Information or Marketing? Lessons from the History of Private-Sector Green Building Labelling

2018 ◽  
pp. 115-163
Author(s):  
Jeremy Gabe ◽  
Pernille H. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Green Building ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals History of Pharmaceutical Development in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
Dharma Prasad Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Hospital Pharmacy ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Ayurvedic Medicine ◽  
Allopathic Medicine ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Pharmaceutical Development ◽  
Mission Hospital ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pharmaceutical Education

The historical event of the development of pharmacy was started during ancient Lichchhavi ruler Amshu Berma date back to 605-620 AD when a Ayurvedic hospital was established. In 1641-1674 AD, King Pratap Malla started ayurvedic medicine production unit in the royal place. Modern allopathic medicines were introduced in Nepal in 1816 AD after Suguali Treaty and establishment of British residency in Nepal. Allopathic medicine manufacturing was started in 1969 in private sector and a government undertaking Royal Drug Limited was established in 1972.  Department of Drug Administration (DDA), a drug regulating Agency of the country was established according to the Drug Act in 1979. The pharmaceutical education was started in Nepal with the commencement of the Proficiency Certificate Level, a two and half year program (Intermediate in Pharmacy that is similar to Diploma of Pharmacy) at the Institute of Medicine, Tribhuban University in 1972. Santabhavan Hospital (present patan Hospital that was established in 1956) is pioneer to start hospital Pharmacy service in Nepal followed by Tansen Mission hospital Palpa that was started operation in 1959.Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health SciencesVol. 3, No. 1, 2017, page: 86-93 

The Development of Green Building Materials Trend in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 1070-1073
Author(s):  
Bao Zhu Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Engineering Construction ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Green Building Materials ◽  
History Of ◽  
Development Tendency

Building material is the base of civil engineering construction, in the history of thousands of years of development, building materials also gradually change and change, and is closely related to the progress of human civilization and the development of science and technology.Green building materials has the vital significance to the construction of a conservation-oriented society and sustainable development, in accordance with China's social development.This paper introduces the importance of the development of green building materials,analyzes some factors influencing the development of green building materials in China,and discusses the development tendency of green building materials in China.

scholarly journals Green Building in Russia as well as its problems and solutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Nikolai Tuzov
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Green Construction ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Ecological Construction

The article deals with the issues of environmental (“green”) construction in Russia in relation to the tasks of low-rise and individual development. The article describes the history of the formation of the ecological construction market in Russia and abroad, gives a general classification and the main directions of its development. The ad-vantages of green construction, the problems that hinder the rapid development of ecological construction and the stimulating factors of such development are described. The applicable standards of green construction are indicated, both established by the state in the form of normative legal acts, and voluntary, and the advantages of following environmental standards are shown. Practical examples of ecological construction and problems faced by developers in practice are given. The concepts of Passive House, energy-efficient house and non-volatile house are considered in detail, indicating the ways to use the elements of such concepts in the implementation of real construction at the moment, including some practical examples of technical and technological solutions, as well as ways to further improve them. Examples of low-rise buildings currently under construction using standards and principles of ecological construction are given. The Russian standards of green construction are considered in de-tail, with references to specific regulations and other sources regulating the issues of ecological construction, and the ways of their further development and improvement are indicated. A mathematical model of the order of construction of eco-mobility facilities is proposed, where the capital return indicator is selected as an important criterion, which is determined taking into account the different times of costs for the objects being introduced. Its maximization leads to the choice of such an option, which will be characterized by the largest intermediate volume of input objects, as well as the smallest amount of reduced capital investments, i.e. their more rational dynamics. Thus, this indicator characterizes the efficiency of using capital investments, as well as their return as a result of reducing construction in progress.

Designs for Comprehensive Community Colleges: 1958-1970

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Brint ◽  
Jerome Karabel
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Higher Education ◽  
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Total State ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
State Organization

