Why Trust Seals Don’t Work: A Study of User Perceptions and Behavior

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare perceptions and behaviors of end users participating in simulations in a high-fidelity physical mock-up of an operating room (OR) prototype with the perceptions and behaviors of end users in the built out ORs postoccupancy. Background: Simulation-based evaluations of high-fidelity physical mock-ups of proposed layouts are increasingly being conducted during the facility design process to understand impacts on workflow and potential adverse patient safety outcomes. Nevertheless, it is unclear to what extent user experiences in these simulated healthcare spaces are similar to those in built and occupied healthcare environments. Methods: Using interviews, surveys, and observations, this study compared user evaluations in a high-fidelity physical mock-up of an OR with user evaluations of the built and occupied OR postoccupancy. Workflow disruptions were also analyzed using video recordings for a simulated pediatric surgery and five pediatric surgeries in the actual OR. Results: This study found that user perceptions and behavior in the two types of environments were mostly similar with regard to perceived support for the location of surgeon workstation, perceived space and task performance, perceived access to storage locations, boom setup, and OR cleanability. Participant’s ratings differed for supportiveness of the mobile Circulating Nurse (CN) workstation, maneuvering booms, and environmental disruptions. Conclusion: Simulation-based evaluations are extremely beneficial during the design process and can provide valuable input to design teams as well as clinical teams about workflow and safety issues that allow design issues to be addressed before construction.

Download Full-text

Environmental Hazards and Behavior Change: User Perspectives on the Usability and Effectiveness of the AirRater Smartphone App

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18073591 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 3591

Author(s):

Annabelle Workman ◽

Penelope J. Jones ◽

Amanda J. Wheeler ◽

Sharon L. Campbell ◽

Grant J. Williamson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Behavior Change ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Protective Action ◽

Environmental Hazards ◽

Smartphone App ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

User Perceptions ◽

Behavior Change Wheel ◽

Shared Information ◽

And Behavior

AirRater is a free smartphone app developed in 2015, supporting individuals to protect their health from environmental hazards. It does this by providing (i) location-specific and near real-time air quality, pollen and temperature information and (ii) personal symptom tracking functionality. This research sought to evaluate user perceptions of AirRater’s usability and effectiveness. We collected demographic data and completed semi-structured interviews with 42 AirRater users, identified emergent themes, and used two frameworks designed to understand and support behavior change—the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) and the Protective Action Decision Model (PADM)—to interpret results. Of the 42 participants, almost half indicated that experiencing symptoms acted as a prompt for app use. Information provided by the app supported a majority of the 42 participants to make decisions and implement behaviors to protect their health irrespective of their location or context. The majority of participants also indicated that they shared information provided by the app with family, friends and/or colleagues. The evaluation also identified opportunities to improve the app. Several study limitations were identified, which impacts the generalizability of results beyond the populations studied. Despite these limitations, findings facilitated new insights into motivations for behavior change, and contribute to the existing literature investigating the potential for smartphone apps to support health protection from environmental hazards in a changing climate.

Download Full-text

How Homo economicus lost her mind and how we can revive her

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x1800033x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

Author(s):

Peter DeScioli

Keyword(s):

Economic Thought ◽

History Of Economic Thought ◽

Homo Economicus ◽

Economic Theories ◽

Target Article ◽

History Of ◽

The Mind ◽

And Behavior

AbstractThe target article by Boyer & Petersen (B&P) contributes a vital message: that people have folk economic theories that shape their thoughts and behavior in the marketplace. This message is all the more important because, in the history of economic thought, Homo economicus was increasingly stripped of mental capacities. Intuitive theories can help restore the mind of Homo economicus.

Download Full-text

The parent-offspring microbiome and neurobehavioral development

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18002819 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Author(s):

Jeffrey R. Alberts ◽

Christopher Harshaw ◽

Gregory E. Demas ◽

Cara L. Wellman ◽

Ardythe L. Morrow

Keyword(s):

Mammalian Species ◽

Social Emotional ◽

Behavioral Measures ◽

Neurobehavioral Development ◽

Emotional Function ◽

Neurobehavioral Outcomes ◽

Methodological Approaches ◽

And Behavior

Abstract We identify the significance and typical requirements of developmental analyses of the microbiome-gut-brain (MGB) in parents, offspring, and parent-offspring relations, which have particular importance for neurobehavioral outcomes in mammalian species, including humans. We call for a focus on behavioral measures of social-emotional function. Methodological approaches to interpreting relations between the microbiota and behavior are discussed.

