Buddleja spp. or Buddleia spp. (Butterfly bush)

Abstract Butterfly bush (Buddleja davidii) is classified as invasive in several parts of the United States. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of four herbicides and two application methods on postemergence butterfly bush control. The four herbicides included: Roundup (glyphosate), Aquamaster (glyphosate), Garlon (triclopyr), and Arsenal (imazapyr). Application methods included spraying foliage with a CO2 backpack sprayer, and applying herbicide concentrate to recently cut stems (cut-stump method). Plants were treated in September with the maximum labeled rate for each herbicide. Cut-stump rates were determined such that the same amount of active ingredient was applied as in the spray treatments. Applications were made to plants several months after planting to simulate control of small recently germinated plants, and again to plants over 1 year old to simulate control of larger and more established plants. Summarizing results over both plant sizes and from two repetitions of the experiment, Roundup and Aquamaster provided higher levels of control compared to Garlon and Arsenal early in the experiment. Cut-stump applications provided more rapid control than spray applications. Despite differences in control when evaluated several weeks after application, all treated plants were dead when evaluated the following spring.

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Inflorescence scent, color, and nectar properties of “butterfly bush” (Buddleja davidii) in its native range

Flora ◽

10.1016/j.flora.2014.02.003 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 209 (3-4) ◽

pp. 172-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Gao Chen ◽

Weichang Gong ◽

Jia Ge ◽

Bruce L. Dunn ◽

Weibang Sun

Keyword(s):

Native Range ◽

Buddleja Davidii ◽

Butterfly Bush

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Effects of Primo Rate and Application Volume on Selected Herbaceous and Woody Landscape Plants

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-16.2.114 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 114-117

Author(s):

Gary J. Keever ◽

John W. Olive

Keyword(s):

Shoot Growth ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Landscape Plants ◽

Butterfly Bush ◽

Application Volume ◽

Indica Cultivar

Abstract Primo (cimectacarb) was applied to four herbaceous and six woody landscape plants at rates and in volumes recommended for turfgrass application. Phytotoxic symptoms, including bleaching or bronzing of foliage or bleaching of flowers, occurred in coleus, petunia, butterfly bush and azalea (Southern Indica cultivar). In general, symptoms were more severe with increasing Primo rate, while application volume had less effect. Effects on shoot growth were minimal and not considered of practical significance in a landscape setting.

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Time of Pruning Effects on Cold Hardiness of Butterfly Bush

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-22.1.1 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Jennifer C. Warr ◽

Gary J. Keever ◽

Douglas A. Findley ◽

J. Raymond Kessler

Keyword(s):

Cold Hardiness ◽

Treatment Temperature ◽

Buddleia Davidii ◽

Freezing Temperatures ◽

Butterfly Bush

Abstract A study was conducted over a two-year period to determine how time of pruning affects cold hardiness of butterfly bush (Buddleia davidii (Franchet) ‘Royal Red’). Plants were pruned in November, January, or March, and pruned and non-pruned plants were exposed to six freezing temperatures two weeks after pruning treatments were applied. In addition, plants pruned in previous seasons were included in subsequent freezing treatments. Plants were rated for injury 2 or 3 weeks after treatment (WAT), and for mortality at 6 WAT. In fall 2001, at −6C (21.2F), injury ratings were higher in pruned than non-pruned plants. At all other treatment temperatures, injury to pruned and non-pruned plants was similar. In fall 2001, mortality increased with decreasing temperatures and was higher in pruned plants than in non-pruned controls, regardless of treatment temperature. In winter and spring 2002, injury and mortality increased with decreasing temperatures, but were not affected by pruning treatments. In fall 2002, temperature decreased as injury rating and mortality increased, regardless of pruning treatment and pruned plants had a higher injury rating and mortality than non-pruned across all temperatures. In winter 2003, injury rating and mortality increased with decreasing temperatures and pruning did not affect either. Spring 2003 plants, which had deacclimated prior to freeze treatment, were not affected by pruning or freezing treatments.

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350 VASE-LIFE DETERMINATION OF SIX SPECIALTY CUT FLOWER SPECIES

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.5.480g ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 480g-481

Author(s):

Paul B. Redman ◽

John M. Dole

Keyword(s):

Echinacea Purpurea ◽

Deionized Water ◽

Vase Life ◽

First Year ◽

Cut Flower ◽

Fire Plume ◽

Cercis Canadensis ◽

Purple Coneflower ◽

Butterfly Bush

The postharvest attributes of six specialty cut flower species were studied. First year results indicate that Achillea filipendulina `Coronation Gold' had a vase-life of 10.7 days in deionized water (DI) and can be stored one week at 1.7°C and shipped for one day. Buddeleia davidii (Butterfly Bush) had a vase life of 3.8 days in DI water and tolerated two weeks of cold storage and two days of shipping. Celosia plumosa `Forest Fire' (Plume Celosia) had a vase-life of 5.9 days in DI water and tolerated 2 days of shipping. Cercis canadensis (Redbud) had a vase-life of 9 days in DI water and tolerated one day of shipping. Echinacea purpurea `Bright Star' (Purple Coneflower) had a vase-life of 4.6 days in DI water and tolerated 2 weeks of storage and five days of shipping. Helianthus maximilianii (Maximillian Sunflower) had a vase-life of 6.3 days in DI water and tolerated one week of storage. In addition, silver thiosulfate and 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate increased vase-life of Buddeleia davidii, Celosia plumosa, Echinacea purpurea, and Helianthus maximilianii.

