Exertional risk factors in apparently healthy males: an interim report

Studies investigating the associations between dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) values and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) among Chinese populations are strikingly limited. To assess the associations between dietary GI and GL values and CMRF, including dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperuricemia in Chinese adults, we extracted data of 7886 apparently healthy adults from the 2009 wave of the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Dietary GI and GL values were calculated using data collected from three consecutive 24 h dietary recalls. Fasting lipid, glucose, and uric acid concentrations were measured and CMRF were defined on the basis of established criteria. There were no significant associations between dietary GI values and CMRF, and analyzing the data by age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and region did not alter these results. Dietary GL values were positively associated with prevalence of hyperuricemia in all participants (Q4 compared with Q1: odds ratio (OR) = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.14, 1.87; p-trend = 0.0030) and prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in participants ≥ 60 years old (Q5 compared with Q1: OR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.11, 2.68; p-trend < 0.0010). Higher dietary GL but not GI values were associated with increased prevalence of hyperuricemia in apparently healthy Chinese adults and hypercholesterolemia in older Chinese adults. Further studies are required to confirm the public health implication of these findings.

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Variation of cardiac magnetic resonance radiomics features by age and sex in healthy participants from the UK Biobank

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.0197 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

Z Raisi-Estabragh ◽

A Jaggi ◽

N Aung ◽

S Neubauer ◽

S Piechnik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance ◽

Age Groups ◽

Texture Features ◽

Funding Source ◽

Uk Biobank ◽

Men And Women ◽

The Uk ◽

Age And Sex ◽

Apparently Healthy

Abstract Introduction Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) radiomics use voxel-level data to derive quantitative indices of myocardial tissue texture, which may provide complementary risk information to traditional CMR measures. Purpose In this first stage of our work, establishing the performance characteristics of CMR radiomics in relation to disease outcomes, we aimed to elucidate differences in radiomic features by sex and age in apparently healthy adults. Methods We defined a healthy cohort from the first 5,065 individuals completing the UK Biobank Imaging Enhancement, limiting to white Caucasian ethnicity, and excluding those with major co-morbidities, or cardiovascular risk factors/symptoms. We created evenly distributed age groups: 45–54 years, 55–64 years, 65–74 years. Radiomics features were extracted from left ventricle segmentations, with normalisation to body surface area. We compared mean values of individual features between the sexes, stratified by age and separately between the oldest and youngest age groups for each sex. Results We studied 657 (309 men, 358 women) healthy individuals. There were significant differences between radiomics features of men and women. Different features appeared more important at different age groups. For instance, in the youngest age group “end-systolic coarseness” showed greatest difference between men and women, whilst “end-diastolic run percentage” and “end-diastolic high grey level emphasis” showed most variation in the oldest and middle age groups. In the oldest age groups, differences between men and women were most predominant in the texture features, whilst in the younger groups a mixture of shape and texture differences were observed. We demonstrate significant variation between radiomics features by age, these differences are exclusively in texture features with different features implicated in men and women (“end-diastolic mean intensity” in women, “end-systolic sum entropy in men”). Conclusions There are significant age and sex differences in CMR radiomics features of apparently healthy adults, demonstrating alterations in myocardial architecture not appreciated by conventional indices. In younger ages, shape and texture differences are observed, whilst in older ages texture differences dominate. Furthermore, texture features are the most different features between the youngest and oldest hearts. We provide proof-of-concept data indicating CMR radiomics has discriminatory value with regard to two characteristics strongly linked to cardiovascular outcomes. We will next elucidate relationships between CMR radiomics, cardiac risk factors, and clinical outcomes, establishing predictive value incremental to existing measures. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Other. Main funding source(s): European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (825903),British Heart Foundation Clinical Research Training Fellowship (FS/17/81/33318)

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Effect of Gender, Toe Extension Position, and Plantar Fasciitis on Plantar Fascia Thickness

Foot & Ankle International ◽

10.1177/1071100718811631 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 439-446 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michael J. Granado ◽

Everett B. Lohman ◽

Noha S. Daher ◽

Keith E. Gordon

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Gender Differences ◽

Plantar Fasciitis ◽

Plantar Fascia ◽

Case Control ◽

Joint Position ◽

Maximal Extension ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Males And Females ◽

