scholarly journals Evaluation of commercial inorganic and organic fertilizer effects on arbuscular mycorrhizae formed by Glomus intraradices

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Linderman ◽  
E.A. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
And Function

Formation and function of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) are affected by levels of fertility in soil or fertilizers applied to soilless container mixes. For AM fungi, phosphorus (P) is the main element influencing colonization of host plant roots. The question addressed in this study was whether inorganic or organic fertilizers were more compatible with the formation and function of AM. Several controlled-release inorganic (CRI) fertilizers were compared with several organic (OR) fertilizers at different rates (½× to 4× the recommended rate) to determine (1) threshold levels of tolerance by the AM fungus Glomus intraradices in relation to root colonization, and (2) growth responses of `Guardsman' bunching onion (Allium cepa) and `Orange Cupido' miniature rose (Rosa spp.) plants grown in a soilless potting mix or sandy loam soil. AM colonization in soil was greatly decreased or totally inhibited by CRI fertilizers with high P content at the 2× rate or greater, whereas colonization was decreased but never eliminated by low-P OR fertilizers at the 3× rate or greater. Shoot growth of onions was similar with or without AM inoculation when fertilized with CRI, but in general was only enhanced by OR fertilizers if inoculated with AM fungi, compared to the noninoculated controls. Shoot and root growth of onions were significantly increased by AM inoculation when OR fertilizers were used at the 1× rate. In contrast, root growth was not increased by the combination of CRI fertilizers and AM fungal inoculation. Inoculation of miniature roses grown in sandy loam amended with 25% peat and perlite and fertilized with all the CRI or OR fertilizers resulted in high AM colonization, but without much AM-induced growth increase except where OR fertilizers or CRI fertilizers with low P were used. In a soilless potting mix, growth of miniature roses was less with OR fertilizers at the rates used than CRI fertilizers, but mycorrhiza formation was greater in the former unless P was low in the latter. These results indicate that release of nutrients from organic fertilizers, as a result of microbial activity, favors AM establishment and function more than most inorganic fertilizers unless P levels of the latter are low.

Arbuscular mycorrhizae and soil/plant water relations

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Augé
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Plant Colonization ◽  
Moisture Characteristic

The water relations of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) plants have been compared often. However, virtually nothing is known about the comparative water relations of AM and nonAM soils or about the relative influence of AM colonization of soil vs. AM colonization of plants on host water balance. In this review, I summarize findings that support the assertion that colonization of soil may play as important a role as colonization of roots regarding how AM symbiosis affects the water relations of host plants. We observed a slight but significant AM effect on the soil moisture characteristic curve of a Sequatchie fine sandy loam following 7 mo of mycorrhization by Glomus intraradices/Vigna unguiculata. In a separate study, few AM effects on either the wet or dry hysteretic curves were discernible after 12 mo of mycorrhization by G. intraradices or Gigaspora margarita on roots of Phaseolus vulgaris. Using myc- bean mutants, we determined that about half of the considerable promotion of stomatal conductance by G. intraradices and Gi. margarita was attributable to soil colonization and about half to plant colonization. A path analysis modeling approach revealed that soil hyphal colonization had larger direct and total effects on dehydration tolerance of bean than did root hyphal colonization or several other soil or plant variables. Key words: Mycorrhizal symbiosis, soil moisture characteristic, stomatal conductance, water relations

scholarly journals Physiology and growth of the watermelon grown under nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium rates via mineral and organic fertilizer

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e2509119677
Author(s):  
Francisco de Sales Oliveira Filho ◽  
Francisco Hevilásio Freire Pereira ◽  
Ewerton Gonçalves de Abrantes ◽  
Pedro Alves dos Santos ◽  
Carlos Alberto Lins Casimiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological and growth responses of watermelon under application of NPK rates using different proportions of mineral and organic fertilizers. The experiment was taken place in an area located at the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Campus Pombal - PB (6º48'16'' S and 37º49'15'' W), during the period from June to September 2013. The treatments consisted of three nutrient concentrations of N, P and K (50, 100 and 150% of NPK recommendation for watermelon) and five proportions of mineral and organic fertilizer (100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 to 0/100). The design was a randomized block in factorial scheme 3 x 5, with four replications. The amount of 100 % was the corresponding NPK 120 kg ha-1, respectively, for N, P and K. They were evaluated: gas exchange, leaf dry matter, stem, fruit and leaf area. The concentration of 150 % of the recommended NPK to the culture of watermelon was the most effective in increasing the physiological characteristics and dry matter accumulation in stem, leaf, fruit, and leaf area. The combined application of mineral and organic fertilizer provides equivalent photosynthetic rate isolated application of mineral fertilizer with an 50/50 ratio the most effective for this variable. The proportions 75/25 and 50/50 were the most efficient in dry matter accumulation in watermelon.

