Do Capital Requirements Affect Long-Run Output Trends?

Author(s):  
Andrea Teglio ◽  
Marco Raberto ◽  
Silvano Cincotti
Risks ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Aneta Ptak-Chmielewska ◽  
Paweł Kopciuszewski

After the financial crisis, the European Banking Authority (EBA) has established tighter standards around the definition of default (Capital Requirements Regulation CRR Article 178, EBA/GL/2017/16) to increase the degree of comparability and consistency in credit risk measurement and capital frameworks across banks and financial institutions. Requirements of the new definition of default (DoD) concern how banks recognize credit defaults for prudential purposes and include quantitative impact analysis and new rules of materiality. In this approach, the number and timing of defaults affect the validity of currently used risk models and processes. The recommendation presented in this paper is to address current gaps by considering a Bayesian approach for PD recalibration based on insights derived from both simulated and empirical data (e.g., a priori and a posteriori distributions). A Bayesian approach was used in two steps: to calculate the Long Run Average (LRA) on both simulated and empirical data and for the final model calibration to the posterior LRA. The Bayesian approach result for the PD LRA was slightly lower than the one calculated based on classical logistic regression. It also decreased for the historically observed LRA that included the most recent empirical data. The Bayesian methodology was used to make the LRA more objective, but it also helps to better align the LRA not only with the empirical data but also with the most recent ones.


2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Masera ◽  
Giancarlo Mazzoni

Purpose The paper aims to investigate whether the value of banks is affected by their financing policies. Higher capital requirements have been invoked by exploiting a renewed edition of the Modigliani–Miller (M&M) theorem. This paper shows the limits of this claim by highlighting that the general statement that “bank equity is not expensive” can be misleading. The authors argue that market prices should play an important role in bank supervision. Expectations of future profits in prices supply timely information on the viability of a bank. Design/methodology/approach The authors use the Merton model to show the inapplicability of M&M theorem to banks. The long-run viability of a bank is analyzed with a dividend discount model which allows to compare a bank’s long-term profitability with its overall cost of capital implicit in market prices. Findings The authors show that the M&M framework cannot be applied to banks neither ex-ante nor ex-post. Ex-ante the authors focus on government guarantees, ex-post they emphasize the risk-shifting phenomena that may increase the overall risk of the bank. The authors show that a bank’s stability cannot be achieved if the market expectations of its future profits stay below the cost of funding. Research limitations/implications The authors use simple analytical models. In a future study, some key peculiarities of banks, such as the monetary nature of deposits, should be analytically modelled. Practical implications The paper contributes to the debate on capital regulation on the level of capital requirements and the instruments to assess the viability/stability of banks. Originality/value This paper uses simple models to assess analytically the key issues in the debate on banks’ capital regulation.


2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1207-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Folorunsho M. Ajide ◽  
Olasupo I. Bankefa ◽  
Rufus A. Ajisafe

In this article, we examined the effect of criminal activities on firms’ market power in Nigerian banking industry. Data sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria, National Bureau of Statistics, Nigerian Police force, annual report and accounts of commercial banks in Nigeria were analysed using autoregressive distributed lag-bound test methodology. The study revealed that crime, innovation, market size and capital requirements had negative relationship with firms’ market power in the long run. Criminal activity had no significant effect on firms’ power, while other variables had significant effects on market power. However, in the short run, crime had positive effect on firm’s power, while other variables had negative effect. Meanwhile, all the variables with the exception of innovation had significant effect on firm’s power. The previous period crime rate had significant and positive effect on current period of firm’s market power. This means a firm that employs sophisticated security devices would increase in market share by wooing more customers through deposit safety guaranteed. Consequently, such a firm enjoyed market power in the industry. While, in the long run, the market power disappeared, because most firms would have increased their security level. Henceforth, an attempt to provide for more sophisticated security devices would bring down normal profit in the long run. Therefore, such actions have no value to woo more customers. The study, therefore, concluded that while firms could consider criminal activities as a relevant variable in the short-run decision-making, such a variable becomes irrelevant in the long-run decision-making.


2005 ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Balashova

The method of analyzing and modeling cyclical fluctuations of economy initiated by F. Kydland and E. Prescott - the 2004 Nobel Prize winners in Economics - is considered in the article. They proposed a new business cycle theory integrating the theory of long-run economic growth as well as the microeconomic theory of consumers and firms behavior. Simple version of general dynamic and stochastic macroeconomic model is described. The given approach which was formulated in their fundamental work "Time to Build and Aggregate Fluctuations" (1982) gave rise to an extensive research program and is still used as a basic instrument for investigating cyclical processes in economy nowadays.


2014 ◽  
pp. 4-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Idrisov ◽  
S. Sinelnikov-Murylev

The paper analyzes the inconsequence and problems of Russian economic policy to accelerate economic growth. The authors consider three components of growth rate (potential, Russian business cycle and world business cycle components) and conclude that in order to pursue an effective economic policy to accelerate growth, it has to be addressed to the potential (long-run) growth component. The main ingredients of this policy are government spending restructuring and budget institutions reform, labor and capital markets reforms, productivity growth.


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