Root Growth and Function in Relation to Soil Structure, Composition, and Strength

2003 ◽  
pp. 151-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Bengough
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Root growth and function of three Mojave Desert grasses in response to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration

2000 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. YODER ◽  
P. VIVIN ◽  
L. A. DEFALCO ◽  
J. R. SEEMANN ◽  
R. S. NOWAK
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Mojave Desert ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 Concentration ◽  
And Function ◽  
Desert Grasses

Characterisation of three shoot apical meristem mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana

Development ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Ottoline Leyser ◽  
I. J. Furner
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Recessive Mutations ◽  
Phenotypic Characterisation ◽  
Dicotyledonous Plants ◽  
And Function

The shoot apical meristem of dicotyledonous plants is highly regulated both structurally and functionally, but little is known about the mechanisms involved in this regulation. Here we describe the genetic and phenotypic characterisation of recessive mutations at three loci of Arabidopsis thaliana in which meristem structure and function are disrupted. The loci are Clavata1 (Clv1), Fasciata1 (Fas1) and Fasciata2 (Fas2). Plants mutant at these loci are fasciated having broad, flat stems and disrupted phyllotaxy. In all cases, the fasciations are associated with shoot apical meristem enlargement and altered floral development. While all the mutants share some phenotypic features they can be divided into two classes. The pleiotropic fas1 and fas2 mutants are unable to initiate wild- type organs, show major alterations in meristem structure and have reduced root growth. In contrast, clv1 mutant plants show near wild-type organ phenotypes, more subtle changes in shoot apical meristem structure and wild-type root growth.

Effects of direct drilling on soil conditions and root growth

1975 ◽  
Vol 8 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Scott Russell ◽  
R Q Cannell ◽  
M J Goss
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Root System ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Organic Debris ◽  
Direct Drilling

Direct drilling affects the pore size distribution in the soil, the distribution of organic debris on and within the soil, and the soil structure. These changes in turn affect the development of the root system of the crop, with consequential changes on its nutrient supply and early growth.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PHOSPHATE ON NODULE PRIMORDIA OF SOYBEAN (Glycine max Merrill) IN ACID SOILS IN RHIZOTRON EXPERIMENTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Setiyo Hadi Waluyo ◽  
Tek An Lie ◽  
Leendert ’t Mannetje
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Limiting Nutrients ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
And Function ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Positive Effect

To clarify whether P had a direct or indirect effect on the nodulation  process of soybean grown in acid soils from Sitiung, West Sumatra, Indonesia, a series of rhizotron experiments, with special attention given to formation of nodule primordia, was conducted at Laboratory of  Microbiology, Wageningen University in 1998-2000. It was shown that Ca and P were essential nutrients for root growth, nodule formation, and growth of soybean in the acid soils (Oxisols). Ca increased root growth, number of nodule primordia, nodules, and growth of the soybean plant. This positive effect of Ca was increased considerably by the application of P. Ca and P have a synergistic effect on biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) of soybean in acid soils. Ca is important for the establishment of nodules, whilst P is essential for the development and function of the formed nodules. P increased number of nodule primordia, thus it also has an important role in the initiation of nodule formation. From this study, it can be concluded that Ca and P are the most limiting nutrients for BNF of soybean in the acid soils of Sitiung, West Sumatra, Indonesia.

scholarly journals Evaluation of commercial inorganic and organic fertilizer effects on arbuscular mycorrhizae formed by Glomus intraradices

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Linderman ◽  
E.A. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
And Function

Formation and function of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) are affected by levels of fertility in soil or fertilizers applied to soilless container mixes. For AM fungi, phosphorus (P) is the main element influencing colonization of host plant roots. The question addressed in this study was whether inorganic or organic fertilizers were more compatible with the formation and function of AM. Several controlled-release inorganic (CRI) fertilizers were compared with several organic (OR) fertilizers at different rates (½× to 4× the recommended rate) to determine (1) threshold levels of tolerance by the AM fungus Glomus intraradices in relation to root colonization, and (2) growth responses of `Guardsman' bunching onion (Allium cepa) and `Orange Cupido' miniature rose (Rosa spp.) plants grown in a soilless potting mix or sandy loam soil. AM colonization in soil was greatly decreased or totally inhibited by CRI fertilizers with high P content at the 2× rate or greater, whereas colonization was decreased but never eliminated by low-P OR fertilizers at the 3× rate or greater. Shoot growth of onions was similar with or without AM inoculation when fertilized with CRI, but in general was only enhanced by OR fertilizers if inoculated with AM fungi, compared to the noninoculated controls. Shoot and root growth of onions were significantly increased by AM inoculation when OR fertilizers were used at the 1× rate. In contrast, root growth was not increased by the combination of CRI fertilizers and AM fungal inoculation. Inoculation of miniature roses grown in sandy loam amended with 25% peat and perlite and fertilized with all the CRI or OR fertilizers resulted in high AM colonization, but without much AM-induced growth increase except where OR fertilizers or CRI fertilizers with low P were used. In a soilless potting mix, growth of miniature roses was less with OR fertilizers at the rates used than CRI fertilizers, but mycorrhiza formation was greater in the former unless P was low in the latter. These results indicate that release of nutrients from organic fertilizers, as a result of microbial activity, favors AM establishment and function more than most inorganic fertilizers unless P levels of the latter are low.

scholarly journals The quiescent centre and root apical meristem: organization and function

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph G Dubrovsky ◽  
Kris Vissenberg
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Root Apical Meristem ◽  
Quiescent Centre ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Cell Production ◽  
And Function

Abstract This special issue is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of Frederick Albert Lionel Clowes, who discovered the quiescent centre (QC) of the root apical meristem (RAM). His discovery was a foundation for contemporary studies of the QC and RAM function, maintenance, and organization. RAM function is fundamental for cell production and root growth. This special issue bundles reviews on the main tendencies, hypotheses, and future directions, and identifies unknowns in the field.

scholarly journals Effect of soil chiseling on soil structure and root growth for a clayey soil under no-tillage

Geoderma ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 259-260 ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio Renato Nunes ◽  
José Eloir Denardin ◽  
Eloy Antônio Pauletto ◽  
Antônio Faganello ◽  
Luiz Fernando Spinelli Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
No Tillage
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