Download Full-text

TEM evaluation of graded SixGe1-x heterolayers

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100088786 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 894-895

Author(s):

N. David Theodore ◽

Mamoru Tomozane ◽

Ming Liaw

Keyword(s):

Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors ◽

Gas Flow ◽

Field Effect Transistors ◽

Chemical Vapor ◽

Dark Field ◽

Bipolar Transistors ◽

Structural Quality ◽

Weak Beam ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

And Behavior

There is extensive interest in SiGe for use in heterojunction bipolar transistors. SiGe/Si superlattices are also of interest because of their potential for use in infrared detectors and field-effect transistors. The processing required for these materials is quite compatible with existing silicon technology. However, before SiGe can be used extensively for devices, there is a need to understand and then control the origin and behavior of defects in the materials. The present study was aimed at investigating the structural quality of, and the behavior of defects in, graded SiGe layers grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD).The structures investigated in this study consisted of Si1-xGex[x=0.16]/Si1-xGex[x= 0.14, 0.13, 0.12, 0.10, 0.09, 0.07, 0.05, 0.04, 0.005, 0]/epi-Si/substrate heterolayers grown by CVD. The Si1-xGex layers were isochronally grown [t = 0.4 minutes per layer], with gas-flow rates being adjusted to control composition. Cross-section TEM specimens were prepared in the 110 geometry. These were then analyzed using two-beam bright-field, dark-field and weak-beam images. A JEOL JEM 200CX transmission electron microscope was used, operating at 200 kV.

Download Full-text

Formation of defects in implanted hipox-structures

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100131668 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 1406-1407

Author(s):

Peter Pegler ◽

N. David Theodore ◽

Ming Pan

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Cross Section ◽

Semiconductor Devices ◽

Silicon Substrates ◽

Processing Conditions ◽

Pressure Oxidation ◽

Deep Trench ◽

Local Oxidation ◽

Trench Isolation ◽

And Behavior

High-pressure oxidation of silicon (HIPOX) is one of various techniques used for electrical-isolation of semiconductor-devices on silicon substrates. Other techniques have included local-oxidation of silicon (LOCOS), poly-buffered LOCOS, deep-trench isolation and separation of silicon by implanted oxygen (SIMOX). Reliable use of HIPOX for device-isolation requires an understanding of the behavior of the materials and structures being used and their interactions under different processing conditions. The effect of HIPOX-related stresses in the structures is of interest because structuraldefects, if formed, could electrically degrade devices.This investigation was performed to study the origin and behavior of defects in recessed HIPOX (RHIPOX) structures. The structures were exposed to a boron implant. Samples consisted of (i) RHlPOX'ed strip exposed to a boron implant, (ii) recessed strip prior to HIPOX, but exposed to a boron implant, (iii) test-pad prior to HIPOX, (iv) HIPOX'ed region away from R-HIPOX edge. Cross-section TEM specimens were prepared in the <110> substrate-geometry.

Download Full-text

A Qualitative Examination of User Perceptions of User-Driven and App-Controlled Hearing Technologies

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/2019_aja-19-0022 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 993-1005 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gitte Keidser ◽

Nicole Matthews ◽

Elizabeth Convery

Keyword(s):

Hearing Aids ◽

Care Delivery ◽

Hearing Aid ◽

New Technology ◽

Successful Implementation ◽

Semistructured Interview ◽

User Perceptions ◽

Template Analysis ◽

Training And Support ◽

And Training

Purpose The aim of this study was to examine how hearing aid candidates perceive user-driven and app-controlled hearing aids and the effect these concepts have on traditional hearing health care delivery. Method Eleven adults (3 women, 8 men), recruited among 60 participants who had completed a research study evaluating an app-controlled, self-fitting hearing aid for 12 weeks, participated in a semistructured interview. Participants were over 55 years of age and had varied experience with hearing aids and smartphones. A template analysis was applied to data. Results Five themes emerged from the interviews: (a) prerequisites to the successful implementation of user-driven and app-controlled technologies, (b) benefits and advantages of user-driven and app-controlled technologies, (c) barriers to the acceptance and use of user-driven and app-controlled technologies, (d) beliefs that age is a significant factor in how well people will adopt new technology, and (e) consequences that flow from the adoption of user-driven and app-controlled technologies. Specifically, suggested benefits of the technology included fostering empowerment and providing cheaper and more discrete options, while challenges included lack of technological self-efficacy among older adults. Training and support were emphasized as necessary for successful adaptation and were suggested to be a focus of audiologic services in the future. Conclusion User perceptions of user-driven and app-controlled hearing technologies challenge the audiologic profession to provide adequate support and training for use of the technology and manufacturers to make the technology more accessible to older people.

Download Full-text

Language and Behavior Disorders in School-Age Children: Comorbidity and Communication in the Classroom

Perspectives on School-Based Issues ◽

10.1044/sbi13.4.111 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 111-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alexandra Hollo

Keyword(s):

Language Impairment ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Language Disorder ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age ◽

Social Emotional ◽

Behavioral Support ◽

School Professionals ◽

Development Characteristic ◽

And Behavior

Language development is the foundation for competence in social, emotional, behavioral, and academic performance. Although language impairment (LI) is known to co-occur with behavioral and mental health problems, LI is likely to be overlooked in school-age children with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD; Hollo, Wehby, & Oliver, in press). Because language deficits may contribute to the problem behavior and poor social development characteristic of children with EBD, the consequences of an undiagnosed language disorder can be devastating. Implications include the need to train school professionals to recognize communication deficits. Further, it is critically important that specialists collaborate to provide linguistic and behavioral support for students with EBD and LI.

Download Full-text