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Evaluation of 14 Butterfly Bush Taxa Grown in Western and Southern Florida: I. Visual Quality, Growth, and Development

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.14.4.0605 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 605-612 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sandra B. Wilson ◽

Laurie K. Mecca ◽

Mack Thetford ◽

Josiah S. Raymer

Keyword(s):

Growth And Development ◽

Growth Index ◽

Visual Quality ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Plant Canopy ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Plant Form ◽

Southern Florida ◽

Butterfly Bush

Plant growth, visual quality and flowering were assessed for 14 butterfly bush (Buddleja) taxa planted in western Florida (Milton) and central southern Florida (Fort Pierce). In both locations, `Violet Eyes' butterfly bush (B. weyeriana × B. lindleyana), `Honeycomb' butterfly bush (B. × weyeriana), `Moonlight' butterfly bush (B. × weyeriana), and `Sungold' butterfly bush (B. × weyeriana) generally had the greatest growth index and shoot dry weight of all cultivars. In Fort Pierce and Milton, flower dry weights of `White Profusion' butterfly bush (B. davidii), `Nanho Alba' butterfly bush (B. davidii var. nanhoensis), and `Dartmoor' butterfly bush (B. davidii × B. davidii var. nanhoensis) were among the highest as compared to other cultivars at each site, although in Milton, `Gloster' butterfly bush (B. lindleyana), japanese butterfly bush (B. japonica) and `Honeycomb' butterfly bush also had high flower dry weights. Peak plant performance varied by month, cultivar and location. At 12 weeks, plant form and color were above average for each cultivar with the exception of `Black Knight' butterfly bush (B. davidii), lindley's butterfly bush (B. lindleyana), and `Gloster' butterfly bush in the Fort Pierce location only. After 24 weeks at each location, visual quality was above average for `Black Knight', `Dartmoor', `Gloster', `Honeycomb', `Violet Eyes', and japanese butterfly bush. Peak flowering times varied with cultivar and location. At 24 weeks, flowering of `White Profusion', `Nanho Alba', `Nanho Blue', and `Nanho Purple' butterfly bush grown in Fort Pierce was 25% to 40% less than that of the same cultivars grown in Milton. At 24 weeks, `Dartmoor' had the most flowers in both locations, covering 75% of the plant canopy.

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Natural hybridization between two butterfly bushes in Tibet: dominance of F1 hybrids promotes strong reproductive isolation

10.21203/rs.3.rs-42245/v3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rongli Liao ◽

Weibang Sun ◽

Yongpeng Ma

Keyword(s):

Morphological Characters ◽

Natural Hybridization ◽

Hybrid Origin ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Sympatric Populations ◽

Intergenic Spacers ◽

Typical Distribution ◽

Hybridization Origin ◽

Butterfly Bush ◽

Disturbed Habitats

Abstract Background: It has been recognized that certain amount of habitat disturbance is a prerequisite for occurrence of natural hybridization, yet we are currently still not aware of any studies exploring hybridization and reproductive barriers to those plants preferably occupying disturbed habitats. Buddleja plants (also called butterfly bush) generally grow in disturbed habitat, and several species with hybrid origin only on basis of morphology evidence have been proposed. Results: In the present study, we test the natural hybridization origin hypothesis of B. × wardii in two sympatric populations of three taxa including B. × wardii and its parents (B. alternifolia and B. crispa) plus 4 referenced parental populations, using four nuclear genes and three chloroplast intergenic spacers, as well as with 10 morphological characters. Our results suggest that at both sites B. × wardii was likely to be hybrids between B. alternifolia and B. crispa, and moreover, most of the hybrids examined were confirmed to be F1s. This was further supported by morphology as no transgressive characters were detected. B. crispa was found to be the maternal parent in Bahe (BH) population from the cpDNA. While in the Taji (TJ) population was difficult to distinguish the hybridization direction due to the shared haplotypes of cpDNA between B. alternifolia and B. crispa, we still predicted the similar unidirectional hybridization pattern due to results from cross-specific pollination treatments which supported the “SI x SC rule”. Conclusions: Hybrids mainly consisting of F1s can successfully impede gene flow and thus maintain species boundaries of parental species in its typical distribution of Buddleja, i.e. disturbed habitats.

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Peronospora hariotii on Buddleja in the Czech Republic

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/44/2008-pps ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 45 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 12-15

Author(s):

I. Šafránková ◽

J. Müller

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Downy Mildew ◽

Leaf Spot ◽

Leaf Spot Disease ◽

Sexual Stage ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Spot Disease ◽

Microscopic Features ◽

Butterfly Bush ◽

Downy Mildew Disease

A downy mildew was observed on Buddleja × weyeriana Weyer ex Rehd. (B. davidii × globosa) cv. Sungold in a nursery in the northern part of the Czech Republic in July 2008. This downy mildew disease of Buddleja (Butterfly Bush) had been unknown in the country so far. Characteristics of visual symptoms and microscopic features are described. The morphology of the fungus was typical for Peronospora hariotii, conforming to the published description by GÄUMANN (1919). The sexual stage was not found. This is the first report of Peronospora hariotii causing leaf spot disease on Buddleja in the Czech Republic.

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