scholarly journals The influence of mechanical resistance and phosphate supply on morphology and function of maize roots.

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.R. Boone ◽  
B.W. Veen
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
And Function ◽  
Different Levels

In 3 pot experiments, maize cv. Avanti was grown on a marine sandy loam compacted to different pore vol. and supplied with different rates of P. Root wt. was not changed by different levels of mechanical resistance but root extension growth and cone resistance were curvilinearly related. At high mechanical resistance, root growth was more horizontal; vertical root growth was very limited at high cone resistances. Specific root length was also smaller, root diam. larger and fewer laterals/cm main root were developed although their av. length was not affected. The influence of mechanical resistance on root distribution and morphology reduced nutrient uptake and therefore shoot growth. With low P availability, P limited shoot growth more the higher the mechanical resistance. With sufficient P, K had the same effect. If an aboveground factor such as a low light intensity limited shoot growth, mechanical resistance had no effect on shoot growth. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Influence of Temperature, Low Nutrient Supply, and Soil Composition on Germination and the Growth of Sea Kale (Crambe maritima L.)

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Christensen ◽  
Uffe Bjerre Lauridsen ◽  
Christian Andreasen ◽  
Henrik Lütken
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Soil Composition ◽  
Edible Plant

Sea kale (Crambe maritima L.) is a wild edible plant with forgotten and undiscovered potential as a field vegetable. Its natural habitat is gravel beaches in northern Europe and the Black Sea. Three experiments were conducted to find the effect of temperature on seed germination and to determine plant growth response to organic fertilizer and soil types. Germination rates were estimated at three temperatures. Plant growth responses were conducted with application of two fertilizer concentrations [15 and 30 kg plant-available nitrogen (PAN)/ha] and by using four distinct soil types. Seeds sown at 20 and 15 °C reached a significantly greater germination rate after 32 days (48.0% and 40.4%, respectively) than seeds sown at 10 °C (16.6%). The number of days when 50% of the seeds that germinated during the experiment had germinated (T50) were 12.0, 11.8, and 16.8 days for 20, 15, and 10 °C, respectively. Application of 15 or 30 kg·ha−1 PAN did not result in any significant differences in plant size or biomass within 2 months of growth in sandy loam, but substantial plant heterogeneity was observed. Soil composition had a significant effect (P ≤ 0.05) on plant biomass. Plants grown in fine or loamy sand had the greatest growth and biomass. Sea kale seems to have a potential to become a field vegetable, because it grows well on other soil types than gravel. However, domestication processes of the species are required to obtain homogenous plants for future propagation.

scholarly journals Soil Amendment with Different Peatmosses Affects Mycorrhizae of Onion

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Linderman ◽  
E.A. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Gigaspora Rosea ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Glomus Deserticola

Formation of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) has been inhibited in soilless potting mixes that usually contain some proportion of peat moss. The cause of the inhibition has been thought to be high fertilizer P content in the media that suppresses spread of the fungal symbiont in the root tissue. However, there has also been some suggestion that the peats themselves may contribute to the inhibition. That possibility was explored in this study. A sandy-loam soil, in which mycorrhizae consistently enhance plant growth under P-limiting conditions, was amended with six different peats. Onions (Allium cepa 'White Lisbon'), as an indicator host, were grown in the mixes under P-limiting conditions, and were inoculated or not with the AM fungi Glomus deserticola or Gigaspora rosea. Plant growth response to inoculation with AM fungi (AMF) varied with the type of peat and AMF isolate. Inoculated plants generally had the highest root biomass when grown in soil amended with peat. Root colonization by the two fungal symbionts was also affected differently by different peat amendments. Root colonization by Glomus deserticola and Gigaspora rosea was inhibited by at least half of the peat types. However, the types of peat inhibitory to Gigaspora rosea colonization were not the same as those inhibitory to Glomus deserticola colonization. These results indicate that different peat amendments can suppress or enhance mycorrhiza formation on onion roots and resultant growth benefit under P-limiting conditions, depending on the mycorrhizal fungus used.

