Plant Cells Transformed by Modified Ti Plasmids: A Model System to Study Plant Development

1982 ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Schell ◽  
M. Montagu ◽  
M. Holsters ◽  
J. P. Hernalsteens ◽  
P. Dhaese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Model System ◽  
Ti Plasmids

scholarly journals Turgor, temperature and the growth of plant cells: using Chara corallina as a model system

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (350) ◽  
pp. 1481-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy E. Proseus ◽  
Guo‐Li Zhu ◽  
John S. Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cells ◽  
Chara Corallina ◽  
Model System

scholarly journals Genome Editing for Plasmodesmal Biology

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arya Bagus Boedi Iswanto ◽  
Rahul Mahadev Shelake ◽  
Minh Huy Vu ◽  
Jae-Yean Kim ◽  
Sang Hee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Molecular Function ◽  
Associate Protein ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Insight Into

Plasmodesmata (PD) are cytoplasmic canals that facilitate intercellular communication and molecular exchange between adjacent plant cells. PD-associated proteins are considered as one of the foremost factors in regulating PD function that is critical for plant development and stress responses. Although its potential to be used for crop engineering is enormous, our understanding of PD biology was relatively limited to model plants, demanding further studies in crop systems. Recently developed genome editing techniques such as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR associate protein (CRISPR/Cas) might confer powerful approaches to dissect the molecular function of PD components and to engineer elite crops. Here, we assess several aspects of PD functioning to underline and highlight the potential applications of CRISPR/Cas that provide new insight into PD biology and crop improvement.

Preface

1995 ◽  
Vol 350 (1331) ◽  
pp. 3-3
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Model System ◽  
Developmental States ◽  
Plant Genes ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
Whole Plants

The last Royal Society Discussion Meeting on plant development, held in April 1986, focused on the establishment of specific developmental states by differential gene expression. Few plant genes or cDNAs had been sequenced, and the dramatic opportunities offered by transgenesis, use of Arabidopsis as a model system and methods such as pcr were still well below the horizon. Nevertheless, the meeting served to highlight many of the unique features of plant development including an alternation between sporophytic and gametophytic generations, the absence of a maintained germ line, an autotrophic lifestyle coupled with a sedentary existence in a constantly changing environment, an indeterminate mode of growth associated with a programme of continuous differentiation throughout the life cycle, and spectacular developmental plasticity exemplified by the ability of single cells to regenerate into whole plants.

The interaction of Agrobacterium Ti-plasmid DNA and plant cells

1980 ◽  
Vol 210 (1180) ◽  
pp. 351-365 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cells ◽  
Ti Plasmid ◽  
Insertion Mutagenesis ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Left Border ◽  
Transposon Insertion ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Ti Plasmids ◽  
Right Border ◽  
The Right

The tumour-inducing plasmids of Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Ti-plasmids) reveal several interesting properties. They are catabolic plasmids, which, instead of rendering Agrobacterium strains capable of catabolizing compounds found in Nature, force a plant to synthesize these catabolites (denoted ‘opines’). This situation is obtained by insertion of a segment of the Ti-plasmid (the T-DNA) into the plant nucleus, where T-DNA genes become expressed and intervene in the biosynthesis of these opines. Cells containing the T-DNA behave as neoplasms (crown gall cells). Southern blotting shows that the insertion process responsible for T-DNA transfer probably recognizes special sequences on the T-DNA since the length of the T-DNA segment observed in different, independently isolated tumour lines was found to be similar. For the nopaline Tiplasmids both left-hand and right-hand borders were found to be constant. For the octopine plasmid the left border was constant and at least two classes of right-hand borders were found. Upon redifferentiation of the transformed plant cells, the T-DNA was found to be conserved in all somatic cells examined. However, small deletions at the border fragments of the T-DNA have been observed. The exact arrangement and copy number of the T-DNA in a nucleus is still under study, but genomic cloning has already revealed that an interspersed tandem arrangement is dominant in nopaline tumours. Clones containing both the right border of one T-DNA and the left border of the neighbouring tandem T-DNA were isolated. In order to identify the different T-plasmid encoded functions an extensive use was made of transposon insertion mutagenesis. When an antibiotic resistance transposon was inserted into the non-essential regions of the T-DNA, a linked transfer to the plant DNA of the transposon together with the T-DNA was observed. This indicates that Ti-plasmids are possible vectors for genetic engineering in plants. A strategy is described for insertion of any cloned DNA segment into the T-DNA.

