System Complexity and Its Measures: How Complex Is Complex

2010 ◽  
pp. 265-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Witold Kinsner
Keyword(s):  
System Complexity

scholarly journals Photonic Reservoir Computer with Output Expansion for Unsupervized Parameter Drift Compensation

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 955
Author(s):  
Jaël Pauwels ◽  
Guy Van der Sande ◽  
Guy Verschaffelt ◽  
Serge Massar
Keyword(s):  
Electronic System ◽  
Nonlinear Functions ◽  
System Complexity ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Parameter Drift ◽  
Output Layer ◽  
Drift Compensation ◽  
Output Neurons ◽  
Performance Gains

We present a method to improve the performance of a reservoir computer by keeping the reservoir fixed and increasing the number of output neurons. The additional neurons are nonlinear functions, typically chosen randomly, of the reservoir neurons. We demonstrate the interest of this expanded output layer on an experimental opto-electronic system subject to slow parameter drift which results in loss of performance. We can partially recover the lost performance by using the output layer expansion. The proposed scheme allows for a trade-off between performance gains and system complexity.

scholarly journals Evolution-Strategies-Driven Optimization on Secure and Reconfigurable Interconnection PUF Networks

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 537
Author(s):  
Hongxiang Gu ◽  
Miodrag Potkonjak
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Evolution Strategies ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Network Configuration ◽  
System Complexity ◽  
Physical Unclonable Functions ◽  
Output Stability ◽  
Output Mapping ◽  
Weight Design

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are known for their unclonability and light-weight design. However, several known issues with state-of-the-art PUF designs exist including vulnerability against machine learning attacks, low output randomness, and low reliability. To address these problems, we present a reconfigurable interconnected PUF network (IPN) design that significantly strengthens the security and unclonability of strong PUFs. While the IPN structure itself significantly increases the system complexity and nonlinearity, the reconfiguration mechanism remaps the input–output mapping before an attacker could collect sufficient challenge-response pairs (CRPs). We also propose using an evolution strategies (ES) algorithm to efficiently search for a network configuration that is capable of producing random and stable responses. The experimental results show that applying state-of-the-art machine learning attacks result in less than 53.19% accuracy for single-bit output prediction on a reconfigurable IPN with random configurations. We also show that, when applying configurations explored by our proposed ES method instead of random configurations, the output randomness is significantly improved by 220.8% and output stability by at least 22.62% in different variations of IPN.

Targeting the IGF-1R in prostate and colorectal cancer: reasons behind trial failure and future directions

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tufail ◽  
Changxin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Cancer Growth ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
System Complexity ◽  
Deadly Disease ◽  
Trial Failure ◽  
Shed Light

IGF-1Rs enact a significant part in cancer growth and its progress. IGF-1R inhibitors were encouraged in the early trials, but the patients did not benefit due to the unavailability of predictive biomarkers and IGF-1R system complexity. However, the linkage between IGF-1R and cancer was reported three decades ago. This review will shed light on the IGF-1R system, targeting IGF-1R through monoclonal antibodies, reasons behind IGF-1R trial failure and future directions. This study presented that targeting IGF-1R through monoclonal antibodies is still effective in cancer treatment, and there is a need to look for future directions. Cancer patients may benefit from using mAbs that target existing and new cancer targets, evidenced by promising results. It is also essential that the academician, trial experts and pharmaceutical companies play their role in finding a treatment for this deadly disease.

Impact of Technology Infusion on System Complexity and Modularity

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
GwangKi Min ◽  
Eun Suk Suh ◽  
Katja Hölttä-Otto
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
System Complexity ◽  
Host System ◽  
Technology Infusion ◽  
Long Life ◽  
Impact Of Technology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Complex systems often have long life cycles with requirements that are likely to change over time. Therefore, it is important to be able to adapt the system accordingly over time. This is often accomplished by infusing new technologies into the host system in order to update or improve overall system performance. However, technology infusion often results in a disruption in the host system. This can take the form of a system redesign or a change in the inherent attributes of the system. In this study, we analyzed the impact of technology infusion on system attributes, specifically the complexity and modularity. Two different systems that were infused with new technologies were analyzed for changes in complexity and modularity.

A Pneumatic On-Off Vehicle Suspension System

1977 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Klinger ◽  
A. J. Calzado
Keyword(s):  
Vibration Isolation ◽  
Relative Displacement ◽  
Disturbance Attenuation ◽  
Vehicle Suspension ◽  
System Complexity ◽  
Pressure Transducers ◽  
Control Signals ◽  
Pneumatic Suspension ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Vehicle Suspension System

An active, nonlinear, pneumatic suspension applicable to passenger railcars is described. Standard on-off valves modulate pressure differences between dual opposing airbags to attenuate vibration and create guidance forces. Improved vibration isolation over that of conventional passive suspensions is achieved at low power levels. Guidance forces are provided with small suspension travel using short bursts of compressed air taken from vehicle supply reservoirs. Acceleration, relative displacement, and pressure transducers provide the control signals required for stabilization, feedforward guidance commands, and disturbance attenuation. Simulation results indicate that performance comparable to hydraulic servosystems can be attained with substantially reduced system complexity and power requirements.

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