Acetolactate Synthase Inhibitors

2002 ◽  
pp. 1-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsutomu Shimizu ◽  
Ishizue Nakayama ◽  
Kozo Nagayama ◽  
Takeshige Miyazawa ◽  
Yukio Nezu
Keyword(s):  
Acetolactate Synthase

Acetolactate Synthase of Suspension-Cultured Carrot Cells Resistant to Bensulfuron Methyl.

1992 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-300
Author(s):  
Kenji Usui ◽  
Jun-ichi Adachi ◽  
Srisom Suwangwong ◽  
Kozo Ishizuka
Keyword(s):  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Carrot Cells

scholarly journals Kinetic Studies on the Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase by Pyrimidinylsalicylic Acids

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsutomu SHIMIZU ◽  
Ishizue NAKAYAMA ◽  
Nobuhide WADA ◽  
Tohru NAKAO ◽  
Hiroshi ABE
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase

Enhanced metabolism and target gene overexpression confer resistance against acetolactate synthase‐inhibiting herbicides in Bromus sterilis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhab Kumar Sen ◽  
Katerina Hamouzová ◽  
Jakub Mikulka ◽  
Rohit Bharati ◽  
Pavlina Košnarová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Gene ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Gene Overexpression

scholarly journals A NEW MAP LOCATION FOR THE ilvB LOCUS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI

Genetics ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-77
Author(s):  
Thomas C Newman ◽  
Mark Levinthal
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Structural Gene ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Deletion Mapping ◽  
Donor Strain ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Linkage Of Genes ◽  
Map Location ◽  
New Alleles

ABSTRACT We isolated, in E. coli K12, new alleles of the ilvB locus, the structural gene for acetolactate synthase isoenzyme I, and showed them to map at or near the ilvB619 site. The map position of the ilvB locus was redetermined because plasmids containing the ilvC-cya portion of the chromosome did not complement mutations at the ilvB locus. Furthermore, diploids for the ilvEDAC genes formed with these plasmids in an ilvHI background facilitated the isolation of the new ilvB alleles. The ilvB locus was remapped and found to be located at 81.5 minutes, between the uhp and dnaA loci. This location was determined by two- and three-point transductional crosses, deletion mapping and complementation with newly isolated plasmids. One of the new alleles of the ilvB gene is a mu-1 insertion. When present in the donor strain, this allele interferes with the linkage of genes flanking the mu-1 insertion, as well as the linkage of genes to either side of the mu-1 insertion.

Smallseed Falseflax (Camelina microcarpa) Management in Oklahoma Winter Wheat

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jodie A. Crose ◽  
Misha R. Manuchehri ◽  
Todd A. Baughman
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Adequate Control ◽  
Growing Seasons

Abstract Three herbicide premixes have recently been introduced for weed control in wheat. These include: halauxifen + florasulam, thifensulfuron + fluroxypyr, and bromoxynil + bicyclopyrone. The objective of this study was to evaluate these herbicides along with older products for their control of smallseed falseflax in winter wheat in Oklahoma. Studies took place during the 2017, 2018, and 2020 winter wheat growing seasons. Weed control was visually estimated every two weeks throughout the growing season and wheat yield was collected in all three years. Smallseed falseflax size was approximately six cm in diameter at time of application in all years. Control ranged from 96 to 99% following all treatments with the exception of bicyclopyrone + bromoxynil and dicamba alone, which controlled falseflax 90%. All treatments containing an acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide achieved adequate control; therefore, resistance is not suspected in this population. Halauxifen + florasulam and thifensulfuron + fluroxypyr effectively controlled smallseed falseflax similarly to other standards recommended for broadleaf weed control in wheat in Oklahoma. Rotational use of these products allows producers flexibility in controlling smallseed falseflax and reduces the potential for development of herbicide resistance in this species.

scholarly journals New Strategies to Overcome Present CRISPR/Cas9 Limitations in Apple and Pear: Efficient Dechimerization and Base Editing

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Jaiana Malabarba ◽  
Elisabeth Chevreau ◽  
Nicolas Dousset ◽  
Florian Veillet ◽  
Julie Moizan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Cytidine Deaminase ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Discrete Variation ◽  
Adventitious Regeneration ◽  
Base Editing ◽  
Perennial Plants ◽  
Guide Rnas ◽  
Albino Phenotype