scholarly journals Organic Fertilizers Effect on Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Tuber Production in Sandy Loam Soil

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Farid Ahmed ◽  
M. Monjurul Alam Mondal ◽  
Md. Babul Akter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Tuber Production ◽  
Loam Soil

Potatoes are one of the most common and important vegetable crops in the world and carrying different health benefits that make them all the more essential as a staple dietary item for much of the world’s population. The high nutrient content, ability to adapt to marginal environments, relative ease of cultivation and low cost and high productivity are attributes that make potatoes one of the principal and most important sources of food and income for developing countries. Considering the importance of organic manure for potato cultivation, the experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of four organic fertilizers on potato tuber production in sandy loam soil. The most popular and easily available two potato cultivars namely Cardinal and Diamant and four organic fertilizers viz., cowdung at the rate of 8 t ha-1, chicken manure at the rate of 8 t ha-1, Rangpur Dinajpur Rural Service (RDRS) developed organic fertilizer at the rate of 740 kg ha-1 and Northern organic fertilizer at the rate of 500 kg ha-1 along with a control. The results revealed that the plant height, number of leaves, leaves fresh weight, yield contributing characters and yield were significantly different and higher in organic fertilizers over control. The highest plant height, leaf number, leaf fresh weight, total dry matter, absolute growth rate, tuber growth rate, tubers plant-1 and larger tuber size were observed in chicken manure which resulted the highest tuber yield (29.71 t ha-1) followed by cowdung (28.67 t ha-1) with same statistical rank. The third highest tuber yield was recorded in RDRS organic fertilizer (26.42 t ha-1) and Northern organic fertilizer (26.00 t ha-1). Besides, the potato cultivar, cardinal gave the highest tuber yield (26.39 t ha-1) compare to diamont (24.57 t ha-1). Finally, the potato cultivar cardinal and organic fertilizers, chicken manure followed by cowdung are recommended for potato cultivation in Rangpur region due to the highest yield production as well as maximum benefit-cost ratio.

San Luis (Chile Ancho pepper) with a Mixed Glomus spp. from Mexico and Glomus intraradices

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 501a-501
Author(s):  
Javed Husain ◽  
Fred T. Davies ◽  
Jonathan N. Egilla
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
San Luis ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio

The effect of a mixed isolate of arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi [Glomus spp. from Veracruz, Mexico] and a pure isolate of Glomus intraradices was assessed on the growth and gas exchange of `Chile Ancho' (Capsicum annuum L. cv. San Luis) under phosphorus (P) stress. The experiment was carried out under glasshouse conditions in 1-L plastic pots containing a pasteurized mixture of 1 sand: 1 sandy loam (v/v). Plants were inoculated or noninoculated with VAM. Plants were fertilized with a modified Long Ashton nutrient solution (LANS) containing 0 or 11 (g phosphorus/ml). Gas exchange measurements were taken 21 and 70 days after the experiment was initiated. Mycorrhizal plants at both 0 and 11 (g P/ml) had greater leaf area, fruit, root, stem and leaf dry mass, and a lower specific leaf area and root/shoot ratio than nonmycorrhizal plants. Nonmycorrhizal plants not supplied with P had a higher leaf area ratio than plants colonized with G. intraradices. Net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were not consistent with growth responses. There were no significant differences in growth and gas exchange between the two mycorrhizal isolates.

scholarly journals 141 Effects of Two AM Fungi on the Yield and the Quality of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Grown in Field Conditions

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 466A-466
Author(s):  
Henriette Gotoèchan ◽  
Jean Coulombe ◽  
Serge Yelle ◽  
Hèlène Desilets
Keyword(s):  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Loam Soil

