Role of Ethylene Oxidation in the Mechanism of Ethylene Action

Ethylene ◽  
1984 ◽  
pp. 75-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. B. Abeles
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Oxidation ◽  
Ethylene Action

scholarly journals 125 THE ROLE OF ETHYLENE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONSTANT-LIGHT INJURY OF POTATO

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 446c-446
Author(s):  
K. E. Cushman ◽  
T. W. Tibbitts
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Constant Light ◽  
Silver Thiosulfate ◽  
Ethylene Action ◽  
Teflon Film ◽  
Necrotic Spotting

Chlorosis and necrotic spotting develop on expanding leaves of particular cultivars of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) when grown under constant light and temperature conditions. Plantlets of a constant-light sensitive cultivar, Kennebec, were planted into peat:vermiculite and established at 18C for 10 d under a 12 h light: 12 h dark photoperiod. Plants were then exposed to constant light and sprayed with 1 ml of either 0.5 mM silver thiosulfate (STS), an ethylene-action inhibitor, or water (as a control) every 2 days. Specific `target' leaflets, 5-10 mm in length at the beginning of the constant-light period, were harvested on days 5-9 of constant light, during injury development, and placed in bags made of Teflon film for IO-15 minutes to collect ethylene. Ethylene release and necrotic spotting increased as days of constant light increased for both water and STS-treated leaves, though STS-treated leaves produced slightly less ethylene and significantly less necrotic spotting than water-treated leaves. Ethylene release was correlated with extent of necrotic spotting. STS-treated plants exhibited greater dry weight and leaf area then water-treated plants. The results indicate that ethylene is not only produced by injured leaf tissue but, in addition, that ethylene may have a role in the development of constant-light injury symptoms.

scholarly journals The Effect of 1-MCP on the Expression of Several Ripening-related Genes in Strawberries

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 2088-2090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Balogh ◽  
Tímea Koncz ◽  
Viktória Tisza ◽  
Erzsébet Kiss ◽  
László Heszky
Keyword(s):  
Pectate Lyase ◽  
Competitive Inhibitor ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Fruit Development And Ripening ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Ethylene Action ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
Nonclimacteric Fruit ◽  
Beta Galactosidase

To elucidate the role of ethylene in nonclimacteric fruit development and ripening, quantitative (cDNA–amplified fragment length polymorphism) cDNA–AFLP was used to visualize differential gene expression in four stages of ripening of strawberries (Fragaria×ananassa Duch. `Elsanta') treated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), a competitive inhibitor of ethylene action. The proportion of clones affected by 1-MCP treatment was much higher in green than in white, pink, and red receptacle tissue. Three major cell-wall-related genes were affected by 1-MCP and, thus, are putatively ethylene dependent: a ripening-repressed beta-galactosidase (Faßgal3), up-regulated by 1-MCP; a putative endo-1,3-1,4-beta-D-glucanase (EGase), up-regulated in green and down-regulated in red fruit by 1-MCP; and a pectate lyase B (plB), expressed only in the red stage and significantly down-regulated by 1-MCP. Furthermore, we have identified genes encoding an alcohol dehydrogenase, a protein kinase-related protein, and a putative glutathione S-transferase, all ripening-induced and down-regulated by 1-MCP, suggesting that their regulation is at least partly ethylene dependent.

scholarly journals Phosphorus-induced Leaf Abscission in Olive and Citrus Explants

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 541E-541
Author(s):  
Raphael Goren ◽  
Moshe Huberman ◽  
George C. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Leaf Abscission ◽  
Olive Leaf ◽  
General Phenomenon ◽  
Olive Leaves ◽  
Biosynthesis Inhibitors ◽  
Ethylene Action ◽  
Inhibitory Period

Previous studies, in which the role of phosphorus in abscission of olive leaves was examined in the presence of ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors, have suggested that phosphorus induces abscission directly, without involvement of ethylene. In the present study, this possibility was further explored by comparing the effects of an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), and an ethylene action inhibitor, 2,5-norbornadiene (NBD), in olive [Olea europaea (L) cv. Manzanillo] and citrus [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Shamouti]. In olive, leaf abscission was always induced in the presence of KH2PO4, with or without AVG and NBD (alone or in combination), but was more pronounced when KH2PO4 was applied alone. In citrus, the effect of KH2PO4 alone on the induction of leaf abscission and ethylene production was much stronger than that observed in olive. However, in the presence of NBD, KH2PO4 did not induce leaf abscission in citrus during the first 60 hr. Similar results were obtained when NBD was replaced by AVG, but, in this case, abscission was inhibited for only 48 hr. In both cases, ethylene was detected after the inhibitory period had ended. The results obtained with citrus indicate that the observed effect of KH2PO4 on the ethylene-independent induction of leaf abscission in olive is not a general phenomenon and may differ in different species.

