Biological Monitoring of Exposure and the Response at the Subcellular Level to Toxic Substances

1989 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Monitoring ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Subcellular Level

scholarly journals Urine tropenol ester levels in workers handling tiotropium bromide synthesis: implications for exposure prevention and biomonitoring

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
Axel Muttray ◽  
Michael Schneider ◽  
Bernd Roßbach
Keyword(s):  
Biological Monitoring ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Tiotropium Bromide ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Positive Finding ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Raising Awareness

AbstractTropenol ester is a highly toxic anticholinergic substance and an intermediate used in industrial production of the bronchodilator tiotropium bromide. The aim of this study was to systematically test workers involved in its production for tropenol ester in urine to identify any exposure pathways and define additional preventive measures. Twelve workers performing tasks involving potential exposure to tropenol ester were repeatedly monitored at the end of each production cycle. Medical exams revealed no symptoms of acute poisoning with tropenol ester, but biological monitoring of urine showed 36 positive findings in 79 samples, with tropenol ester concentrations ranging between the detection limit of 54 pg/mL and 2160 pg/mL. We managed to establish the cause of only one positive finding, which was a hole in a protective glove, whereas the rest most likely occurred due to human error. Because of this, the plant decided to modify the production process by replacing tropenol ester with a safer intermediate. While it is the safest course of action, there where it cannot be taken, biological monitoring can be very helpful in raising awareness about exposure to toxic substances, including the new ones that have not been studied for their adverse potential.

Application of Hair Analysis for Biological Monitoring of Toxic Substances in Space

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazyna Zareba ◽  
Lowell A. Goldsmith ◽  
Thomas W. Clarkson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Monitoring ◽  
Hair Analysis ◽  
Toxic Substances

Serial thin sectioning for pre- and post-embedding immunohistochemistry: Achieving consistent and reliable results for a 3-D reconstruction

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
Antonia M. Milroy
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Serial Sectioning ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
High Quality ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Multiple User ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
Subcellular Level

In recent years many new techniques and instruments for 3-Dimensional visualization of electron microscopic images have become available. Higher accelerating voltage through thicker sections, photographed at a tilt for stereo viewing, or the use of confocal microscopy, help to analyze biological material without the necessity of serial sectioning. However, when determining the presence of neurotransmitter receptors or biochemical substances present within the nervous system, the need for good serial sectioning (Fig. 1+2) remains. The advent of computer assisted reconstruction and the possibility of feeding information from the specimen viewing chamber directly into a computer via a camera mounted on the electron microscope column, facilitates serial analysis. Detailed information observed at the subcellular level is more precise and extensive and the complexities of interactions within the nervous system can be further elucidated.We emphasize that serial ultra thin sectioning can be performed routinely and consistently in multiple user electron microscopy laboratories. Initial tissue fixation and embedding must be of high quality.

Pilot performance measurement methodology for determining the effects of alcohol and other toxic substances

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry L. Taylor ◽  
John A. Dellinger ◽  
Robert F. Schilling ◽  
Bruce C. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Pilot Performance ◽  
Measurement Methodology

For the question of xenobiotics biological monitoring

2017 ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Kudria M.Ya. ◽  
◽  
Lalymenko O.S. ◽  
Karachentsev Yu.I. ◽  
Zavhorodny I.V. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Monitoring

Development of reference materials with the composition of propyl and isopropyl alcohol solutions

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Irina A. Piterskikh ◽  
Svetlana V. Vikhrova ◽  
Nina G. Kovaleva ◽  
Tatyana O. Barynskaya
Keyword(s):  
Reference Materials ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Certified Reference Materials ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Biological Objects ◽  
Margin Of Error ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
And Control ◽  
Characteristic Mass

Certified reference materials (CRM) composed of propyl (11383-2019) and isopropyl (11384-2019) alcohols solutions were created for validation of measurement procedures and control of measurement errors of measurement results of mass concentrations of toxic substances (alcohol) in biological objects (urine, blood) and water. Two ways of establishing the value of the certified characteristic – mass consentration of propanol-1 or propanol-2 have been studied. The results obtained by the preparation procedure and comparison with the standard are the same within the margin of error.

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