Despite recent progress, the application of CRISPR/Cas9 in perennial plants still has many obstacles to overcome. Our previous results with CRISPR/Cas9 in apple and pear indicated the frequent production of phenotypic and genotypic chimeras, after editing of the phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene conferring albino phenotype. Therefore, our first objective was to determine if adding an adventitious regeneration step from leaves of the primary transgenic plants (T0) would allow a reduction in chimerism. Among hundreds of adventitious buds regenerated from a variegated T0 line, 89% were homogeneous albino. Furthermore, the analysis of the target zone sequences of twelve of these regenerated lines (RT0 for “regenerated T0” lines) indicated that 99% of the RT0 alleles were predicted to produce a truncated target protein and that 67% of RT0 plants had less heterogeneous editing profiles than the T0. Base editors are CRISPR/Cas9-derived new genome-editing tools that allow precise nucleotide substitutions without double-stranded breaks. Hence, our second goal was to demonstrate the feasibility of CRISPR/Cas9 base editing in apple and pear using two easily scorable genes: acetolactate synthase—ALS (conferring resistance to chlorsulfuron) and PDS. The two guide RNAs under MdU3 and MdU6 promoters were coupled into a cytidine base editor harboring a cytidine deaminase fused to a nickase Cas9. Using this vector; we induced C-to-T DNA substitutions in the target genes; leading to discrete variation in the amino-acid sequence and generating new alleles. By co-editing ALS and PDS genes; we successfully obtained chlorsulfuron resistant and albino lines in pear. Overall; our work indicates that a regeneration step can efficiently reduce the initial chimerism and could be coupled with the application of base editing to create accurate genome edits in perennial plants.

Investigating the resistance levels and mechanisms to penoxsulam and cyhalofop-butyl in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) from Ningxia province, China

Weed Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Qian Yang ◽  
Xia Yang ◽  
Zichang Zhang ◽  
Jieping Wang ◽  
Weiguo Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Susceptible Populations ◽  
High Level ◽  
Als Inhibitor ◽  
Encoding Genes

Abstract Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) is a noxious grass weed which infests rice fields and causes huge crop yield losses. In this study, we collected twelve E. crus-galli populations from rice fields of Ningxia province in China and investigated the resistance levels to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor penoxsulam and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor cyhalofop-butyl. The results showed that eight populations exhibited resistance to penoxsulam and four populations evolved resistance to cyhalofop-butyl. Moreover, all of the four cyhalofop-butyl-resistant populations (NX3, NX4, NX6 and NX7) displayed multiple-herbicide-resistance (MHR) to both penoxsulam and cyhalofop-butyl. The alternative herbicides bispyribac-sodium, metamifop and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl cannot effectively control the MHR plants. To characterize the molecular mechanisms of resistance, we amplified and sequenced the target-site encoding genes in resistant and susceptible populations. Partial sequences of three ALS genes and six ACCase genes were examined. A Trp-574-Leu mutation was detected in EcALS1 and EcALS3 in two high-level (65.84- and 59.30-fold) penoxsulam-resistant populations NX2 and NX10, respectively. In addition, one copy (EcACC4) of ACCase genes encodes a truncated aberrant protein due to a frameshift mutation in E. crus-galli populations. None of amino acid substitutions that are known to confer herbicide resistance were detected in ALS and ACCase genes of MHR populations. Our study reveals the widespread of multiple-herbicide resistant E. crus-galli populations at Ningxia province of China that exhibit resistance to several ALS and ACCase inhibitors. Non-target-site based mechanisms are likely to be involved in E. crus-galli resistance to the herbicides, at least in four MHR populations.

Constitutive nature of the enzymes of citrate metabolism inStreptococcus lactissubsp.diacetylactis

1981 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy M. Cogan
Keyword(s):  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Streptococcus Lactis ◽  
Citrate Metabolism ◽  
Citrate Lyase ◽  
In Cells

SummaryFour enzymes of citrate metabolism (viz. citrate lyase, acetolactate synthase, diacetyl reductase and acetoin reductase) were constitutively present in cells of several strains ofStreptococcus lactissubsp.diacetylactis. In strain DRC1, which was studied in detail, diacetyl reductase and acetoin reductase were partly repressed and acetolactate synthase partly induced by growth on citrate. The stage of growth also affected the formation of each enzyme. The buffer species affected the activity of acetolactate synthase, diacetyl reductase and acetoin reductase.

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