No analysis of the history of the community college movement in Massachusetts can begin without a discussion of some of the peculiar features of higher education in that state. Indeed, the development of all public colleges in Massachusetts was, for many years, inhibited by the strength of the state’s private institutions (Lustberg 1979, Murphy 1974, Stafford 1980). The Protestant establishment had strong traditional ties to elite colleges—such as Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Williams, and Amherst—and the Catholic middle class felt equally strong bonds to the two Jesuit institutions in the state: Boston College and Holy Cross (Jencks and Riesman 1968, p. 263). If they had gone to college at all, most of Massachusetts’s state legislators had done so in the private system. Private college loyalties were not the only reasons for opposition to public higher education. Increased state spending for any purpose was often an anathema to many Republican legislators, and even most urban “machine” Democrats were unwilling to spend state dollars where the private sector appeared to work well enough (Stafford and Lustberg 1978). As late as 1950, the commonwealth’s public higher education sector served fewer than ten thousand students, just over 10 percent of total state enrollments in higher education. In 1960, public enrollment had grown to only 16 percent of the total, at a time when 59 percent of college students nationwide were enrolled in public institutions (Stafford and Lustberg 1978, p. 12). Indeed, the public sector did not reach parity with the private sector until the 1980s. Of the 15,945 students enrolled in Massachusetts public higher education in 1960, well over 95 percent were in-state students. The private schools, by contrast, cast a broader net: of the nearly 83,000 students enrolled in the private schools, more than 40 percent were from out of state (Organization for Social and Technical Innovation 1973). The opposition to public higher education began to recede in the late 1950s. Already by mid-decade, a large number of urban liberals had become members of the state legislature, and a new governor, Foster Furcolo, had been elected in 1956 on an activist platform.

scholarly journals Case history of development of "Komakado industrial area" by vitality of private sector at Gotemba city.

1987 ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Kenzoh OHBA ◽  
Toshio YAMAGUCHI ◽  
Takaharu SERIZAWA ◽  
Teiji NAITOH
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Case History ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
History Of

The lighthouse in economics: colonial America's experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin G. Mixon ◽  
Robert Shaw Bridges
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
American History ◽  
Nobel Laureate ◽  
Mixed System ◽  
History Of ◽  
Private Sector Involvement ◽  
Public Partnerships

With the 1974 publication of his study titled 'The lighthouse in economics', Nobel Laureate Ronald Coase demonstrated that England's history of lighthouse services provision includes examples of private sector involvement, dating back to 1614 and going forward to 1816. Critics argue, however, that Coase perhaps overstated the case in concluding that most lighthouse services during this period were 'privately provided', and instead explain that this particular industry provides an example of a mixed system of private-public partnerships. This study integrates these critiques into a Coase-type examination of the existence of 'private-ness' in lighthouse services provision in colonial American history. In doing so, it fills a hole in the literature that has existed since Coase's examination of the history of lighthouse services provision in England.

COAL SEAM GAS—PETROLEUM OR MINERAL

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 589
Author(s):  
D.J. Gately
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Coal Seam ◽  
Coalbed Methane ◽  
Resource Development ◽  
Coal Seams ◽  
Coal Seam Gas ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Private Sector Investment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Policy Shift

1996 was a watershed year for gas exploration in Queensland: the increasing private sector investment in the search for and commercial use of methane gas from coal seams received legislative endorsement. Coal seam gas (CSG), also known as coalbed methane or CBM, was officially designated as petroleum, with exploration for and production of CSG to be administered under the Petroleum Act.The paper traces the history of exploration for CSG in Queensland since 1976, culminating in a policy shift in 1996. In Queensland there is now potential for overlapping titles and competitive resource development.

Geographical Resource Allocation for Public Mental Health Services in Victoria

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Meadows
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Public Mental Health ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk

Objective:To provide background information on the approach of area based funding models for mental health services, to describe the considerations which have come to bear in the development process of the Victorian model, to explore the impacts of different models, and to suggest courses for further development. Method:The history of this approach to funding in the UK and the USA is summarised, then an account is given of the development of the Victorian model. The position is put that the validation of such models is hampered by having only sparse relevant data. Suggestions are made for improving this situation. Results:The Victorian model has come to include adjustments for socioeconomic disadvantage, the age, sex and marital status structure of the population, and a variable discounting for estimated substitutive activity of the private sector. Different methods of combining these adjustments into a working formula can be seen to have very different impacts. Conclusions:The approach taken in development of this model can be expected to have major influence on funding within Victoria, but also more widely in Australia. The impacts of differing assumptions within these models are significant. Specifically targeted epidemiological research, and activity analysis of the private sector will be necessary to enhance the validity of models of this type.

News as a Public Good: Cooperative Ownership, Price Commitments, and the Success of the Associated Press

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Shmanske
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ownership Structures ◽  
Relative Success ◽  
Associated Press ◽  
History Of ◽  
Good Nature

In this article Professor Shmanske examines the history of the wire service industry with special attention to two economic peculiarities: the “public good” nature of news dissemination and the different ownership structures of the competing firms. By focusing on the interplay of the nonprofit, cooperative organizational structure of the Associated Press and the public good characteristics of news, the author provides a new and economically sound explanation for the AP's relative success. In addition, he demonstrates that many unusual institutions in the news-providing industry, particularly pricing structures, can be understood by analyzing the economic and marketing problems associated with private-sector production of a public good.

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