Was It Wrong to Use Statistics in R v Clark? A Case Study of the Use of Statistical Evidence in Criminal Courts

2012 ◽  
pp. 87-109
Author(s):  
Amit Pundik
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
Criminal Courts

Procedural Justice in International Criminal Courts: Assessing Civil Parties’ Perceptions of Justice at the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Killean
Keyword(s):  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
International Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Courts ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Mass Violence ◽  
Participant Satisfaction ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Procedural justice advocates argue that fair procedures in decision making processes can increase participant satisfaction with legal institutions. Little critical work has been done however to explore the power of such claims in the context of mass violence and international criminal justice. This article critically examines some of the key claims of procedural justice by exploring the perceptions of justice held by victims participating as Civil Parties in the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (eccc). The eccc has created one of the most inclusive and extensive victim participation regimes within international criminal law. It therefore provides a unique case study to examine some of claims of ‘victim-centred’ transitional justice through a procedural justice lens. It finds that while procedural justice influenced civil parties’ overall perceptions of the Court, outcomes remained of primary importance. It concludes by analysing the possible reasons for this prioritisation.

scholarly journals The disvalue of knowledge

Synthese ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Papineau
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
Criminal Courts ◽  
Do No Harm ◽  
Legal Contexts

Abstract I argue that the concept of knowledge is a relic of a bygone age, erroneously supposed to do no harm. I illustrate this claim by showing how a concern with knowledge distorts the use of statistical evidence in criminal courts, and then generalize the point to show that this concern hampers our enterprises across the board and not only in legal contexts.

FROM LONG-TERM PATTERNS OF SEASONAL HUNGER TO CHANGING EXPERIENCES OF EVERYDAY POVERTY: NORTHEASTERN GHANA C. 1930–2000

2006 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
JÉRÔME DESTOMBES
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
West African ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Poor Diet ◽  
John Hunter ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Way

This article is a West African case-study of the nutritional history of everyday poverty. It draws on unusually rich statistical evidence collected in northeastern Ghana. In the 1930s, pioneer colonial surveys revealed that seasonal poor diet was pervasive, by contrast with undernourishment. They pave the way for constructing a new set of anthropometric data in Nangodi, a savanna polity where John Hunter completed a classic study of seasonal hunger in the 1960s. A re-survey of the same sections and lineages c. 2000, during a full agricultural cycle, shows a significant improvement in nutritional statuses, notably for women.

An outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium DT191a associated with reptile feeder mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (8) ◽  
pp. 1254-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. HARKER ◽  
C. LANE ◽  
E. DE PINNA ◽  
G. K. ADAK
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
The Uk

SUMMARYIn December 2008 an increase of tetracycline-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium definitive phage-type 191a (DT191a) was identified in England and Wales by the reference laboratory. This was confirmed to have a phage-typing pattern that had not previously been seen. Strong statistical evidence for an association between illness and keeping reptiles was demonstrated by a matched case-case study (mOR 16·82, 95% CI 2·78–∞). Questionnaires revealed an association with frozen reptile feeder mice, and mice representing 80% of the UK supply lines were tested for the presence of Salmonella. DT191a was found in three pools of sampled mice, which were traced back to a single supplier in the USA. Imports from this supplier were halted, and tighter regulations are now in place. A leaflet detailing how to prevent contracting Salmonella from pet reptiles has been published as well as updated advice on the Health Protection Agency's website.