Healthy Males

Background: Ultrasound is a widely used diagnostic tool for patients with plantar fasciitis. However, the lack of standardization during the measurement for plantar fascia thickness has made it challenging to understand the etiology of plantar fasciitis, as well as identify risk factors, such as gender. The purpose of this study was to investigate gender differences regarding plantar fascia thickness while controlling for metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint position in the healthy and those with unilateral plantar fasciitis. Methods: Forty participants (20 with unilateral plantar fasciitis and 20 controls) with plantar fascia thickness (mean age, 44.8 ± 12.2 years) participated in this study. The majority were females (n = 26, 65%). Plantar fascia thickness was measured via ultrasound 3 times at 3 different MTP joint positions: (1) at rest, (2) at 30 degrees of extension, and (3) at maximal extension. Results: When comparing gender differences, the males in the plantar fasciitis group had a significantly thicker plantar fascia than the females ( P = .048, η2 = 2.35). However, no significant differences were observed between healthy males and females. The males with unilateral plantar fasciitis also had significantly thicker asymptomatic plantar fasciae collectively compared with controls ( P < .05), whereas females with unilateral plantar fasciitis had a similar but not significant change. Conclusion: It appears that healthy males and females have similar plantar fascia thickness. However, as plantar fasciitis develops, males tend to develop thicker plantar fasciae than their female counterparts, which could have future treatment implications. Level of Evidence: Level III, case-control comparative study.

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Prevalence and Risk Factors Analysis for Cryptosporidium in Apparently Healthy Lambs of Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Pakistan Journal of Zoology ◽

10.17582/journal.pjz/2018.50.3.863.868 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Naimat Ullah Khan ◽

Muhammad Hassan Saleem ◽

Aneela Zameer Durrani ◽

Nisar Ahmad ◽

Ayesha Hassan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽

Factors Analysis ◽

Apparently Healthy

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Dysfunctional Adiposity Index as a Useful Clinical Tool for Early Identification of Adipose Tissue Morpho-Functional Abnormalities and Cardiometabolic Disorders in Apparently Healthy Subjects

10.21203/rs.3.rs-97962/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Juan Reyes-Barrera ◽

Victor H. Sainz-Escárrega ◽

Aida X. Medina-Urritia ◽

Esteban Jorge-Galarza ◽

Horacio Osorio-Alonso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Early Identification ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adiposity Index ◽

Apparently Healthy

Abstract BackgroundCompared to body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and adiposity measurements, adipose tissue morpho-functionality evaluations are more consistent predictors of cardiometabolic abnormalities. However, these evaluations require determination of adipokines and other non-routine biochemical parameters, which is not feasible in clinical practice. The present study establishes dysfunctional adiposity index (DAI) as a simple, accessible, and reliable marker of early adipocytes morpho-functional abnormalities and cardiometabolic diseases.MethodsTo establish the DAI constant parameters, 340 subjects (134 males and 206 females) without cardiovascular risk factors were selected from a cross-sectional study. Then, DAI was calculated in 36 healthy subjects who underwent subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsy, for whom adipocytes number and size, body composition, circulating adipokines, glucose, insulin, and lipids were also determined. The correlation of DAI with adipocyte morphology (size/number of adipocytes) and functionality (adiponectin/leptin ratio) was analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to define the optimal DAI cut-off point to identify metabolic abnormalities. Finally, the independent association of DAI with cardiometabolic abnormalities was determined in 1418 subjects from the cross-sectional study through multivariate analyses.ResultsThe constant parameters to calculate the DAI were [WC/[22.79+[2.68*BMI]]]*[triglycerides (TG, mmol/L)/1.37]*[1.19/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C, mmol/L)] for males, and [WC/[24.02+[2.37*BMI]]]*[TG(mmol/L)/1.32]*[1.43/HDL-C(mmol/L)] for females. In subjects underwent biopsy, DAI correlated with adipocytes mean area (r=0.358; p=0.032), adipocyte number (r=-0.381; p=0.024), adiponectin/leptin ratio (r=-0.483; p=0.003), and systemic inflammation markers. Compared to BMI, WC, and visceral fat, DAI was the only determination associated with insulin resistance (area under the curve: 0.743; p = 0.017). In the cross-sectional study, DAI ≥1.065 was independently associated with diabetes (OR: 1.96; 95%CI: 1.36-2.84), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (OR: 2.57; 95%CI: 1.98-3.33), subclinical atherosclerosis (OR: 1.74; 95%CI: 1.02-2.94), and hypertension (OR: 1.44; 95%CI: 1.10-1.88).ConclusionsThe present study establishes the constant parameters to calculate the DAI and highlights that a DAI ≥ 1.065 is associated with early cardiometabolic abnormalities independently of adiposity and other risk factors. Since DAI is calculated using accessible parameters routinely used in the clinic, this indicator can be easily incorporated in clinical practice for the early identification of adipose tissue abnormalities in apparently healthy subjects.

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