scholarly journals Prevalence of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in Finns with or without Diarrhea during a Round-the-World Trip

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 4425-4429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markku Keskimäki ◽  
Leena Mattila ◽  
Heikki Peltola ◽  
Anja Siitonen
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Primary Culture ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Enteropathogenic Bacteria ◽  
The World

The incidence of diarrhea and the prevalence of bacterial enteropathogens, viruses, and parasites in feces of subjects with and without diarrhea were evaluated in 204 Finns traveling round the world (from Finland to China, Malaysia, Australia, Fiji, Chile, and Brazil and back to Finland). Special emphasis was placed on the finding of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (enterotoxigenic, enteropathogenic, Shiga toxin-producing, and enteroaggregative strains) by PCR from growth on primary culture plates. From the PCR-positive samples, corresponding strains were isolated, confirmed as E. coli, and O serotyped. Of all the subjects, 37% experienced a total of 90 episodes of diarrhea. No adenoviruses or rotaviruses were detected, and findings of parasites were insignificant. In contrast, enteropathogenic bacteria were present in 62% of the 65 diarrheal and in 33% of the 127 nondiarrheal samples (P < 0.001); diarrheagenic E. coli strains were found in 35 and 26% of these, respectively (not statistically significant). As a single pathogen, E. coli was found in 20 and 24% of samples (not significant). Of all diarrheagenic E. coli strains, enteropathogenic strains were the most commonly found independently of the clinical picture of the subjects, whereas Salmonella enterica as a single pathogen was the most common non-E. coli organism found in diarrheal samples. Multiple bacterial pathogens were found 10 times more commonly in diarrheal than in nondiarrheal samples (20 versus 2%; P < 0.001).

Presence of Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli, Enteroinvasive E. coli, Enteropathogenic E. coli, and Enterotoxigenic E. coli on Tomatoes from Public Markets in Mexico

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 1621-1625 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLOS A. GÓMEZ-ALDAPA ◽  
M. del REFUGIO TORRES-VITELA ◽  
OTILIO A. ACEVEDO-SANDOVAL ◽  
ESMERALDA RANGEL-VARGAS ◽  
ANGÉLICA VILLARRUEL-LÓPEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Tomato Variety ◽  
Public Markets ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Tomato Sample

Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes (DEP) are important foodborne pathogens in various countries, including Mexico. However, no data exist on the presence of DEP on fresh tomatoes (Solanum lycopericum) from Mexico. The frequency of fecal coliforms (FC), E. coli, and DEP were determined for two tomato varieties. One hundred samples of a saladette tomato variety and 100 samples of a red round tomato variety were collected from public markets in Pachuca, Mexico. Each tomato sample consisted of four whole tomatoes. For the 100 saladette samples, coliform bacterial, FC, E. coli, and DEP were identified in 100, 70, 60, and 10% of samples, respectively. For the 100 red round samples, coliform bacterial, FC, E. coli, and DEP were identified in 100, 75, 65, and 11% of samples, respectively. Identified DEP included Shiga toxin–producing E. coli (STEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC). STEC were isolated from 6% of saladette samples and 5% of red round samples. ETEC were isolated from 3% of saladette samples and 4% of red round samples. EPEC were isolated from 2% of saladette samples and 3% of red round samples, and EIEC were isolated from 1% of saladette samples. Both STEC and ETEC were identified in two saladette samples and 1 red round sample. E. coli O157:H7 was not detected in any STEC-positive samples.

scholarly journals Hemolysin-Producing Strains among Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Children under 2 Years Old with Diarrheal Disease

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1022
Author(s):  
Anca Mare ◽  
Adrian Man ◽  
Felicia Toma ◽  
Cristina Nicoleta Ciurea ◽  
Răzvan Lucian Coșeriu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
O Antigens ◽  
Hlya Gene ◽  
High Diversity

Even if serotyping based on O antigens is still routinely used by most laboratories for the detection of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, this method can provide false-positive reactions, due to the high diversity of O antigens. Molecular methods represent a valuable tool that clarifies these situations. In the Bacteriology Laboratory of Mureș County Hospital, between May 2016 and July 2019, 160 diarrheagenic E. coli strains were isolated from children under 2 years old with diarrheic disease. The strains were identified as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC)/enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) via agglutination with polyvalent sera. STEC strains were serotyped using monovalent sera for serogroup O157. Simplex PCR was performed on the strains to determine the presence of the hlyA gene, and, for the positive ones, the hemolytic activity was tested. Antibiotic susceptibility of the identified diarrheagenic E. coli strains was also investigated. STEC strains were the most frequently identified (49.1%), followed by EPEC (40.2%). The hlyA gene was identified in 12 cases, representing 18.2% of the STEC strains. Even if the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains represented only 10%, a relevant percentage of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains (24%) was identified.

