that when implementation questions are raised during policy formulation, programmatic goals will be compromised to the interests bureaucracies have in implementation. In this case, the goal of protecting the privacy of personal information was sacrified to an implementation framework that protected bureaucratic needs. This poses a dilemma for policy analysts: when implementation questions are left unresolved in policy design, bureaucratic concerns dominate the implementation stage; yet, when implementation questions are resolved in policy design, bureaucratic concerns dominate the formulation stage.

scholarly journals Monetary Policy Implementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Mæhle
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Policy Transmission ◽  
Management Capacity ◽  
Policy Frameworks ◽  
Operating Target ◽  
Operational Issues

This paper discusses operational issues for countries that want to reform their monetary policy frameworks. It argues that stabilizing short-term interest rates on a day-to-day basis has significant advantages, and thus that short-term interest rates, not reserve money, in most cases should be the daily operating target, including for countries relying on a money targeting policy strategy. The paper discusses how a policy formulation framework based on monetary aggregates can be combined with an operational framework that ensures more stable and predictable short-term rates to enhance policy transmission. It also discusses how to best configure an interest-rate-based operational framework when markets are underdeveloped and liqudity management capacity is weak.

scholarly journals Policy Formulation and Implementation on Participatory Budgeting in Seoul, South Korea

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suk Kyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Participatory Budgeting ◽  
Target Time ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
High Level ◽  
Research Show

This research analyzes the policy formulation and implementation of participatory budgeting in Seoul by using qualitative methods focusing on document research. The target time for this research is from 2010 until May 2012 when the Seoul government enacted the PB regulation for policy formulation, and from 2012 until 2016 for policy implementation. The results of the research show that Seoul government had already faced many demands for the implementation of PB before the regulation on PB was enacted. These demands are the result of two flows, that is, a political flow that regards citizen participation in the process of public policy as important and the worsening financial condition of the local government. In this situation, the change of Seoul mayor in 2011 has led the Seoul government to start policy formulation for PB. In the process of making the regulations, the CSOs that already studied a lot about PB also participated in this process. So, Seoul government has made regulation on PB with high level of citizen participation. After regulation on PB was enacted, during the implementation of PB, Seoul government seeks to increase the level of citizen participation by enhancing its representativeness and expertise. For example, Seoul government randomly select most of the PB committee members through open recruitment for representatives, make compulsory lessons in budgets school for expertise, and disclose all information and provide more opportunities for participation such as e-voting to increase the number of participants. As a result, the number of e-voting participants reached about 1% among the total population of Seoul.

Policy implementation deficiencies: Ghana’s microfinance sector failures

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-425
Author(s):  
Kwami Hope Quao
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
User Input ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Participatory Policy

Purpose Regulations to promote sanity in microfinance institutions and improve their operational problems yielded some results but lacked equal voice for effective implementation for its full realization. Much therefore has not changed in sub-Sahara African countries, though various types of regulation for microfinance exist. The nature and implementation of such policies therefore matter more than their mere presence. This paper aims to evaluate the nature of microfinance financial policies, given their social nature and the dynamism of their operational environment, and explores factors mitigating effective implementation of microfinance policy in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from the management and other officials of 63 microfinance institutions, and the outcome was organized into graphs and tables for descriptive analysis. Findings The results identified adequate adapted prudential regulation for microfinance institutions, but the formulation process lacked user input and adequate supervision, hindering effective sector policy implementation. The author therefore recommends a more inclusive and participatory policy formulation approach, creation of information platform for complete microfinance data through semi-autonomous supervisory body for microfinance services and regular full stakeholder engagement. Research limitations/implications Though the study is limited to tier-two microfinance institutions in Accra, it is evident that the results can be applied to the entire sector and across national borders because microfinance institutions exhibit similar or same characteristics. Originality/value This paper has not been submitted to or published by any other journal. The author certifies that the content of this paper is the product of his own work, and that other sources used in preparing this paper and their respective sources have been duly acknowledged.