Partnering to Prosecute War Crimes

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-83
Author(s):  
John D. Ciorciari
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
General Public ◽  
War Crimes ◽  
Criminal Courts ◽  
Detailed Case ◽  
International Laws

This chapter reviews the potential and pitfalls of hybrid criminal courts that blend national and international laws, procedures, and personnel. It presents a detailed case study of the Special Court for Sierra Leone to illustrate the possibility for a mixed tribunal to perform well and earn public legitimacy when the preferences of national and international partners align reasonably well with one another, and with the aspirations of the general public.

scholarly journals Predict COVID-19 Spreading With C-SMOTE

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Alessio Bernardo ◽  
Emanuele Della Valle
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Classification Algorithms ◽  
Minority Class ◽  
Art Methods ◽  
Concept Drifts

Data continuously gathered monitoring the spreading of the COVID-19 pandemic form an unbounded flow of data. Accurately forecasting if the infections will increase or decrease has a high impact, but it is challenging because the pandemic spreads and contracts periodically. Technically, the flow of data is said to be imbalanced and subject to concept drifts because signs of decrements are the minority class during the spreading periods, while they become the majority class in the contraction periods and the other way round. In this paper, we propose a case study applying the Continuous Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (C-SMOTE), a novel meta-strategy to pipeline with Streaming Machine Learning (SML) classification algorithms, to forecast the COVID-19 pandemic trend. Benchmarking SML pipelinesthat use C-SMOTE against state-of-the-art methods on a COVID-19 dataset, we bring statistical evidence that models learned using C-SMOTE are better.

Business as Usual? Bail Decision Making and “Micro Politics” in an Australian Magistrates Court

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (02) ◽  
pp. 325-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Travers
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Plea Bargaining ◽  
The United States ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Criminal Courts ◽  
Problem Solving Courts ◽  
Business As Usual

Between the 1970s and 1990s, political scientists in the United States pursued a distinctive research program that employed ethnographic methods to study micro politics in criminal courts. This article considers the relevance of this concept for court researchers today through a case study about bail decision making in a lower criminal court in Australia. It describes business as usual in how decisions are made and the provision of pretrial services. It also looks at how traditionalists and reformers understood business as usual, and uses this as a critical concept to make visible micro politics in this court. The case study raises issues about organizational change in criminal courts since the 1990s, since there are fewer studies about plea bargaining and more about specialist or problem-solving courts. It is suggested that we need a new international agenda that can address change and continuity in criminal courts.

scholarly journals Overcrowding under the disciplinary umbrella: challenges of investigating and punishing sexual misconduct cases in universities

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Elaine A.O. Freer ◽  
Andrew D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Sexual Misconduct ◽  
Criminal Offence ◽  
Criminal Courts ◽  
Sexual Offences ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Disciplinary System ◽  
Criminal Conduct

Abstract The last year has seen a revolt against the recommendations of the Zellick Report (1994) in England and Wales, and pressure on universities worldwide to bring serious criminal conduct within their own disciplinary structures. This paper examines the reasons why the Zellick Report advised against this, and why higher-education institutions have now turned their back on a number of its recommendations. Factors including student pressure and concerns about low conviction rates for sexual offences in the criminal courts have been cited, but this paper argues that universities will struggle to create a disciplinary system that is fair to both those who are accused of such offences and those who have been victims of them. A recent Universities UK report has reversed the Zellick guidance that conduct amounting to a serious criminal offence should never be pursued under university disciplinary structures. Drawing on both authors’ experiences as practitioners, and using the first author's experience of university disciplinary matters as a case-study, this paper reviews the practical problems of bringing such serious conduct under university disciplinary structures, focusing particularly on the intersection of criminal and internal disciplinary proceedings. It concludes by suggesting possible ways of ameliorating these.

Justice in Siberia: a case study of a lower criminal court in the city of Krasnoyarsk

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pomorski
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Criminal Courts ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Day To Day Operations ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
The City

Empirical investigation of justice administration udertaken in post-Soviet Russia has been insignificant. Consequently, there is a dearth of knowledge about realities of justice administration ‘on the ground’, at the level of districts or towns. The author’s research project, an in depth empirical investigation of the activity of a single criminal court located in the Siberian city of Krasnoyarsk, represents a step toward filling this gap. This paper concludes that the rule of law has made rather limited inroads in the day-to-day operations of criminal courts in the Russian deep provinces. The correspondence between earnestly declared legal principles and the mundane reality of judicial practice is loose and at some junctions non-existent.

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