scholarly journals Dissemination of IncI2 Plasmids That Harbor theblaCTX-MElement among Clinical Salmonella Isolates

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 5026-5028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Ho-yin Wong ◽  
Lizhang Liu ◽  
Meiying Yan ◽  
Edward Wai-chi Chan ◽  
Sheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Species Migration ◽  
Typhimurium Strain ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Multiple Antibiotics

ABSTRACTThe extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) determinant CTX-M-55 is increasingly prevalent inEscherichia colibut remains extremely rare inSalmonella. This study reports the isolation of a plasmid harboring theblaCTX-M-55element in a clinicalSalmonella entericaserotype Typhimurium strain resistant to multiple antibiotics. This plasmid is genetically identical to several known IncI2-type elements harbored byE. colistrains recovered from animals. This finding indicates that IncI2 plasmids harboring theblaCTX-Mgenes may undergo cross-species migration among potential bacterial pathogens, withE. colias the major source of such elements.

scholarly journals Impact of Aeromonas and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli screening in patients with diarrhea in Paraná, southern Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1609-1614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia E.A. Assis ◽  
Suélen Wolf ◽  
Monica Surek ◽  
Fabiana De Toni ◽  
Emanuel M Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Enteropathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Stool Samples

Introduction: A wide diversity of bacterial agents may cause diarrhea, presenting challenges to clinical laboratories to define a diagnosis. Considering that most stool cultures are negative, we screened stool samples from patients with diarrhea for the presence of 14 bacterial enteropathogens, aiming to establish which of them should be included in routine stool analysis. Methodology: Stool samples from 400 patients with diarrhea were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Vibrio, Yersinia enterocolitica, and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli using conventional microbiological methods and PCR. Two distinct samples were studied; one included predominantly patients involved in outbreaks, and the other patients of low socioeconomic status presenting sporadic cases of diarrhea. Results: In total, 86 cultures (21.5%) were positive. Mixed infections were found in five patients, leading to recovery of 91 strains of enteropathogenic bacteria: Salmonella Enteritidis (9.2%), Aeromonas (7.2%), diarrheagenic E. coli (5.2%), and C. jejuni (1%). However, Salmonella predominated, with 11.5% frequency in diarrhea outbreaks, while Aeromonas predominated among patients of low socioeconomic status, with 14.6% frequency. Conclusion: Aeromonas and diarrheagenic E. coli, which are not routinely screened for, deserve to be included in laboratory screening panels.

scholarly journals Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli in ready-to-eat food staffs: Prevalence and distribution of putative virulence factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Sakhaie Shahreza ◽  
Ebrahim Rahimi ◽  
Hassan Momtaz
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
The World

Lack of proper hygiene and using from low quality raw materials cause high presence of food-borne pathogens in ready to eat foods. Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli is one of the most common cause of food-borne diseases in the world. The present research was done to study the prevalence and distribution of virulence factors in the STEC strains isolated from various types of ready to eat food samples. Seven-hundred and twenty food samples were collected and cultured. Isolated E. coli bacteria were approved another time using the 16S rRNA-based PCR amplification. Approved strains were subjected to multiplex PCR for identification of putative virulence factors. Twenty-six out of 720 food samples (5.20%) were positive for E. coli. Salad (15%), candy (12.50%) and barbecue (10%) were the most commonly contaminated. Prevalence of STEC strains was 2.63%. Prevalence of EHEC and AEEC subtypes were 36.84% and 52.63%, respectively. EHEC strains harbored all three stx1, eae and ehly genes. High presence of EHEC strains besides the considerable distribution of multiple virulence factors showed an important public health issue regarding the consumption of ready to eat foods.

scholarly journals Influence of dry and wet beef maturation on the microbiological quality and safety

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-166
Author(s):  
José Carlos Ribeiro Júnior ◽  
◽  
Isac Gabriel Cunha dos Santos ◽  
Bianca Pereira Dias ◽  
Wescley Faccini Augusto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Maturation Process ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Indicator Microorganism

