Industrial Wastes and Water Pollution

1996 ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Literathy
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Industrial Wastes

INDUSTRIAL WASTES Water Pollution

1939 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1311-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Sperr Weston
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Industrial Wastes

I. Measurements of pollution effects on Living Organisms Bioassays to determine allowable waste concentrations in the aquatic environment

1971 ◽  
Vol 177 (1048) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Pollution ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Public Health Service ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
Standard Methods

Various types of bioassays have been carried on in the United States for many years. the teens Shelford (1917) initiated studies to determine the attracting or repelling perties of various substances, such as gashouse wastes, for fishes. He developed cial methods and equipment for these studies. During the twenties and thirties, use of bioassays increased and considerable work was devoted to refining techhniques and checking water flow rates and the volume of water needed. However, there was great diversity in the bioassay methods used; the various workers d different species, different periods of exposure, wastes of different quality, d there was no uniformity in reporting of results. In fact, very often the methods used were not described so that the data obtained could not be compared with those of other workers. Examination of the results indicated that there was a wide inference in the reported toxicity levels for the same materials, even when tested h the same species. It was recognized in the forties that some standardization bioassay methods was needed if they were to be used to indicate the toxicity various wastes and other materials to aquatic organisms and provide comfarable data. Hart, Doudoroff & Greenbank (1945) reviewed the various bioassay methods in use and suggested approaches to their use for toxicity determinations and pointed out the need for completeness and uniformity in the reporting of ults. They also suggested an ‘application factor’ which could be applied to uts of short-term acute bioassay tests to estimate safe levels under conditions long-term exposure in the environment. Throughout the forties, the need for a standard bioassay method and uniform recording and reporting of results became re evident. This need for standardization was recognized in 1949 by the Biology Section of fie Environmental Health Center, U. S. Public Health Service, at Cincinnati, Ohio. is Center later became the Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center of the IS. Public Health Service. In 1949, a Sub-committee of the Research Committee the Water Pollution Control Federation was formed for this purpose. Dr Dou roff of the Aquatic Biology Section of the R. A. Taft Center was made Chairman, and an able committee was formed which drew up proposed standard methods f bioassays. The report of this Committee entitled ‘Bioassay methods for the evaluation of the acute toxicity of industrial wastes to fish’ was published in the Journal of sewage and industrial wastes in 1951. These methods were used routine and gradually improved upon by the Aquatic Biology Section of the Robert Taft Sanitary Engineering Center. Modifications of these suggested procedure were prepared by the Toxicity Subcommittee of the Research Committee of the Water Pollution Control Federation under the direction of the author and were published in the 11th Edition of Standard methods for the analysis of water and wastewater . These methods were used widely and were accepted as standard methods for short-term acute bioassays using fish. The need to devise method employing other organisms was recognized very early and some efforts were made in this direction. The author encouraged those working with other organisms write up their bioassay methods for consideration by the Committee for inclusio in the 13th edition. However, upon examination of several methods it was decide that they should be more thoroughly tested before being included in Standard methods . Methods for long-term, continuous renewal bioassays with fish were described and approved by the Committee and are being included in the 13t edition of Standard methods . This edition is to become available late in 1970.

Water Pollution Control in Developing Areas: Problems and Needs

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 1353-1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
J R Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Aerobic Composting ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Service Levels ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
Water Borne

Wholesome water supplies are essential for the control of many water-related diseases and pathogenic pollution is the most significant type of pollution in developing areas. Thus, the proper handling of wastes is necessary for complete control and data are presented on the fate of pathogens in various environments and waste treatment systems. High kills of pathogens can be achieved during storage in batch composting latrines, aerobic composting windrows and waste stabilisation lagoons. While water-borne sewerage systems are highly convenient and quickly remove wastes from the immediate environment, they are expensive and sewage treatment is required before disposal. There are satisfactory alternative on-site and off-site excreta handling systems some of which can be adapted progressively as water service levels increase. The need is stressed for proper training of operators and technicians, the maintenance of plant and the early control of industrial wastes.

scholarly journals WATER POLLUTION AND ITS CONTROL IN THE CONTEXT OF PHYSICAL PLANNING. A CASE STUDY OF SELECTED WATER BODIES IN OWERRI.

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
SABINA CHIAKA OSUJI ◽  
NNENNA MERCY ABIASO
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
State Government ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Regular Treatment ◽  
General Feeling

Owerri has faced water pollution problems for many years. These have created many social, physical economic technological and political issues in Owerri city. The general feeling among Owerri inhabitants is that supply of water in Owerri could be a nuisance. The survey method using questionnaire was adopted in the study. The stratified, random and systemic sampling techniques were used in two rivers and 480 respondents from six zones of the city. The result shows that there are pollutants in the Rivers Nwaorie and Otamiri. The study therefore highlighted the control measures for effective curbing of water pollution resulting from pollutants seeping into rusted galvanized iron pipes, flood/underground seepage of human and material wastes into River Nwaorie and Otamiri, streams Okitankwo/Onumurukwa which form the major sources of water in Owerri. The leading of contaminants from industrial wastes, agricultural wastes, oil spills, hazardous wastes and natural water wastes and other refuses. The study therefore concludes that the contribution of the State Government and the Municipality improving on provision of adequate manpower and training of stakeholders in the water industry, provision of solid quality materials for general maintenance, regular treatment of water from its in-take point and also borehole water, extension of tap water (pipe born water) to all the cranies of Owerri in order to stop completely the direct-use of water from Otamiri and Nwaorie Rivers which is injurious to health, provision of suggestion box in which the inhabitants could suggest further remedies for the provision of quality water keywords: Water Pollution; Rivers; Streams; Owerri City.