scholarly journals Suppression of Ethylene Responses Through Application of 1-Methylcyclopropene: A Powerful Tool for Elucidating Ripening and Senescence Mechanisms in Climacteric and Nonclimacteric Fruits and Vegetables

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Huber
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Direct Control ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Ethylene Action ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Subsequent Introduction

The discovery of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) as an inhibitor of ethylene action has provided yet another effective tool for understanding the role of this hormone in the development of higher plants. In the nearly 12 years since the description of the effects of this growth regulator on ethylene action, the subsequent introduction of stable formulations has resulted in an explosive increase in 1-MCP-targeted research, particularly, although not exclusively, in the discipline of postharvest science. The vicinal relationship between 1-MCP and postharvest biology is understandable in view of the established roles of ethylene, both beneficial and detrimental, in the handling and storage behaviors of a vast majority of harvested fruit and vegetative organs. The use of 1-MCP is proving to be supplemental to molecular approaches for identifying and understanding the spectrum of senescence and ripening processes under the direct control of ethylene perception. Climacteric fruits have served as the predominant target for investigations of 1-MCP, and the responses of these fruits have confirmed that the antagonist operates in opposition to ethylene. Studies of nonclimacteric fruits challenged with 1-MCP and other ethylene action inhibitors have identified both ethylene-dependent and ethylene-independent ripening processes and have posed interesting questions regarding the canonical distinctions between climacteric and nonclimacteric fruits.

The role of endogenous ethylene in the expansion of Helianthus annuus leaves

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siew Hwee Lee ◽  
David M. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Silver Thiosulphate ◽  
Ethylene Concentration ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene ◽  
Ethylene Action

The possible role of ethylene in leaf expansion of the primary leaves of sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus) was studied. Our lowest application of ethephon promoted expansion of primary leaves. Higher concentrations of ethephon, and a range of concentrations of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, increased endogenous ethylene concentration and caused a reduction in the area of the primary leaves. The inhibition in leaf expansion induced by ethephon and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid was reversed by pretreating the plants with an inhibitor of ethylene action, namely silver thiosulphate. Treating leaves with lower concentrations of aminoefhoxyvinylglycine reduced ethylene production and stimulated leaf expansion. This effect of aminoethoxyvinylglycine could be nullified by pretreating the plants with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid. Treatment with silver thiosulphate enhanced leaf expansion. This indicates that endogenous ethylene normally plays a significant role in leaf expansion. Flooded and gravistimulated plants produced more ethylene and had smaller leaves. This could suggest that the increased ethylene is the main cause of the slowed leaf growth, however, only in some cases were we able to partially reverse the effect of flooding with silver thiosulphate. This indicates that there are probably many factors, in addition to increased ethylene, that inhibit leaf expansion in flooded and gravistimulated plants. Key words: ethylene, leaf expansion.

Involvement of ethylene in ectomycorrhiza formation and dichotomous branching of roots of mugo pine seedlings

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Rupp ◽  
K. W. Mudge ◽  
F. B. Negm
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Laccaria Laccata ◽  
Pinus Mugo ◽  
Silver Thiosulfate ◽  
Root Branching ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Mycorrhiza Formation ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene ◽  
Ethylene Action

The role of ethylene in mycorrhiza formation and root development on axenically grown seedlings of Pinus mugo Turra var. mugo was examined. Mycorrhizal formation by Laccaria laccata and Pisolithus tinctorius in a defined liquid medium was associated with increased ethylene production. Ethephon (100 μM) stimulated dichotomous branching of roots inoculated with P. tinctorius, but had no effect on those inoculated with L. laccata, or on uninoculated roots. Ethephon had no effect on the percentage of susceptible roots that became mycorrhizal with either fungus. The inhibitor of ethylene action, silver thiosulfate, had no significant effect on mycorrhiza formation by P. tinctorius, but it did show a trend toward decreased mycorrhiza formation by L. laccata when applied at concentrations of 10 μM or higher. Silver thiosulfate at 100 or 500 μM slightly increased dichotomous root branching of seedlings inoculated with either fungus, but these concentrations also caused blackening of root meristems and inhibition of root growth. These results are consistent with the interpretation that endogenous ethylene may influence mycorrhiza formation and associated changes in root morphology.

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