Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Pathotypes (DEP) Including Enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC)/Shiga-toxin E. coli (STEC)

Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes (DEP) are important foodborne pathogens in various countries, including Mexico. However, no data exist on the presence of DEP on fresh tomatoes (Solanum lycopericum) from Mexico. The frequency of fecal coliforms (FC), E. coli, and DEP were determined for two tomato varieties. One hundred samples of a saladette tomato variety and 100 samples of a red round tomato variety were collected from public markets in Pachuca, Mexico. Each tomato sample consisted of four whole tomatoes. For the 100 saladette samples, coliform bacterial, FC, E. coli, and DEP were identified in 100, 70, 60, and 10% of samples, respectively. For the 100 red round samples, coliform bacterial, FC, E. coli, and DEP were identified in 100, 75, 65, and 11% of samples, respectively. Identified DEP included Shiga toxin–producing E. coli (STEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC). STEC were isolated from 6% of saladette samples and 5% of red round samples. ETEC were isolated from 3% of saladette samples and 4% of red round samples. EPEC were isolated from 2% of saladette samples and 3% of red round samples, and EIEC were isolated from 1% of saladette samples. Both STEC and ETEC were identified in two saladette samples and 1 red round sample. E. coli O157:H7 was not detected in any STEC-positive samples.

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Hemolysin-Producing Strains among Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Children under 2 Years Old with Diarrheal Disease

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9121022 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1022

Author(s):

Anca Mare ◽

Adrian Man ◽

Felicia Toma ◽

Cristina Nicoleta Ciurea ◽

Răzvan Lucian Coșeriu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Shiga Toxin ◽

Diarrheal Disease ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

E Coli ◽

Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli ◽

O Antigens ◽

Hlya Gene ◽

High Diversity

Even if serotyping based on O antigens is still routinely used by most laboratories for the detection of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, this method can provide false-positive reactions, due to the high diversity of O antigens. Molecular methods represent a valuable tool that clarifies these situations. In the Bacteriology Laboratory of Mureș County Hospital, between May 2016 and July 2019, 160 diarrheagenic E. coli strains were isolated from children under 2 years old with diarrheic disease. The strains were identified as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC)/enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) via agglutination with polyvalent sera. STEC strains were serotyped using monovalent sera for serogroup O157. Simplex PCR was performed on the strains to determine the presence of the hlyA gene, and, for the positive ones, the hemolytic activity was tested. Antibiotic susceptibility of the identified diarrheagenic E. coli strains was also investigated. STEC strains were the most frequently identified (49.1%), followed by EPEC (40.2%). The hlyA gene was identified in 12 cases, representing 18.2% of the STEC strains. Even if the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains represented only 10%, a relevant percentage of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains (24%) was identified.

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Prevalence of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in Finns with or without Diarrhea during a Round-the-World Trip

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.38.12.4425-4429.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 38 (12) ◽

pp. 4425-4429 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Markku Keskimäki ◽

Leena Mattila ◽

Heikki Peltola ◽

Anja Siitonen

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Primary Culture ◽

Shiga Toxin ◽

Clinical Picture ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Bacterial Pathogens ◽

E Coli ◽

Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Enteropathogenic Bacteria ◽

The World

The incidence of diarrhea and the prevalence of bacterial enteropathogens, viruses, and parasites in feces of subjects with and without diarrhea were evaluated in 204 Finns traveling round the world (from Finland to China, Malaysia, Australia, Fiji, Chile, and Brazil and back to Finland). Special emphasis was placed on the finding of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (enterotoxigenic, enteropathogenic, Shiga toxin-producing, and enteroaggregative strains) by PCR from growth on primary culture plates. From the PCR-positive samples, corresponding strains were isolated, confirmed as E. coli, and O serotyped. Of all the subjects, 37% experienced a total of 90 episodes of diarrhea. No adenoviruses or rotaviruses were detected, and findings of parasites were insignificant. In contrast, enteropathogenic bacteria were present in 62% of the 65 diarrheal and in 33% of the 127 nondiarrheal samples (P < 0.001); diarrheagenic E. coli strains were found in 35 and 26% of these, respectively (not statistically significant). As a single pathogen, E. coli was found in 20 and 24% of samples (not significant). Of all diarrheagenic E. coli strains, enteropathogenic strains were the most commonly found independently of the clinical picture of the subjects, whereas Salmonella enterica as a single pathogen was the most common non-E. coli organism found in diarrheal samples. Multiple bacterial pathogens were found 10 times more commonly in diarrheal than in nondiarrheal samples (20 versus 2%; P < 0.001).

