Procedure and conditions of life executing punishment

The article is devoted to the consideration of essence and tendencies of reforming the criminal-executive legislation of Ukraine concerning the procedure and execution and serving life imprisonment conditions. Certain debatable provisions, both theoretical and legal, concerning procedure and conditions of life service executing punishment are considered. It is proved that clarity, completeness and system-legal balance will be facilitated by the formal reproduction in the law of classification of all criminal-executive norms of Chapter 22 of the Criminal Executive Code (hereinafter–CEC) (based on a certain criterion) into norms of general and special significance, which in turn should be divided into the following subtypes. General penitentiary provisions, which determine the initial legal status of persons sentenced to life imprisonment, provide a list and features of the rights, legitimate interests, responsibilities of convicts, ways (mechanism) to comply with safe conditions of detention, etc. General penitentiary provisions, which define the basic principles for implementation of changes in detention conditions during execution and serving a sentence (essence, tasks, forms, general requirements for material grounds for application, procedural issues of progressive system implementation, definition of disciplinary system).

The Prisoner of Gender: Panopticon, Persuasion, and Surveillance of Women in Kavita Kané’s Menaka’s Choice

In the mythology-inspired novel Menaka’s Choice (2016), Kavita Kané discovers that the female body is continuously perceived both as an object of sexual desire and as an individual being by disrupting the conventional understanding of Apsara Menaka. Using Foucault’s concept of docile bodies and organic individuality the paper studies how power, in the form of ‘system’, imposes docility on women’s bodies. The paper weaves the potential for feminist thought as the novel rediscovers the recondite experiences that have been shrouded for centuries by giving central position to silent agents of Hindu mythology. Eventually, it attempts to analyse the act of seduction from the context of gender and how the individual tries to resist that disciplinary system.

‘Thank you for your compliance’: Overwatch as a Disciplinary System

Toxicity in online multiplayer games has long been an issue, and game developers implement various strategies such as reputation systems to curb such behaviour. Although Foucault’s notion of discipline seems an ideal lens through which to analyse such reputation systems, as of yet there has been little work on the subject. This article addresses the reputation system implemented in 2018 by Blizzard, who created an endorsement system in the team-based multiplayer shooter Overwatch. This successfully encouraged positive player behaviour by implementing rewards, rather than only punishments. In this article, we examine the endorsement system as an example of Foucault’s discipline, one that is particularly relevant to game design because it uses incentives as well as deterrents. We argue that the endorsement system is particularly effective as a form of discipline because it includes players as part of the process, by actively constructing subjects (gamers) to fit a pre-defined mould.

Disciplinary system of higher education of the capital in the early 20th century: the establishment and activities of the professorial court

The article considers government measures to establish professorial disciplinary court at higher education institutions of the capital (the court conducted its work from August 27, 1902 to February 22, 1917), the work of the commission on the development of regulations for this body, and the main normative legal acts to implement it. The article examines the issues of the activity of the professorial disciplinary court and the relationship between the participants of this disciplinary system: students, professors, and the authorities. The students who appeared before the professorial disciplinary court were accused of violation of the norms of administrative law of their educational institution, and in accordance with the university charter and the rules of the university, they had to abide by the decision of the court. Professors were in the same position of dependence: membership in the Council of the educational institution obliged them to assume the role of judges. The article explains why the professorial courts did not have the opportunity to become an autonomous body, why the professors themselves did not want to take on the responsibility of judges, and whether all students were hostile to their work. Analyzing the cases of violations which were considered at that time and concerned the rules and order at a university, the author comes to the conclusion that it was not possible to ensure order and create conditions for the restoration of the proper course of academic life by introducing the system of university disciplinary proceedings. The compromise between the authorities and the students, which should have been facilitated by the existence of the professorial court, was not reached. Resistance from students and professors forced the Ministry of Public Education to reconsider the need for the existence of professorial courts and exclude them from the draft of the new university charter.

The system of training future law enforcement officers in Ukraine: implementing the competence approach