The most used methods for the maturation process are vacuum (wet-aged) and dry (dry-aged), which can influence the microbiological quality and safety of meat for consumption. In this study, we aimed to verify the differences in microbiological quality between beef (Longissimus dorsi) that was wet-aged and dry-aged for 30 days, by quantification of indicator microorganism groups and molecular identification of Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. This study verified that the meat matured by the dry-aged method showed significantly lower counts of total coliforms, aerobic mesophiles, psychrotrophs, and molds and yeasts as compared to wet-aged meat. While the Salmonella spp. was not isolated in any beef sample, L. monocytogenes and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) were isolated only from wet-aged beef. Thus, it was concluded that the superficial dehydration of the meat during dry-aged maturation, if carried out correctly and hygienically, confers higher microbiological quality and can reduce the occurrence of microbiological hazards.

scholarly journals Characterization of Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli Strains Isolated from Slaughtered Sheep in México

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Acosta-Dibarrat ◽  
Edgar Enriquez-Gómez ◽  
Martín Talavera-Rojas ◽  
Edgardo Soriano-Vargas ◽  
Armando Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Sheep represent one of the main reservoirs of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli; this microorganism is an etiological agent of food-borne diseases, therefore, this work aimed to identify and characterize the principal pathotypes of diarrheagenic E. coli obtained through rectal swabs and samples from sheep carcasses slaughtered in an abattoir at the central region of Mexico. The isolates were subjected to bacteriological identification, serotyping; phylogenetic classification; detection for virulence factors, and antimicrobial sensibility. A total of 90 E. coli isolates were obtained, diarrheagenic serotypes with health public relevance were found: O76:H19 (5), O146:H21 (3), O91:H10 (2), O6:NM (1), and O8:NM (1). According to pathotype, 47.7% of total isolates were Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, while 3.3% were enteropathogenic, 2.2% enterotoxigenic, and 1.1% enteroinvasive E. coli; the remaining isolates did not express the genes used to assign them to some pathotype. Regarding the Shiga toxin subtypes, 31/43 (72.09%) were cataloged as stx1c, 11/43 (25.5%), stx1a- stx1c and 1/43 (2.3%) stx1a- stx1d; while for stx2 it was possible identify stx2g 4/7(57.14%), stx2b 1/7 (14.7%) and stx2b-stx2g 2/7 (28.5%). Almost all pathotypes (91–100%) belonged to phylogroup B1. Furthermore, it was observed that the 90 isolates showed an antimicrobial resistance of 100% to nitrofurantoin, followed by ampicillin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. These results highlight the importance of diarrheagenic E. coli as a potential risk for public health during the slaughtering process.

Presence and Correlation of Some Enteric Indicator Bacteria, Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Pathotypes, and Salmonella Serotypes in Alfalfa Sprouts from Local Retail Markets in Pachuca, Mexico

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
ESMERALDA RANGEL-VARGAS ◽  
CARLOS A. GÓMEZ-ALDAPA ◽  
M. del REFUGIO TORRES-VITELA ◽  
ANGÉLICA VILLARRUEL-LÓPEZ ◽  
ALBERTO J. GORDILLO-MARTÍNEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Retail Markets ◽  
First Report ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Alfalfa Sprouts

Data on the presence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes (DEPs) in alfalfa sprouts and correlations between the presence of coliform bacteria (CB), fecal coliforms (FC), E. coli, DEPs, and Salmonella in alfalfa sprouts are not available. The presence of and correlations between CB, FC, E. coli, DEPs, and Salmonella in alfalfa sprouts were determined. One hundred sprout samples were collected from retail markets in Pachuca, Hidalgo State, Mexico. The presence of indicator bacteria and Salmonella was determined using conventional culture procedures. DEPs were identified using two multiplex PCR procedures. One hundred percent of samples were positive for CB, 90% for FC, 84% for E. coli, 10% for DEPs, and 4% for Salmonella. The populations of CB ranged from 6.2 up to 8.6 log CFU/g. The FC and E. coli concentrations were between &lt;3 and 1,100 most probable number (MPN)/g. The DEPs identified included enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC; 2%), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC; 3%), and Shiga toxin–producing E. coli (STEC; 5%). No E. coli O157:H7 strains were detected in any STEC-positive samples. In samples positive for DEPs, the concentrations ranged from 210 to 240 MPN/g for ETEC, 28 to 1,100 MPN/g for EPEC, and 3.6 to 460 MPN/g for STEC. The Salmonella isolates identified included Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium in three samples and Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis in one. STEC and Salmonella Typhimurium were identified together in one sample. Positive correlations were observed between FC and E. coli, between FC and DEPs, and between E. coli and DEPs. Negative correlations occurred between CB and DEPs and between CB and Salmonella. Neither FC nor E. coli correlated with Salmonella in the sprout samples. To our knowledge, this is the first report of ETEC, EPEC, and STEC isolated from alfalfa sprouts and the first report of correlations between different indicator groups versus DEPs and Salmonella.

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