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Influence of dry and wet beef maturation on the microbiological quality and safety

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n1p155 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 155-166

Author(s):

José Carlos Ribeiro Júnior ◽

◽

Isac Gabriel Cunha dos Santos ◽

Bianca Pereira Dias ◽

Wescley Faccini Augusto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Shiga Toxin ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Longissimus Dorsi ◽

Quality And Safety ◽

Maturation Process ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

E Coli ◽

Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Indicator Microorganism

The most used methods for the maturation process are vacuum (wet-aged) and dry (dry-aged), which can influence the microbiological quality and safety of meat for consumption. In this study, we aimed to verify the differences in microbiological quality between beef (Longissimus dorsi) that was wet-aged and dry-aged for 30 days, by quantification of indicator microorganism groups and molecular identification of Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. This study verified that the meat matured by the dry-aged method showed significantly lower counts of total coliforms, aerobic mesophiles, psychrotrophs, and molds and yeasts as compared to wet-aged meat. While the Salmonella spp. was not isolated in any beef sample, L. monocytogenes and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) were isolated only from wet-aged beef. Thus, it was concluded that the superficial dehydration of the meat during dry-aged maturation, if carried out correctly and hygienically, confers higher microbiological quality and can reduce the occurrence of microbiological hazards.

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Characterization of Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli Strains Isolated from Slaughtered Sheep in México

10.21203/rs.3.rs-573147/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jorge Acosta-Dibarrat ◽

Edgar Enriquez-Gómez ◽

Martín Talavera-Rojas ◽

Edgardo Soriano-Vargas ◽

Armando Navarro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Central Region ◽

Shiga Toxin ◽

E Coli ◽

Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Food Borne ◽

Almost All

Abstract Sheep represent one of the main reservoirs of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli; this microorganism is an etiological agent of food-borne diseases, therefore, this work aimed to identify and characterize the principal pathotypes of diarrheagenic E. coli obtained through rectal swabs and samples from sheep carcasses slaughtered in an abattoir at the central region of Mexico. The isolates were subjected to bacteriological identification, serotyping; phylogenetic classification; detection for virulence factors, and antimicrobial sensibility. A total of 90 E. coli isolates were obtained, diarrheagenic serotypes with health public relevance were found: O76:H19 (5), O146:H21 (3), O91:H10 (2), O6:NM (1), and O8:NM (1). According to pathotype, 47.7% of total isolates were Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, while 3.3% were enteropathogenic, 2.2% enterotoxigenic, and 1.1% enteroinvasive E. coli; the remaining isolates did not express the genes used to assign them to some pathotype. Regarding the Shiga toxin subtypes, 31/43 (72.09%) were cataloged as stx1c, 11/43 (25.5%), stx1a- stx1c and 1/43 (2.3%) stx1a- stx1d; while for stx2 it was possible identify stx2g 4/7(57.14%), stx2b 1/7 (14.7%) and stx2b-stx2g 2/7 (28.5%). Almost all pathotypes (91–100%) belonged to phylogroup B1. Furthermore, it was observed that the 90 isolates showed an antimicrobial resistance of 100% to nitrofurantoin, followed by ampicillin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. These results highlight the importance of diarrheagenic E. coli as a potential risk for public health during the slaughtering process.

