Role of physiology in pulse crop improvement: a plant breeding perspective

1988 ◽  
pp. 931-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Slinkard ◽  
J. S. Sindhu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Pulse Crop

A Problem Based Learning Exercise on Food Security: Understanding the Role of Genomic Variation and Plant Breeding

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolie WAX ◽  
Zhu Zhuo ◽  
Anna Bower ◽  
Jessica Cooper ◽  
Susan Gachara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Genomic Variation

scholarly journals Evolution and Application of Genome Editing Techniques for Achieving Food and Nutritional Security

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5585
Author(s):  
Sajid Fiaz ◽  
Sunny Ahmar ◽  
Sajjad Saeed ◽  
Aamir Riaz ◽  
Freddy Mora-Poblete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Protein System ◽  
Breeding Techniques

A world with zero hunger is possible only through a sustainable increase in food production and distribution and the elimination of poverty. Scientific, logistical, and humanitarian approaches must be employed simultaneously to ensure food security, starting with farmers and breeders and extending to policy makers and governments. The current agricultural production system is facing the challenge of sustainably increasing grain quality and yield and enhancing resistance to biotic and abiotic stress under the intensifying pressure of climate change. Under present circumstances, conventional breeding techniques are not sufficient. Innovation in plant breeding is critical in managing agricultural challenges and achieving sustainable crop production. Novel plant breeding techniques, involving a series of developments from genome editing techniques to speed breeding and the integration of omics technology, offer relevant, versatile, cost-effective, and less time-consuming ways of achieving precision in plant breeding. Opportunities to edit agriculturally significant genes now exist as a result of new genome editing techniques. These range from random (physical and chemical mutagens) to non-random meganucleases (MegaN), zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/associated protein system 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), the CRISPR system from Prevotella and Francisella1 (Cpf1), base editing (BE), and prime editing (PE). Genome editing techniques that promote crop improvement through hybrid seed production, induced apomixis, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress are prioritized when selecting for genetic gain in a restricted timeframe. The novel CRISPR-associated protein system 9 variants, namely BE and PE, can generate transgene-free plants with more frequency and are therefore being used for knocking out of genes of interest. We provide a comprehensive review of the evolution of genome editing technologies, especially the application of the third-generation genome editing technologies to achieve various plant breeding objectives within the regulatory regimes adopted by various countries. Future development and the optimization of forward and reverse genetics to achieve food security are evaluated.

Genomic Resources and Omics-Assisted Breeding Approaches for Pulse Crop Improvement

2018 ◽  
pp. 13-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javaid Akhter Bhat ◽  
S. M. Shivaraj ◽  
Sajad Ali ◽  
Zahoor Ahmad Mir ◽  
Aminul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Genomic Resources ◽  
Pulse Crop

scholarly journals Association Mapping for Improvement of Quantitative Traits in Plant Breeding Populations

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-89
Author(s):  
Umesh R Rosyara ◽  
Bal K Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Association Mapping ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Fine Mapping ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Human Genetics ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Validation Of Results ◽  
Mapping Populations

DNA-based molecular markers have been extensively utilized for mapping of genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL) of interest based on linkage analysis in mapping populations. This is in contrast to human genetics that use of linkage disequilibrium (LD)-based mapping for fine mapping of QTLs using single nucleotide polymorphisms. LD based association mapping (AM) has promise to be used in plants. Possible use of such approach may be for fine mapping of genes / QTLs, identifying favorable alleles for marker aided selection and cross validation of results from linkage mapping for precise location of genes / QTLs of interest. In the present review, we discuss different mapping populations, approaches, prospects and limitations of using association mapping in plant breeding populations. This is expected to create awareness in plant breeders in use of AM in crop improvement activities.Key words: Association mapping; plant breeding; DNA marker; quantitative trait lociDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njb.v2i1.5686  Nepal Journal of Biotechnology Jan.2012, Vol.2(1): 72-89

scholarly journals Life and scientific path of Fedor Antonovich Tkachenko (06. 28. 1921 – 02.22.1985). To the 100th anniversary of the birth

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 166-170
Author(s):  
N. F. Tymchuk ◽  
S. M. Datsenko
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Agricultural Sciences ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Scientific Achievements

A brief review of information about the life and scientific path of the famous domestic geneticist and breeder of vegetable and melon crops, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor F.A. Tkachenko, dedicated to the 100th anniversary of his birth, is given. The main stages of the formation of F.A. Tkachenko as a person and a scientist during periods of war, training and work at the Institute of Vegetable Growing and Melon Growing of the NAAS are shown. The data on its participation in the development of genetics of heterosis and selection of heterotic hybrids of vegetable and melon crops in Ukraine are presented. The main scientific achievements and results of F.A. Tkachenko's activity as a scientist and teacher are indicated. The role of F.A. Tkachenko in the work of the Institute of Vegetable and Melon Growing of the NAAS and the formation of the national scientific school in the field of genetics and selection of vegetable and melon crops is shown. Keywords: vegetable and melon crops, genetics of heterosis and heterotic plant breeding in Ukraine, scientific achievements of F.A. Tkachenko.

scholarly journals Melatonin and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Plant Cells

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1917
Author(s):  
Marino B. Arnao ◽  
Josefa Hernández-Ruiz ◽  
Antonio Cano ◽  
Russel J. Reiter
Keyword(s):  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Degradation Pathways ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Tolerance Response ◽  
Simple Carbohydrates ◽  
Living Organisms

Melatonin, a multifunctional molecule that is present in all living organisms studied, is synthesized in plant cells in several intercellular organelles including in the chloroplasts and in mitochondria. In plants, melatonin has a relevant role as a modulatory agent which improves their tolerance response to biotic and abiotic stress. The role of melatonin in stress conditions on the primary metabolism of plant carbohydrates is reviewed in the present work. Thus, the modulatory actions of melatonin on the various biosynthetic and degradation pathways involving simple carbohydrates (mono- and disaccharides), polymers (starch), and derivatives (polyalcohols) in plants are evaluated. The possible applications of the use of melatonin in crop improvement and postharvest products are examined.

Role of Pseudomonas aurantiaca in Crop Improvement

2011 ◽  
pp. 107-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier A. Andrés ◽  
Marisa Rovera ◽  
Lorena B. Guiñazú ◽  
Nicolás A. Pastor ◽  
Susana B. Rosas
Keyword(s):  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Pseudomonas Aurantiaca

The role of gene technology in plant breeding

1993 ◽  
pp. 138-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Salamini ◽  
M. Motto
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Gene Technology
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