Two cultivars of carrot were sown in a sandy loam soil over two seasons with and without introduction of commercial inoculum of Glomus intraradices or Glomus etunicatum, which was spread with an experimental sowing machine. VAM fungi effects on the yield and the quality of carrot varied from season to season. In 1997, both of the VAM fungi enhanced the average saleable yield of the two cultivars from 66.21 t/ha to 69.85 t/ha and 80.81 t/ha, respectively, for the treatment without the introduction of VAM fungi, G. etunicatum, and G. intraradices. The slight difference (5.03%) that occured between G. intraradices and the non-inoculated treatment, although not significant, represented 20.38% of the total percentage of rejected carrots. For the last season, the amount of rejected carrots was in the same range for all the treatments (13% to 14%). Nevertheless, both of the cultivars responded differently to mycorrhization. In both of the seasons, mycorrhizal colonization was high in all plots, with an average of 70% in the treatment without inoculation and 75% in those that received G. intraradices or G. etunicatum. In our experimental conditions, reduction of phosphate fertilization to 50% of the recommanded quantity had no influence either on the mycorrhizal colonization or on the yields.

Effect of Bio and Organic Fertilizers on Pumpkin's (Cucurbita pepo L.) Leave Content of N, P, and K

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
Ammar Hameed Madi ◽  
Jawad A. Kamal Al-Shibani
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Four Levels

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of bacterial bio-fertilization A. chroococcum and P. putide and four levels of compost (0, 1, 2, 3) tons.h-1 on the leaves content of N.P.K elements. The experiment was carried out in one of the greenhouses of the College of Agriculture - University of Al-Qadisiyah during fall season 2018-2019. It designed in accordance with the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates in sandy loam soil. The means of treatments were compared with the least significant difference (LSD) at (5)% probability level. The results present that the treatments of A. chroococcum, P. putide and compost at (3) tons.kg-1 significantly increases the leaves content of K.P.K compared to all other treatments in the flowering stage (4.970, 0.5000, and 4.930) mg.kg-1, respectively. This treatment was followed by the effect of the treatment of A. chroococcum and compost at (3) tons.kg-1, which increases the values of all traits except the leaf content of (P). Bio-fertilizer with P. putide + A. chroococcum significantly increases the leaves' content of P.

scholarly journals First reported quantitative microbiota in different livestock manures used as organic fertilizers in the Northeast of Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lampet Wongsaroj ◽  
Ratmanee Chanabun ◽  
Naruemon Tunsakul ◽  
Pinidphon Prombutara ◽  
Somsak Panha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Profiles ◽  
Soil Recovery ◽  
Local Farmers

AbstractNortheastern Thailand relies on agriculture as a major economic activity, and has used high levels of agrochemicals due to low facility, and salty sandy soil. To support soil recovery and sustainable agriculture, local farmers have used organic fertilizers from farmed animal feces. However, knowledge about these animal fecal manures remains minimal restricting their optimal use. Specifically, while bacteria are important for soil and plant growth, an abundance and a diversity of bacterial composition in these animal fecal manures have not been reported to allow selection and adjustment for a more effective organic fertilizer. This study thereby utilized metagenomics combined with 16S rRNA gene quantitative PCR (qPCR) and sequencing to analyze quantitative microbiota profiles in association with nutrients (N, P, K), organic matters, and the other physiochemical properties, of the commonly used earthworm manure and other manures from livestock animals (including breed and feeding diet variations) in the region. Unlike the other manures, the earthworm manure demonstrated more favorable nutrient profiles and physiochemical properties for forming fertile soil. Despite low total microbial biomass, the microbiota were enriched with maximal OTUs and Chao richness, and no plant pathogenic bacteria were found based on the VFDB database. The microbial metabolic potentials supported functions to promote crop growth, such as C, N and P cyclings, xenobiotic degradation, and synthesis of bioactive compounds. Pearson’s correlation analyses indicated that the quantitative microbiota of the earthworm manure were clustered in the same direction as N, and conductivity, salinity, and water content were essential to control the microbiota of animal manures.

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