Battery Management Network for Fully Electrical Vehicles Featuring Smart Systems at Cell and Pack Level

2012 ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Otto ◽  
Sven Rzepka ◽  
Thomas Mager ◽  
Bernd Michel ◽  
Claudio Lanciotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Battery Management ◽  
Smart Systems ◽  
Electrical Vehicles

scholarly journals Active cell balancing for electric vehicle battery management system

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 571
Author(s):  
Thiruvonasundari Duraisamy ◽  
Deepa Kaliyaperumal
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
Ion Chemistry ◽  
Electrical Vehicles ◽  
In Series ◽  
Cell Balancing

The shrink in accessibility of petroleum products and increment in asset request are eventual outcomes for Electrical Vehicles (EVs). The battery has an impact on the performance of electrical vehicles, the driving range. Lithium ion (Li-ion) chemistry is extremely sensitive to overcharge and deep discharge, which can harm the battery, shortening its period of time, and even inflicting risky things. The Battery Management System (BMS) comprises of the consequent parts: management, equalization and protection. Of the three components, equalization is that the most crucial with respect to the durability of the battery framework. The ability of the full pack diminishes rapidly amid the procedure which leads to degradation of the full battery framework. This condition is extreme once the battery incorporates a more number of cells in series and frequent charging is conveyed through the battery string. The cell imbalance during charging, discharging is a major issue in battery systems used in EVs. To circumvent the cell imbalance, cell balancing is used. Cell balancing enhances battery safety and extends battery life. This paper discusses about different active balancing method to increase the life span of the battery module. Based on the comparison, the inductor based balancing method for 60V battery system is implemented in the MATLAB/Simscape environment and the results are discussed.

scholarly journals Innovative Incremental Capacity Analysis Implementation for C/LiFePO4 Cell State-of-Health Estimation in Electrical Vehicles

Batteries ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elie Riviere ◽  
Ali Sari ◽  
Pascal Venet ◽  
Frédéric Meniere ◽  
Yann Bultel
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Capacity Analysis ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Depth Of Discharge ◽  
Electrical Vehicles ◽  
Charging Current ◽  
Incremental Capacity

This paper presents a fully embedded state of health (SoH) estimator for widely used C/LiFePO4 batteries. The SoH estimation study was intended for applications in electric vehicles (EV). C/LiFePO4 cells were aged using pure electric vehicle cycles and were monitored with an automotive battery management system (BMS). An online capacity estimator based on incremental capacity analysis (ICA) is developed. The proposed estimator is robust to depth of discharge (DoD), charging current and temperature variations to satisfy real vehicle requirements. Finally, the SoH estimator tuned on C/LiFePO4 cells from one manufacturer was tested on C/LiFePO4 cells from another LFP (lithium iron phosphate) manufacturer.

Battery-Management System (BMS) and SOC Development for Electrical Vehicles

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. E. Cheng ◽  
B. P. Divakar ◽  
Hongjie Wu ◽  
Kai Ding ◽  
Ho Fai Ho
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
Electrical Vehicles

scholarly journals A Simple Robust Active BMS for Lithium Ion Battery Stacks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Conway
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
High Isolation ◽  
Electrical Vehicles ◽  
Isolation Transformer ◽  
Cell Balancing ◽  
Battery Module

A simple active battery management system for lithium ion battery stacks is described, that is robust and scalable. The architecture is based on an isolation unit consisting of a small equal turns ratio high isolation transformer with two diodes. One isolation unit is connected to each series connected cell in the battery stack and enables <b>both</b> accurate cell voltage monitoring and active cell balancing. The output of the isolation unit is completely galvanically isolated and thus suitable for high voltage packs with stringent safely requirements such as automotive and industrial electrical vehicles. Detailed measurements results are presented and a complete prototype for a LiFePO4 16s2p 2kWh battery module is constructed and its performance measured.<br>

A Simple Robust Active BMS for Lithium Ion Battery Stacks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Conway
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
High Isolation ◽  
Electrical Vehicles ◽  
Isolation Transformer ◽  
Cell Balancing ◽  
Battery Module

A simple active battery management system for lithium ion battery stacks is described, that is robust and scalable. The architecture is based on an isolation unit consisting of a small equal turns ratio high isolation transformer with two diodes. One isolation unit is connected to each series connected cell in the battery stack and enables <b>both</b> accurate cell voltage monitoring and active cell balancing. The output of the isolation unit is completely galvanically isolated and thus suitable for high voltage packs with stringent safely requirements such as automotive and industrial electrical vehicles. Detailed measurements results are presented and a complete prototype for a LiFePO4 16s2p 2kWh battery module is constructed and its performance measured.<br>

scholarly journals Design of Prototype Battery Management System

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2334-2338 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Management System ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Electrical Vehicles ◽  
Electrical Vehicle

