Mathematical modeling and multiobjective optimization complex catalyst hydroalumination reaction of olefins with diisobutylaluminium hydride

A mathematical model for the catalyst hydroalumination reaction of olefins with diisobutylaluminium hydride has been developed. In solving the direct kinetic problem applies multi-step method Gere variable order. When solving systems of ordinary differential equations in chemical kinetics, it is necessary to fulfill the balance relations at each sampling point. That ensures the fulfillment of the law of conservation of matter and the convergence of the numerical method. For the catalytic reaction of hydroalumination olefins in the presence of the organoaluminum compound diisobutylaluminum hydride, the problem of multicriteria optimization reaction conditions was solved based on a detailed kinetic model. The solutions found make it possible to optimally select the reaction conditions to achieve the maximum yield of target products, which can be based on the subsequent introduction of the laboratory reaction into production.

An Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Tumor-Associated Glycans and Mucins as Targets for Molecular Imaging of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Targeted molecular imaging may overcome current challenges in the preoperative and intraoperative delineation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Tumor-associated glycans Lea/c/x, sdi-Lea, sLea, sLex, sTn as well as mucin-1 (MUC1) and mucin-5AC (MU5AC) have gained significant interest as targets for PDAC imaging. To evaluate their PDAC molecular imaging potential, biomarker expression was determined using immunohistochemistry on PDAC, (surrounding) chronic pancreatitis (CP), healthy pancreatic, duodenum, positive (LN+) and negative lymph node (LN−) tissues, and quantified using a semi-automated digital image analysis workflow. Positive expression on PDAC tissues was found on 83% for Lea/c/x, 94% for sdi-Lea, 98% for sLea, 90% for sLex, 88% for sTn, 96% for MUC1 and 67% for MUC5AC, where all were not affected by the application of neoadjuvant therapy. Compared to PDAC, all biomarkers were significantly lower expressed on CP, healthy pancreatic and duodenal tissues, except for sTn and MUC1, which showed a strong expression on duodenum (sTn tumor:duodenum ratio: 0.6, p < 0.0001) and healthy pancreatic tissues (MUC1 tumor:pancreas ratio: 1.0, p > 0.9999), respectively. All biomarkers are suitable targets for correct identification of LN+, as well as the distinction of LN+ from LN− tissues. To conclude, this study paves the way for the development and evaluation of Lea/c/x-, sdi-Lea-, sLea-, sLex- and MUC5AC-specific tracers for molecular imaging of PDAC imaging and their subsequent introduction into the clinic.

Effect of Phage SAvB14 combined with antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus variant bovis

Because using antimicrobial drugs leads to development of resistance among bacterial isolates, the treatment with antimicrobial drugs in human and veterinary medicine in general should be reduced. Currently, therapeutic use of bacteriophages may be an alternative or addition to the treatment of bacterial infections of animals. The article presents the results of studying the effect of bacteriophage Phage SAvB14 on microbial biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus variant bovis both alone and in complex with antibiotics. For this purpose, we used strain S. aureus var. bovis 1491 f and bacteriophage Phage SAvB14, isolated at dairy farms. The effect of combined application of phage and antibiotics (gentamicin, tetracycline, сeftriaxone and enrofloxacin) were assessed after simultaneous and subsequent introduction of Phage SAvB14 in the dose of 105 plaque-forming units per milliliter (PFU/mL) and corresponding concentrations of antibiotics to 24h biofilms. We determined that of the tested antibiotics, only gentamicin and ceftriazone exerted synergic effects in combinations with Phage SAvB14. Combination treatment using gentamicin and the phage decreased the amount of S. aureus in biofilm by 39.81 times compared with the phage-only treatment. Significant synergic effect was also taken by ceftriaxone – it killed 1.26 times more bacteria in combination with the phage than alone. Other antibiotics did not increase antibiotic activity of the phage. Specifically, 1.11 and 1.26 times more vital cells remained after the actions of tetracycline and enrofloxacin than after the exposure to the bacteriophage only. Therefore, the obtained results indicate that biofilm of S. aureus var. bovis may be eliminated using Phage SAvB14 as an individual antibacterial agent, as well as in complex with antibiotics. However, complex treatment would imply introducing the phage and then antibiotic some time later.

