Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Crop Genetic Resources: The Role of the Public Sector in Sub-Saharan Africa

2003 ◽  
pp. 213-229
Author(s):  
Detlef Virchow
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sustainable Utilization ◽  
Crop Genetic Resources ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Circular Bioeconomy Research for Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: Innovations, Gaps, and Actions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiferaw Feleke ◽  
Steven Michael Cole ◽  
Haruna Sekabira ◽  
Rousseau Djouaka ◽  
Victor Manyong
Keyword(s):  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
International Institute ◽  
The Public ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Sub Saharan

The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) has applied the concept of ‘circular bioeconomy’ to design solutions to address the degradation of natural resources, nutrient-depleted farming systems, hunger, and poverty in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Over the past decade, IITA has implemented ten circular bioeconomy focused research for development (R4D) interventions in several countries in the region. This article aims to assess the contributions of IITA’s circular bioeconomy focused innovations towards economic, social, and environmental outcomes using the outcome tracking approach, and identify areas for strengthening existing circular bioeconomy R4D interventions using the gap analysis method. Data used for the study came from secondary sources available in the public domain. Results indicate that IITA’s circular bioeconomy interventions led to ten technological innovations (bio-products) that translated into five economic, social, and environmental outcomes, including crop productivity, food security, resource use efficiency, job creation, and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Our gap analysis identified eight gaps leading to a portfolio of five actions needed to enhance the role of circular bioeconomy in SSA. The results showcase the utility of integrating a circular bioeconomy approach in R4D work, especially how using such an approach can lead to significant economic, social, and environmental outcomes. The evidence presented can help inform the development of a framework to guide circular bioeconomy R4D at IITA and other research institutes working in SSA. Generating a body of evidence on what works, including the institutional factors that create enabling environments for circular bioeconomy approaches to thrive, is necessary for governments and donors to support circular bioeconomy research that will help solve some of the most pressing challenges in SSA as populations grow and generate more waste, thus exacerbating a changing climate using the linear economy model.

The Role of Public Population Institutions on Fertility Outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. May
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Decline ◽  
Fertility Transition ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Demographic Dividend ◽  
The Public ◽  
Population Policies ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract The UN Population Division currently projects the population of Sub-Saharan Africa will reach 4 billion by the end of this century, unless we see a sharp decline in the region’s fertility rates. Although the region has embarked on its demographic transition, this process is occurring at a slower rate than in the rest of the developing world and seems to be stalling in several countries. The economic benefits that would follow from an acceleration of the fertility decline are now widely recognized but the SSA leadership is only slowly changing its attitude towards population issues. This paper’s discussion of SSA population growth focuses on fertility, and the identification of factors that may lead to fertility decline, with particular attention to the direct influence of public institutions. These are the public institutions dealing with family planning programs or those designed to prepare and implement population policies and/or monitor the demographic dividend. Reviewing the experience of these institutions in the SSA context allows us to suggest ways to strengthen them with the view of accelerating the fertility transition in the region, opening a demographic window of opportunity, and capturing a first demographic dividend.

scholarly journals Relationship between Public Debt Burden and Health Expenditure in Sub-Saharan African Countries: The Role of Institutional Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rusmawati Said ◽  
Abdullahi Sani Morai
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Public ◽  
Debt Burden ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Relationship

The historically lower level of public health expenditure of sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries could be partly explained by the mounting debt burden of this region. This consumes a sizable proportion of their domestic resources to debt servicing and potentially decreases their overall budgetary allocations to various sectors in the economy and health expenditure in particular. Using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) approach on a sample of 43 sub-Saharan African countries, we examined the relationship between the public debt burden and health expenditure highlighting the role of institutional quality for the period 2000 – 2014. The empirical result confirms that the relationship between public debt burden and health expenditure in sub-Saharan Africa is negative. Interestingly, however, the marginal effect of the relationship between the public debt burden and health expenditure has shown that such a negative relationship turns out to be positive when the quality of the institutions is at maximum. This suggests that the relationship between the public debt burden and health expenditure in sub-Saharan Africa is a function of institutional quality.  Therefore, to minimize the negative impact of public debt on health expenditure in sub-Saharan Africa, governments should take determine stand to minimize its debt accumulation and intensify efforts toward the improvement of institutional quality in the region comprehensively.

