Spatial and Temporal Variability of the Surface Air Temperature over the Duero Basin (Iberian Peninsula)

2001 ◽  
pp. 429-438
Author(s):  
M. D. Manso Orgaz ◽  
L. Caramelo
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Duero Basin

scholarly journals Suitability of a constant air temperature lapse rate over an Alpine glacier: testing the Greuell and Böhm model as an alternative

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (63) ◽  
pp. 120-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lene Petersen ◽  
Francesca Pellicciotti ◽  
Inge Juszak ◽  
Marco Carenzo ◽  
Ben Brock
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Lapse Rate ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Alpine Glacier ◽  
Temperature Lapse Rate ◽  
Boundary Layer Height ◽  
Air Temperatures

AbstractNear-surface air temperature, typically measured at a height of 2 m, is the most important control on the energy exchange and the melt rate at a snow or ice surface. It is distributed in a simplistic manner in most glacier melt models by using constant linear lapse rates, which poorly represent the actual spatial and temporal variability of air temperature. In this paper, we test a simple thermodynamic model proposed by Greuell and Böhm in 1998 as an alternative, using a new dataset of air temperature measurements from along the flowline of Haut Glacier d’Arolla, Switzerland. The unmodified model performs little better than assuming a constant linear lapse rate. When modified to allow the ratio of the boundary layer height to the bulk heat transfer coefficient to vary along the flowline, the model matches measured air temperatures better, and a further reduction of the root-mean-square error is obtained, although there is still considerable scope for improvement. The modified model is shown to perform best under conditions favourable to the development of katabatic winds – few clouds, positive ambient air temperature, limited influence of synoptic or valley winds and a long fetch – but its performance is poor under cloudy conditions.

Spatial and temporal variability of the Iberian Peninsula coastal low-level jet

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1605-1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Rijo ◽  
Alvaro Semedo ◽  
Pedro M. A. Miranda ◽  
Daniela Lima ◽  
Rita M. Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Low Level Jet

Spatial and temporal variability of periglaciation of the Iberian Peninsula

2016 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 176-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Oliva ◽  
E. Serrano ◽  
A. Gómez-Ortiz ◽  
M.J. González-Amuchastegui ◽  
A. Nieuwendam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability

scholarly journals Climate and basin drivers of seasonal river water temperature dynamics

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 3231-3247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cédric L. R. Laizé ◽  
Cristian Bruna Meredith ◽  
Michael J. Dunbar ◽  
David M. Hannah
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Stream Temperature ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Specific Humidity ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract. Stream water temperature is a key control of many river processes (e.g. ecology, biogeochemistry, hydraulics) and services (e.g. power plant cooling, recreational use). Consequently, the effect of climate change and variability on stream temperature is a major scientific and practical concern. This paper aims (1) to improve the understanding of large-scale spatial and temporal variability in climate–water temperature associations, and (2) to assess explicitly the influence of basin properties as modifiers of these relationships. A dataset was assembled including six distinct modelled climatic variables (air temperature, downward short-wave and long-wave radiation, wind speed, specific humidity, and precipitation) and observed stream temperatures for the period 1984–2007 at 35 sites located on 21 rivers within 16 basins (Great Britain geographical extent); the study focuses on broad spatio-temporal patterns, and hence was based on 3-month-averaged data (i.e. seasonal). A wide range of basin properties was derived. Five models were fitted (all seasons, winter, spring, summer, and autumn). Both site and national spatial scales were investigated at once by using multi-level modelling with linear multiple regressions. Model selection used multi-model inference, which provides more robust models, based on sets of good models, rather than a single best model. Broad climate–water temperature associations common to all sites were obtained from the analysis of the fixed coefficients, while site-specific responses, i.e. random coefficients, were assessed against basin properties with analysis of variance (ANOVA). All six climate predictors investigated play a role as a control of water temperature. Air temperature and short-wave radiation are important for all models/seasons, while the other predictors are important for some models/seasons only. The form and strength of the climate–stream temperature association vary depending on season and on water temperature. The dominating climate drivers and physical processes may change across seasons and across the stream temperature range. The role of basin permeability, size, and elevation as modifiers of the climate–water temperature associations was confirmed; permeability has the primary influence, followed by size and elevation. Smaller, upland, and/or impermeable basins are the most influenced by atmospheric heat exchanges, while larger, lowland and permeable basins are the least influenced. The study showed the importance of accounting properly for the spatial and temporal variability of climate–stream temperature associations and their modification by basin properties.

Spatio-temporal variability of near-surface air temperature in the Dokriani glacier catchment (DGC), central Himalaya

2018 ◽  
Vol 136 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 1513-1532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jairam Singh Yadav ◽  
Bhanu Pratap ◽  
Anil K. Gupta ◽  
D. P. Dobhal ◽  
R. B. S. Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Central Himalaya ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Spatio Temporal

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal variability of sugarcane yield efficiency in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Ricardo Marin ◽  
Gustavo Luís de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Sugarcane Yield

The objective of this work was to assess the spatial and temporal variability of sugarcane yield efficiency and yield gap in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, throughout 16 growing seasons, considering climate and soil as main effects, and socioeconomic factors as complementary. An empirical model was used to assess potential and attainable yields, using climate data series from 37 weather stations. Soil effects were analyzed using the concept of production environments associated with a soil aptitude map for sugarcane. Crop yield efficiency increased from 0.42 to 0.58 in the analyzed period (1990/1991 to 2005/2006 crop seasons), and yield gap consequently decreased from 58 to 42%. Climatic factors explained 43% of the variability of sugarcane yield efficiency, in the following order of importance: solar radiation, water deficit, maximum air temperature, precipitation, and minimum air temperature. Soil explained 15% of the variability, considering the average of all seasons. There was a change in the correlation pattern of climate and soil with yield efficiency after the 2001/2002 season, probably due to the crop expansion to the west of the state during the subsequent period. Socioeconomic, biotic and crop management factors together explain 42% of sugarcane yield efficiency in the state of São Paulo.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal variability in summer snow pack in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Vihma ◽  
O.-P. Mattila ◽  
R. Pirazzini ◽  
M. M. Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Snow Pack ◽  
Snow Density ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Dronning Maud Land ◽  
Snow Temperature

Abstract. To quantify the spatial and temporal variability in the snow pack, field measurements were carried out during four summers in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Data from a 310-km-long transect revealed the largest horizontal gradients in snow density, temperature, and hardness in the escarpment region. On the local scale, day-to-day temporal variability dominated the standard deviation of snow temperature, while the diurnal cycle was of second significance, and horizontal variability on the scale of 0.4 to 10 m was least important. In the uppermost 0.2 m, the snow temperature was correlated with the air temperature over the previous 6–12 h, whereas at the depths of 0.3 to 0.5 m the most important time scale was 3 days. Cloud cover and radiative fluxes affected the snow temperature in the uppermost 0.30 m and the snow density in the uppermost 0.10 m. Both on the intra-pit and transect scales, the ratio of horizontal to temporal variability increased with depth. The horizontal standard deviation of snow density increased rapidly between the scales of 0.4 and 2 m, and more gradually from 10 to 100 m. Inter-annual variations in snow temperature and density were due to inter-annual differences in air temperature and the timing of the precipitation events.

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