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Usefulness of a Multiplex PCR for Detection of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in a Diagnostic Microbiology Laboratory Setting

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.3329/bjmm.v1i2.21506 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 38-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Khairun Nessa ◽

Dilruba Ahmed ◽

Johirul Islam ◽

FM Lutful Kabir ◽

M Anowar Hossain

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Multiplex Pcr ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Proteinase K ◽

Microbiology Laboratory ◽

Pcr Assay ◽

E Coli ◽

Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Multiplex Pcr Assay ◽

Diagnostic Microbiology

A multiplex PCR assay was evaluated for diagnosis of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in stool samples of patients with diarrhoea submitted to a diagnostic microbiology laboratory. Two procedures of DNA template preparationproteinase K buffer method and the boiling method were evaluated to examine isolates of E. coli from 150 selected diarrhoeal cases. By proteinase K buffer method, 119 strains (79.3%) of E. coli were characterized to various categories by their genes that included 55.5% enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), 18.5% enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), 1.7% enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and 0.8% Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). Although boiling method was less time consuming (<24 hrs) and less costly (<8.0 US $/ per test) but was less efficient in typing E. coli compared to proteinase K method (41.3% vs. 79.3% ; p<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of boiling method compared to proteinase K method was 48.7% and 87.1% while the positive and negative predictive value was 93.5% and 30.7%, respectively. The majority of pathogenic E. coli were detected in children (78.0%) under five years age with 53.3% under one year, and 68.7% of the children were male. Children under 5 years age were frequently infected with EAEC (71.6%) compared to ETEC (24.3%), EPEC (2.7%) and STEC (1.4%). The multiplex PCR assay could be effectively used as a rapid diagnostic tool for characterization of diarrheagenic E. coli using a single reaction tube in the clinical laboratory setting.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2007; 01 (02): 38-42

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Autotransporter Protein-Encoding Genes of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Are Found in both Typical and Atypical Enteropathogenic E. coli Strains

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02635-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

pp. 411-414 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Afonso G. Abreu ◽

Vanessa Bueris ◽

Tatiane M. Porangaba ◽

Marcelo P. Sircili ◽

Fernando Navarro-Garcia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Content Type ◽

E Coli ◽

Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Virulence Markers ◽

Protein Encoding ◽

Encoding Genes ◽

Specific Virulence

ABSTRACTAutotransporter (AT) protein-encoding genes of diarrheagenicEscherichia coli(DEC) pathotypes (cah,eatA,ehaABCDJ,espC,espI,espP,pet,pic,sat, andtibA) were detected in typical and atypical enteropathogenicE. coli(EPEC) in frequencies between 0.8% and 39.3%. Although these ATs have been described in particular DEC pathotypes, their presence in EPEC indicates that they should not be considered specific virulence markers.

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Search for diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in raw kibbe samples reveals the presence of Shiga toxin-producing strains

Food Control ◽

10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.11.018 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 63 ◽

pp. 165-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jacqueline Tanury Macruz Peresi ◽

Ivete Aparecida Zago Castanheira de Almeida ◽

Tânia Mara Ibelli Vaz ◽

Rodrigo Tavanelli Hernandes ◽

Inara Siqueira de Carvalho Teixeira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Shiga Toxin ◽

Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli

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Prevalence and molecular characterisation of shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli in raw milk cheeses from Lazio region, Italy

Italian Journal of Food Safety ◽

10.4081/ijfs.2016.4566 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Selene Marozzi ◽

Paola De Santis ◽

Sarah Lovari ◽

Roberto Condoleo ◽

Stefano Bilei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Shiga Toxin ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Foodborne Diseases ◽

Control Plan ◽

Lazio Region ◽

Standard Methods ◽

E Coli ◽

Regional Control ◽

Unpasteurized Milk

In recent years, the incidence of foodborne diseases caused by shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) has increased globally. For this reason, within the specific regional control plan for the detection of STEC in food products in Italy, the presence of STEC in unpasteurized milk cheeses was investigated. In total 203 samples obtained from March 2011 to December 2013 were analysed, with two standard methods (ISO 16654:2001 and ISO 13136:2012). Two strains of E. coli O157 were isolated (2/161, 1.2%) but did not carry any virulence-associated genes and 22 stx-positive samples (22/146, 15.1%) were detected in enrichment cultures, mostly from ovine cheeses. Only two strains isolated from different ovine cheeses carried stx gene and none of these was eae-positive. This study confirms the presence of stx-positive E. coli and suggests that this type of food cannot be excluded as a potential vehicle of STEC.

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