Ghosts in the Academy: Historians and Historical Consciousness in the Making of Modern Uganda

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
Literary Heritage ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Economic Modernization

AbstractThe public and professional significance of precolonial History as a discipline has declined markedly across much of sub-Saharan Africa over the last forty years: History has been both demonized—depicted as deeply dangerous and the source of savagery and instability—and portrayed as irrelevant when set alongside the needs for economic modernization and “development.” This paper explores this trend in the context of Uganda, with a particular focus on the kingdom of Buganda, chosen for its particularly rich oral and literary heritage and the thematic opportunities offered by its complex and troubled twentieth century. The paper aims to explore how “the past”—with a focus on the precolonial era—has been understood there in several distinct periods. These include the era of imperial partition and the formation of the Uganda Protectorate between the 1880s and the 1910s; competition for political space within colonial society to the 1950s; decolonization and the struggle to create new nationhood in the mid-twentieth century; and political crises and partial recovery since the 1970s. Ultimately, the paper seeks to assess the role of History in a modern African society vis-à-vis the developmental agendas and notions of economic growth against which African “progress” and prospects for “stability” are currently measured.

The role of public research agencies in building agri-food bioscience impact and innovation capacity in sub-Saharan Africa: The challenge beyond science capability

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-125
Author(s):  
Helen J. Altshul ◽  
Larelle McMillan ◽  
Andrew Hall
Keyword(s):  
Research Capacity ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Public Science ◽  
The Public ◽  
Innovation Capacity ◽  
Global North ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
African Agriculture

Bioscience advances present important opportunities for economic development and sustainable intensification of African agriculture. In the global North, the private sector invests heavily in applied research, whereas in Africa the public sector shoulders the burden of developing research capacity. This article explores whether public science agencies should assume an expanded role to approach bioscience capacity using a system lens – developing capability for innovation within the whole system. The article identifies the types of intervention, beyond skills development, research infrastructure and funding that could enhance the potential of bioscience as an innovation driver. Following a summary of trends, a model of the system capacities required for bioscience impact and innovation is proposed and used to analyse a case study from East Africa. The results suggest that a fundamental rethink of the role of public science agencies within the wider biosciences landscape is required, necessitating complementary investments and a more complex network of partnerships across public and private sectors.

scholarly journals Beyond Disciplinarity

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 309-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Bompani
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Transdisciplinary Approach ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Role ◽  
Critical Social Science ◽  
Single Discipline ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
Investigative Process

The increasing public role of religion in Sub-Saharan Africa and the consequent studies that are emerging on the topic, force us to rethink how to interpret, approach, categorize and understand religion in the public. The pervasiveness of religion, and the impossibility of simply inscribing it within a single discipline pushes us to reconsider our approaches, methodologies and theories. Focusing on the emergence of “Religion and Development” (RaD) as a sub-discipline within the discipline of Development Studies, the article will show how the creation of “focused transdisciplinarity”, embedded in critical social science, can be an answer to the need of engaging with the multilayered nature of religion without compromising rigor and while still benefiting from methodologies and theories developed within a defined discipline. The article argues that a “focused transdisciplinary approach” allows research to navigate complexity and engage with issues while constantly reminding us of the origins of the investigative process in which the study is conducted.

The Creation and Evolution of the Donor Funded Market for Antimalarials and the Growing Role of Southern Firms

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-370
Author(s):  
Fabienne Orsi ◽  
Sauman Singh ◽  
Luis Sagaon-Teyssier
Keyword(s):  
Access To Medicines ◽  
Antimalarial Drugs ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
International Governance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Market ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Important Position

Since the early 2000s, the question of access to medicines at affordable prices for Southern populations has appeared as one of the major challenges for the international governance of health. But what is at stake is the creation of market for medicines in the global South, particularly countries in the Sub-Saharan Africa. These markets are new in nature in the sense that they are driven by international organisations where Southern firms, especially from India, occupy an increasingly important position. However, the specificity of these markets and the way they are constituted have been little analysed. In this article, we suggest focusing the attention on the constitution of the market of antimalarial drugs and highlighting the role played by Southern firms in this market. Our study focuses on the public sector market of antimalarial drugs. We provide an institutional and quantitative analysis of the creation of this public market. We then discuss the growing importance of the Southern firms, mainly Indian and Chinese, in this market.

scholarly journals Public Policies and Initiatives in the Energy Sector

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-82
Author(s):  
Bruno Michoud ◽  
Manfred Hafner
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Development Institutions ◽  
Sub Saharan

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the public sector and the tools at its disposal to decrease the risk perception in the clean energy sector in sub-Saharan Africa, encompassing policies, regulations and specific initiatives. It particularly targets policy-makers across the region, as well as development institutions supporting government agencies.

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