Federal and State Regulation of Neonatal Decision-Making

1987 ◽  
pp. 89-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy M. P. King
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
State Regulation

Networks

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Panzironi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Hierarchical Control ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Competitive Market ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Procedural Rationality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Governance Networks ◽  
Decision Making Processes

A network may refer to “a group of interdependent actors and the relationships among them,” or to a set of nodes linked by a web of interdependencies. The concept of networks has its origins in earlier philosophical and sociological ideas such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s “general will” and Émile Durkheim’s “social facts”, which adressed social and political communities and how decisions are mediated and ideas are structured within them. Networks encompass a wide range of theoretical interpretations and critical applications across different disciplines, including governance networks, policy networks, public administration networks, social movement networks, intergovernmental networks, social networks, trade networks, computer networks, information networks, and neural networks. Governance networks have been proposed as alternative pluricentric governance models representing a new form of negotiated governance based on interdependence, negotiation and trust. Such networks differ from the competitive market regulation and state hierarchical control in three aspects: the relationship between the actors, decision-making processes, and compliance. The decision-making processes within governance networks are founded on a reflexive rationality rather than the “procedural rationality” which characterizes the competitive market regulation and the “substantial rationality” which underpins authoritative state regulation. Network theory has proved especially useful for scholars in positing the existence of loosely defined and informal webs of experts or advocates that can have a real and substantial influence on international relations discourse and policy. Two examples of the use of network theory in action are transnational advocacy networks and epistemic communities.

scholarly journals “Our Architecture Has Long Acquired Global Significance”: International Contacts of the Union of Soviet Architects in the 1930s

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-139
Author(s):  
E. V. Konysheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Cultural Diplomacy ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
And Control

The article is focused on the international contacts of the Soviet architecture in the 1930s. The direct object of the research is the cross-border communications of the Union of Soviet Architects: the tasks and forms of contacts of Soviet architects with foreign colleagues and institutions, as well as the role of the Union of Architects in this process; mechanisms of interaction with the authorities and tactics of the professional community in the context of regulation and control of international relations; conflicting nodes of state and professional interests. It is shown that in its international contacts, the Union of Architects did not appear as an independent actor, as it did not have institutional independence in international communications, autonomy in decision-making and its own resources for the implementation of projects. The institutional nature of the interaction prevailed; personal contacts were minimized and included into collective strategies. The international activity of the Union of Architects was part of the state policy of “cultural diplomacy” and had not only a professional, but also a propaganda-ideological component. The authorities ignored the professional motives of the architectural community if they did not coincide with governmental tasks. However, it is shown that the Union of Architects had its own tactics and realized its professional interests, using the interest of the state in a particular project. As a result, the thesis is presented that state regulation and total control sharply narrowed the possibilities of cross-border communications of the architectural community, distorted their forms and contents, but did not destroy them. The discovery and study of new documents shows that the myth of the cultural autarchy of the Stalinist USSR is not confirmed by the example of an architectural field.

When morality policies meet governance: private governance as response to value-driven conflicts

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva-Maria Euchner ◽  
Caroline Preidel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Private Governance ◽  
Morality Policy ◽  
Prostitution Policy ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Private Actors ◽  
Empirical Contribution

AbstractScholars of morality policy change primarily analyse state regulation. Through this narrow focus, they ignore private actors and their varying engagement across time and policies. We contribute to this research gap by comparing and explaining private actors’ involvement in euthanasia and prostitution policy in Germany. We argue that the extent of private engagement is determined by the private actors’ capacity to govern, governmental decision-making barriers and private actors’ interests. Thus, the present study makes an empirical contribution to the literature on private governance by exploring largely disregarded policy issues that are least-likely cases for the delegation of public regulatory competence. Furthermore, it adds to the morality policy literature in a theoretical way by showing that policy change in this field is not only a question of scope, timing and direction but also one of the types of governing actors.

scholarly journals Arbeitsmärkte und Arbeitsbeziehungen in Osteuropa

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (114) ◽  
pp. 95-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Standing
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
State Regulation

This article provides an overview of recent changes in the former Soviet Union and other countries of Central and Eastern Europe. State regulation has been reduced through relaxation of statutory prescriptions and through privatization. Trade unions often retain significant nominal representative status, but have little effective regulatory power, and employers’ representation is fragmented. Although most countries have introduced tripartite institutions, real decision making takes place at company level where management is in the driving seat.

Pigouvian vs. Coasian approach: Ideas, values, perspectives

2022 ◽  
pp. 23-46
Author(s):  
A. E. Shastitko ◽  
N. S. Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Economic Knowledge ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Political Decision Making

The paper reveals the characteristics of competing approaches — Pigouvian and Coasian — to identify the grounds for state regulation. We outline the connections between Pigouvian and Coasian approaches with the values and prospects for their advancement in the field of political decision-making in the context of demand for economic knowledge and the possibilities of organizing compensating transactions. These connections are considered in the light of the externalities problem as one of the manifestations of market failure, as well as different internalization options. We also clarify the provisions from the theory of externalities in terms of their definition, classification and correlation with the conditions for optimal allocation of resources. The key types of structural alternatives for correcting market flaws are considered, and the main properties of the Pigouvian and Coasian approaches in economics, as they relate to the problem of market and government flaws, are determined. This helps explain why the Coasian approach cannot be considered synonymous with liberal fundamentalism. Finally, we indicate the relationship between normative conclusions and prospects of functionalism and two types of fundamentalism in the field of political decision-making. Using the example of intertemporal externalities, the difference in the approaches of Coasianism and Pigouvianism to their internalization is demonstrated.

Discarding optimality: Throwing out the baby with the bathwater?

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Simen ◽  
Fuat Balcı
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Reward Rate ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Standard Observer ◽  
Rate Maximization ◽  
Reward Rate Maximization ◽  
Descriptive Standard ◽  
Observer Model

AbstractRahnev & Denison (R&D) argue against normative theories and in favor of a more descriptive “standard observer model” of perceptual decision making. We agree with the authors in many respects, but we argue that optimality (specifically, reward-rate maximization) has proved demonstrably useful as a hypothesis, contrary to the authors’ claims.

LPCD framework: Analytical tool or psychological model?

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Danks
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Bayesian Decision ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Psychological Model ◽  
Psychological Reality ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Bayesian Decision Making

AbstractThe target article uses a mathematical framework derived from Bayesian decision making to demonstrate suboptimal decision making but then attributes psychological reality to the framework components. Rahnev & Denison's (R&D) positive proposal thus risks ignoring plausible psychological theories that could implement complex perceptual decision making. We must be careful not to slide from success with an analytical tool to the reality of the tool components.

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