Tribunal Policy and Dispute Settlement: The Nurses' Case 1986-87

1993 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-315
Author(s):  
Carol Fox
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Cost Control ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Flexible Approach ◽  
Industrial Action ◽  
Australian Council ◽  
Formal Policy

Consistency in the implementation of tribunal policy has been advocated by both the federal tribunal and observers as essential to the integrity of the centrally managed policies of labour cost control and of arbitration tribunal operations generally. This paper examines the state tribunal policy operative during the fifty-day nurses' strike in Victoria and its application to the dispute. Policy implementation is distinguished from policy formulation in respect of which flexibility and (possibly frequent) changes of policy in response to conflicting pressures are seen as essential to tribunal effectiveness. In the management and settlement of this major dispute, the tribunal departed from its formal policy (the principles) then in operation and its informal policy (the convention concerning industrial action). Examples of an absence of standards, to enable a test of consistency to be applied, are also identified and illustrated in terms of the settlement decision. The position taken by the principal parties is shown to have created a dilemma for the tribunal and choices made by the Australian Council of Trade Unions are shown to have facilitated a flexible approach by the tribunal, which in turn generated some departure from policy.

scholarly journals A review of Kenya’s cancer policies to improve access to cancer testing and treatment in the country

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Kathini Makau-Barasa ◽  
Sandra Greene ◽  
N. A. Othieno-Abinya ◽  
Stephanie B. Wheeler ◽  
Asheley Skinner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Stakeholder Engagement ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Financial Barriers ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
Cancer Services ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Priority Policy ◽  
Improve Access

Abstract Background Cancer is the third-leading cause of mortality in Kenya, resulting in unique challenges to the country’s health system. An increase in the number of cancer cases in Kenya over the past decade resulted in legislative actions and policies to guide delivery of cancer services. Kenya’s new national cancer control strategy and past policy efforts provide an opportunity to synergise information and enhance understanding to improve cancer diagnosis and treatment in the country. The objectives of this study are to (1) document policy-modifiable factors based on a review of policy documents and results of a key informant survey and (2) develop recommendations to improve policies affecting cancer testing and treatment services in Kenya. This study builds upon our previous study Improving Access to Cancer Testing and Treatment in Kenya (Makau Barasa et al. J Global Oncol 2(216), 2017). Methods The study applied an in-depth systematic review of Kenya’s cancer policies and guidelines, a qualitative analysis of results from a section of a semi-structured key informant survey focused on the opinions of clinicians delivering cancer services as well as cancer support groups and advocacy leaders, and a stakeholder analysis identifying key policy-makers and implementers. Details of the complete key informant survey were published in our previous study. Results Kenya’s cancer policies have guided progress made in providing the legal and implementation frameworks for the development and delivery of cancer services at the national and county levels. Some policy implementation gaps are noted. These include inadequate financing for cancer services, limited research and data to support policy formulation, and the concentration of cancer services in urban areas. The key informant survey identified policy-modifiable actions that can address some of the gaps and improve the delivery of and access to cancer testing and treatment services in the country. Some of these include addressing the financial barriers affecting cancer testing and treatment services; increasing stakeholder engagement in training health personnel to deliver cancer testing and treatment services; decentralising cancer services and improving cancer surveillance and research; and increasing education and awareness about cancer symptoms, screening procedures and treatment options. A set of priority policy actions were selected from the study findings and used to develop recommendations for Kenya’s policy-makers and stakeholders. Conclusions Revisions to Kenya’s cancer policies are seeking to address gaps noted in past policies and to improve access to cancer testing and treatment in Kenya. However, based on study findings, additional actions can be taken to strengthen policy implementation. Considering the policy formulation and implementation process and costs, this study recommends focusing on three priority policy actions that can have significant impact on improving access to cancer testing and treatment services. These include addressing financing, insurance and human resources gaps; increasing stakeholder engagement; and decentralising health services for better surveillance and data to inform policies.

scholarly journals Exploring the Use of Nodality Based Information PolicyTools by Canadian Electoral Agencies

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Craft
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Agenda Setting ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Voter Participation ◽  
Policy Tools ◽  
Policy Cycle ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
Front End ◽  
Mass Information

Despite a healthy number of studies examining the motivations or voting practices of Canadians, little comparative work examines communications activities of electoral agencies. The following article maps out such activities through an assessment of nodality (information-based) policy tools use by four Canadian electoral agencies (Elections Canada, Elections Ontario, Elections BC, Elections Quebec). The paper begins by situating information‐based policy tools within the broader policy tools literature. Subsequently, such tools are then classified with respect to their relationship to policy making activities at the ‘front-end’ (agenda setting and policy formulation) and ‘backend’ (policy implementation and evaluation) of the policy cycle. Upon analysis, a variety of instrument mixes are detected with an overall shift from broad sweeping substantive instruments, such as mass information campaigns towards targeted approaches, to increased partnerships aimed at reaching specific cohorts with historically lower levels of voter participation. Furthermore, instrument mixes are found to vary jurisdictionally with respect to the adoption of newer Internet based tools versus traditional tools. In general, all four cases are found to frequently rely on both procedural and substantive information‐based policy tools related to ‘back-end’ policy-making activities.

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