The article examines the features of training future law enforcement officers of Ukraine through the prism of the competenceapproach. It is noted that the state, acting as a reformer, sets the task of improving efficiency of the Ministry of Internal Affairs ofUkraine in ensuring security, protecting human rights and freedoms as the main goal of administrative reform, which requires consi -dering the administrative activities structure of law enforcement bodies as an integral system. The principles of reforming law enforcementbodies, as related and universal categories, can be summarized as follows: the rule of law, depoliticization, demilitarization, decentralization,accountability and transparency, close cooperation with the public and local communities, professional training.It is emphasized that the on-going reforms of law enforcement bodies greatly affect the process of professional training in educationalinstitutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, as well as call for the quality of their professional culture and training,readiness to perform specific tasks requiring special knowledge, abilities, and skills. Today, graduates of educational institutions of theMinistry of Internal Affairs are required to show high professionalism, lawfulness, and humanity at the same time in the performanceof their duties. According to many researchers, the best way to increase the efficiency of law enforcement bodies is to develop a theoreticallysubstantiated system for the formation and development of professionalism of law enforcement officers. In addition,researchers emphasize that increasing role of a law enforcement officer requires a high professional self-awareness, the developmentof which is possible through the formation of a sense of responsibility for their actions, understanding the need for continuous improvementof their professional skills, taking into account the features of activities in particular units of law enforcement bodies and by deve -loping new professional and psychological approaches to the training.It is concluded that the reorientation to the competence approach in educational activities aims primarily to minimize the shortcomingsof the disciplinary system of education, to expand knowledge as a result of the process of cognitive activity, abilities as thecapability to perform certain work in accordance with knowledge acquired, skills as repetitive actions made automatic in the processof applying competence approach to education. In this case, according to a number of researchers, competence is understood as know -ledge and experience necessary for effective activities in a given subject area, through matching with the requirements of the profession,as the professional’s having the necessary amount of knowledge, abilities, and skills, constituting the basis for his or her professionalactivities, communication, and personality. The competence approach can be interpreted as a set of general principles for determiningthe goals of education, shaping educational programs, organizing the educational process, and evaluating educational results.

Trade-an infrastructure element for delivering fish to consumers in Russia

In Russia, for the successful development of fishing and fish farming, there is a natural base: access to the seas and oceans, a significant area of internal reservoirs: rivers and lakes. However, the distribution of fish resources is very uneven: in some areas, resources far exceed the needs of the local population, while others may not have direct access to fish stocks. Therefore, trade plays an important role in achieving a more even distribution of fish throughout the country and is an important element of the market economy, market exchange, and one of the indicators of the well-being of the economy at the micro, macro, and meso levels. The purpose of the study is to study trade as an important infrastructure element for the delivery of fish and seafood to the final consumer. Was a valued commodity structure of sales and inventory of wholesale and retail trade, purchasing power per capita monetary income of the population, the role and potential of consumer cooperatives Centrosoyuz in the marketing chain for the delivery of fish and seafood to the final consumer. Methods: comparison and scientific analysis, inductive and deductive, monographic helped to outline the problems and ways of trade development. To promote the sale of fish and its processed products, it is necessary to develop all types of trade, including wholesale and retail, as well as create exchanges, electronic platforms and use any other modern marketing channels. A multi-disciplinary system of commodity movement is needed for the redistribution of inter-regional cargo flows "East-West" and "North-South" and the development of the main transport directions: latitudinal, meridianal and diagonal, for the delivery of fish and seafood from the catch regions to the place of consumption.

Disciplinary Proceedings as an Instrument for Breaking the Rule of Law in Poland

This article advances the thesis that disciplinary proceedings may constitute a tool for breaking the rule of law in Poland. In 2017, as part of a package of legal changes to the judiciary, a disciplinary system was created in Poland to ensure that judges were subservient to the political will of the authorities. From the beginning, new disciplinary officers appointed by the Minister of Justice (the Prosecutor General) have targeted judges who disagree with unconstitutional changes to the judiciary. Disciplinary proceedings are by no means repressions that affect judges who demand that other authorities respect the rule of law in Poland. The article discusses, on a step by step basis, the practical mechanisms taken by the political authorities to break the rule of law in Poland. Particular attention is paid to the measures which have been taken concerning the judiciary. The article discusses the judgment of the CJEU on 19 November 2019 in combined cases C-585/18, C-624/18, and C-625/18 and the implementing resolution of the combined Civil, Criminal and Labour and Social Insurance Chambers of the Supreme Court on 23 January 2020 as well as the collapse of the rule of law in Poland from a practical perspective. The analysis of the recent events shows that after the so-called Muzzle Law (A bill amending the Act on the Organization of Ordinary Courts, the Act on the Supreme Court and the Act on the National Council of the Judiciary was submitted on 12 December 2019, and then voted on by the parliamentary majority in the lower house of the Polish Parliament (Sejm) on 20 December 2019.) came into force, the application of the resolution of the combined Civil, Criminal and Labour and Social Insurance Chambers of the Supreme Court on 23 January 2020 implementing the CJEU judgment in the joined cases C-585/18, C-624/18, and C-625/18 of 19 November 2019 can be and, in fact, is penalized by further disciplinary proceedings, which constitutes a real threat to the already weakened rule of law. Institutions and, above all, judges who are safeguarding the rule of law are being destroyed.