Use of peat in water pollution control: a review

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Viraraghavan ◽  
A. Ayyaswami
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Effective Medium ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Water Pollution Control ◽  
Industrial Wastewaters ◽  
Onsite Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Systems

Peat, besides being plentiful and inexpensive, possesses several other qualities that make it an effective medium for the removal of pollutants. This paper presents a review of its use in water pollution control — in the treatment of sanitary and industrial wastewaters. Key words: peat, water pollution control, wastewater treatment, onsite wastewater systems, industrial wastes.

THE POTENTIAL OF PIXE FOR ANALYTICAL WORK IN WATER POLLUTION

1999 ◽  
Vol 09 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 83-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. YAMAZAKI ◽  
Y. TAKAHASHI ◽  
K. ISHII ◽  
S. MATSUYAMA ◽  
Y. TOKAI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
Aqueous Samples ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
Analytical Work ◽  
Polycarbonate Film ◽  
Soluble Fractions

A method has been developed and tested for PIXE analysis of soluble and insoluble constituents in a variety of water samples in our surroundings. Insoluble components were filtered on a Nuclepore filter of 0.4-μm pores. For soluble fractions, a target of major components was made from a 0.15-ml filtrate evaporated on a user-made polycarbonate film, and in turn heavy metals in trace amounts were preconcentrated in a PIXE-target through the use of a combination of dibenzyldithiocarbamate-chelation with subsequent condensation into dibenzylidene-D-sorbitol gels. These three kinds of targets were analyzed with a PIXE system of 3-MeV proton beams. The widespread concentrations (several tenths of ppb to a few tens of ppm) of ~24 elements from Na to Pb were determined simultaneously in a precision sufficient to reveal the elemental distribution between the soluble and insoluble fractions of various aqueous samples such as river water, rain water and water leaking from disposal sites of industrial wastes. Hence, the methodology for preparing three types of targets promotes the PIXE analysis to a truly effective means for monitoring a water-pollution problem in our surroundings.

Water pollution by nitrates from the agricultural industry

1967 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-121
Author(s):  
L.R. Webber ◽  
D.E. Elrick
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Porous Medium ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Nitrate Contamination ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Animal Wastes

The principal sources of nitrogen in water are domestic sewage, garbage, industrial wastes, and the agricultural industry - animal wastes, nitrogenous fertilizers, and products from the decomposition of plant material in soil. The contribution from precipitation and atmospheric sediments is about 1.0 ppm or 5.8 lb/acre/year at Hamilton (15). In this paper, we present results of our current research on the transport of nitrogen compounds by water in a porous medium. During this transfer, chemical and microbiological reactions take place that determine the concentration and distribution of nitrogen in a soil profile at a given time. Data are presented that indicate the levels of NO3--N in ground waters from several sources as well as a discussion of possible sources of nitrate contamination.

METODA PENGHILANGAN LOGAM MERKURI DI DALAM AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusa Idaman Said
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Ion Exchange Process

Industry is a potential source of water pollution, it produces pollutants that are extremely harmful to people and the environment. Many industrial facilities use freshwater to carry away waste from the plant and into rivers, lakes and oceans. Inorganic industrial wastes are more difficult to control and potentially more hazardous Industries discharge a variety of toxic compounds and heavy metals. The most pollutans heavy metals are Lead, Cadmium, Copper, Chromium, Selenium,  Mercury, Nickel, Zinc, Arsen and Chromium. Heavy metals are dangerous because they tend to bioaccumulate. Mercury for example, causes damages to the brain and the central nervous system, causes psychological changes and makes development changes in young children. Normally Mercury is a toxic substance which has no known function in human biochemistry. There are several methods to eliminate or remove mercury in water such as chemical oxidation process, ion exchange process, adsorption process, an electrochemical process, reverse osmosis process and other alternative methods likes biosorption. Each method has strengths and weaknesses, therefore to choose the method of removing of mercury in wastewater depending on pollutants conditions such as concentrations of mercury in wastewater, types of mercury, mercury concentrations in treated water, land availability, flow rate of wastewater will be processed and other parameters. This paper discusses several methods of removal of mercury heavy metals in industrial wastewater such as chemical precipitation and oxidation processes, adsorption and ion exchange process. Keywords : water pollution, heavy metals, mercury, industrial wastewater, removal methods.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document