Elucidating the determination of the rosette galls induced by Pisphondylia brasiliensis Couri and Maia 1992 (Cecidomyiidae) on Guapira opposita (Nyctaginaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziela Fleury ◽  
Bruno G. Ferreira ◽  
Geraldo L. G. Soares ◽  
Denis C. Oliveira ◽  
Rosy M. S. Isaias
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Insect Galls ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Development Site ◽  
Cambium Activity ◽  
Galling Insects

The modulation of plant development has been the focus of research on insect galls because galling insects induce distinct shapes to acquire the same necessities, shelter and food. Due to the variety of gall morphotypes, it can be assumed that the key processes for their development rely on plant cells’ morphogenetical potentialities. In the present study we investigated the rosette bud galls induced by Pisphondylia brasiliensis on Guapira opposita to check whether two morphogenetical pathways – the shortening of the internodes and the over differentiation of axillary buds – are independent or whether they are concomitant events towards the morphogenesis of the galls. Biometrical measures were made to test whether the final size of the galls is correlated with the number of inducers per gall. We noted that two patterns of activity were observed in gall meristems: the first differentiated pairs of leaves with opposite phyllotaxy, and the other differentiated new buds at the base of each leafy projection, with the development of sequential leafy projections, in a disorganised phyllotaxy. This second pattern repeated until gall maturation, when a master cambium, typical of the Nyctaginaceae, differentiated in larger galls. The two morphogenetical pathways occurred concomitantly, leading to the overproduction of leafy projections. Cell responses at gall development site produce mechanical protection to P. brasiliensis individuals. The larger galls have the higher number of inducers, and the coalescence of galls allows an increase in gall size by precociously triggering the master cambium activity, a developmental peculiarity of G. opposita uncommon for Cecidomyiidae galls.

Genetic control of identity and growth in the early Arabidopsis embryo

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 346-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolf Weijers
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Model System ◽  
Tissue Formation ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Embryonic Root

Plants can grow complex and elaborate structures, in some species for thousands of years. Despite the diversity in form and shape, plants are built from a limited number of fundamental tissue types, and their arrangement is deeply conserved in the plant kingdom. A key question in biology is how these fundamental tissues, i.e. epidermal, ground and vascular tissue, are specified and organized in time and space. In the present paper, I discuss the use of the early Arabidopsis embryo as a model system to dissect the control of tissue formation and patterning, as well as the specification of the stem cells that sustain post-embryonic growth. I present recent insights into the molecules and mechanisms that control both the specification and the subsequent growth of the different cell types within the embryonic root. Finally, I discuss major unanswered questions and future challenges in using the embryo as a model to decipher the regulatory logic of plant development.

Effect of medium constituents on the viability of immobilized plant cells

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 2095-2101 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jones ◽  
I. A. Veliky
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Calcium Alginate ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Model System ◽  
Respiration Activity ◽  
Buffer Mixture ◽  
Immobilized Plant Cells

Cell suspension cultures of Daucus carota, Cannabis sativa, and Ipomoea sp. were entrapped within a matrix of calcium alginate. Immobilized D. carota cells were chosen as a model system for studies on the effects of medium constituents on the viability (i.e., respiration activity) of the entrapped cells. The 71 V medium could be simplified by omission of hormones, NH4+N, and vitamins, and 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulphonic acid could substitute for phosphate as the buffering component of the medium. An examination of the effects of varying concentrations of sucrose, KCl, trace elements, and CaCl2 on the viability of the entrapped cells allowed a simple buffer mixture to be formulated. In this mixture, immobilized cells remained viable for at least 24 days and at 12 days could still transform digitoxigenin to periplogenin. Entrapped cells of C. sativa were similarly viable for at least 8 days.

Dunaliella salina: A model System for Studying the Response of Plant Cells to Stress

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1535-1547 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. COWAN ◽  
P. D. ROSE ◽  
L. G. HORNE
Keyword(s):  
Dunaliella Salina ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Model System

A model system to study the effect of SO2 on plant cells. III. Effects of sulfite on the ultrastructure of fern protonemal cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masamitsu Wada ◽  
Takashi Murata ◽  
Hideyuki Shimizu ◽  
Noriaki Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cells ◽  
Model System
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