The electrical Vehicle (EV) is already on the roadmap of each necessary automaker and is seen because the answer to a a lot of property transport system, contributive to a discount of the gas Emissions. the utilization of inexperienced energy is turning into {increasingly progressively more and a lot of} more necessary in today’s world. Therefore, electrical vehicles are presently the most effective alternative for the setting in terms of public and private transportation. Lithium-ion batteries are commonly used in electric vehicles, bec ause of their high energy density. Sadly, lithium-ion batteries are unsafe unless they are run in the Safety Operation space (SOA). Therefore, A battery management system (BMS) should be employed in each metal particle battery, particularly for those employed in electrical vehicles. Thus, it plays a very important role in coming up with the safer electrical Vehicles.

Factors Affecting Customer Switching Behavior towards Hybrid Electrical Vehicles (HEV’s) from a Customer Perspective in Jordan

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Bushra Mahadin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
International Marketing ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Switching Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Customer Switching ◽  
Electrical Vehicles

Purpose-This paper aims to investigate factors that affect customer switching from Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEV’s) to Hybrid Electrical Vehicles (HEV’s), in Jordan for the period of (2010-2014).Design/methodology/approach-A self-administered survey was hand-delivered to the targeted sample of car users in Jordan. The authors delivered 400 questionnaires to customers, from which 333 were deemed valid for the analysis, corresponding to the percentage of (83.25%) which indicates the validity of the study. Findings- There was no difference in switching behavior between (ICEV’s) and (HEV’s) based on gender in the Jordanian market. Fuel consumption efficiency was the number one variable that supports the switching behavior towards (HEV's), followed by Eco friendliness, lower taxes and technological features. Price and the current trend in the market were the least supporting factors. In addition to that the perception of the battery life of (HEV's), limited choices in the market, lack of information and fear of the relatively new technology were the major hindering factors of choosing an (HEV).Research limitations-Future research needs to investigate other factors that may affect customers’ behavior such as perceived image, trust, and subjective norms. Future research should investigate into the importance of environmental awareness and new technologies, and gender differences in behavior. From an international marketing standpoint, comparative studies between Jordanian and non-Jordanian customers are potential areas of future research for international marketing strategies and cross-cultural consumer behaviour analysis. Practical implications-The paper identifies the determinants of switching behavior. marketers should focus addressing customers concerns in terms of providing enough information and building awareness towards the technology and it's benefits towards the society and the environment.Originality/value-Our study is one of the few in Jordan that investigates the switching behavior towards vehicles technology. Our study is thought to have made a modest contribution to consumer behaviour literature and, specifically, for decision making process. It offers marketers insights into the determinants of switching behavior towards the hybrid vechicle technology and how this contribute to consumers’ decision making process and attitudes to achieve the intended behavioural outcomes

Imine Based Self-Healing Hydrogel Triggered by Periodate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Wolfel ◽  
Cecilia Inés Alvarez Igarzabal ◽  
Marcelo Ricardo Romero
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Crosslinking Reaction ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Smart Systems ◽  
Primary Amino ◽  
Vicinal Diols ◽  
Aldehyde Groups

<p>Design of materials with novel sensitivities and smart behaviour is important for the development of smart systems with automated responsiveness. We have recently reported the synthesis of hydrogels, cross-linked by <i>N,N'</i>-diallyltartardiamide (DAT). The covalent DAT-crosslinking points have vicinal diols which can be easily cleaved with periodate, generating valuable a-oxo-aldehyde functional groups, useful for further chemical modification. Based on those findings, we envisioned that a self-healable hydrogel could be obtained by incorporation of primary amino functional groups, from <a>2-aminoethyl methacrylate </a>hydrochloride (AEMA), coexisting with DAT into the same network. The a-oxo-aldehyde groups generated after the reaction with periodate would arise in the immediate environment of amine groups to form imine cross-links. For this purpose, DAT-crosslinked hydrogels were synthesized and carefully characterized. The cleavage of DAT-crosslinks with periodate promoted changes in the mechanical and swelling properties of the materials. As expected, a self-healing behavior was observed, based on the spontaneous formation of imine covalent bonds. In addition, we surprisingly found a combination of fast vicinal diols cleavage and a low speed self-crosslinking reaction by imine formation. Consequently, it was found a time-window in which a periodate-treated polymer was obtained in a transient liquid state, which can be exploited to choose the final shape of the material, before automated gelling. The singular properties attained on these hydrogels could be useful for developing sensors, actuators, among other smart systems.</p>

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