Correlation of manganese in hairs with some biochemical parameters in blood serum of pigs

Currently, along with an in-depth study of the gene pool and the phenotype pool of farm animals of different breeds and species in the zones of their breeding, special attention is paid to the production of environmentally friendly and safe products of the agro-industrial complex for the end consumer. Therefore, water, feed, soil, animal organs and tissues are carefully monitored for the content of chemical elements. Manganese, like magnesium and other divalent ions, is a non-specific activator of enzymes: hydrolases, kinases, decarboxylases, etc. The absolute need for Mn is confirmed by the metalloenzymes pyruvate carboxylase of the liver mitochondria and muscle oxaloacetate carboxylase. The first contains four manganese atoms and four biotin molecules and catalyzes the carboxylation of pyruvic acid to oxaloacetic acid. The removal of Mn leads to the irreversible loss of enzyme activity, which is not restored with the subsequent introduction of the endogenous metal. The purpose of the research was to establish the correlations of the accumulation of manganese in the hairs with some biochemical parameters in the blood of pigs of Kemerovskaya breed. During the work the correlations of manganese in the hairs with some biochemical parameters of blood serum of pigs have been studied. When comparing the obtained data with the studies of other scientists, all the correlations were described except for the content of manganese in the hairs with serum chlorides (r=–0,43), since this correlation was not confirmed by the data of the scientific literature. A positive correlation has been established between the level of Mn with cholesterol and Mg at the level of 0,542 and 0,417, respectively. The change in the magnitude and direction of the correlation between the concentration of Mn in the hairs and the biochemical composition of the blood can be caused by some animal diseases.

Community Policing in Nigeria: Rationale, Principles, and Practice

“In this era of Covid-19, enlightened policing is of special urgency. The authors of Community Policing in Nigeria provide us invaluable guidelines to attain this.” —Gloria Emeagwali, Central Connecticut State University “Community Policing in Nigeria is well timed, especially when Nigeria is descending into a state of security failure. Not only do the authors trace the history of policing in Nigeria, they offer comprehensive strategies for community policing that would help Nigeria maintain peace and order, as well as prevent and apprehend the various kinds of criminal elements that menace the streets of the country. Most important, the book demonstrates that acceptable policing practices were bracketed and ubiquitously practiced in regions of Nigeria before the European invasion and the subsequent introduction of a state militarized police system. This book is a must-read for policy-makers and Nigeria’s educational sectors.” —Ihekwoaba Declan Onwudiwe, Texas Southern University

IMPORT TRENDS OF THE KURSK REGION IN THE CONDITIONS OF FOOD EMBARGO

For quite a long period of time, Russia has been developing its foreign trade activities, the main directions of export are energy resources, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, as well as minerals. At the same time, the change in the political situation against the background of the conflict with Ukraine and the subsequent introduction of a package of sanctions by the EU countries inevitably had a significant negative impact on the country's export-import relations. In response to sanctions pressure, Russia introduced a food embargo in 2014, thereby restricting the import of imported goods, which brought financial losses for the main importing countries, but also affected the country's food supply. During the study, an assessment was made of the development of imports of the Kursk region under the conditions of the food embargo, the main trends and their causes were identified. It was found that the volume of imports in the Kursk region in the last 5 years has been changing in a wave-like manner: in the period 2015-2016. there was a decrease in the import of goods, and since 2017, the upward trend has resumed. Reduction in import volumes in 2015-2016 due to the introduction of the food embargo and the intensification of the policy of import substitution, however, it soon became obvious that it was not possible to meet the emerging needs from internal resources.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE RELEVANCE OF DRE, TRUS, AND PSA IN THE DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF PATIENTS WITH CARCINOMA OF THE PROSTATE.

Carcinoma of the prostate (CaP) is currently the most frequently diagnosed cancer among males . Although it was initially thought to be uncommon in Africans, recent studies have shown that the incidence and prevalence rates are higher in Africans than in age-matched African-Americans. The clinical outcome is also known to be relatively poor among blacks who typically present for treatment at advanced stages of the disease and at relatively younger ages .Before the advent of sophisticated diagnostic techniques, the diagnosis of carcinoma of prostate was mainly done with digital rectal examination (DRE) with the attendant limitations as it was only useful in detecting advanced diseases. Previous studies have also shown that the ndings and conclusions reached at DRE were subjective and observer dependent . The subsequent introduction of the transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), which was greeted with much expectation with the hope that it would assist in detecting cancer nodules eluding detection by DRE turned out to be a disappointment . Nevertheless, the introduction of the serum prostate-specic antigen (PSA) test brought about a revolution in the diagnosis of CaP since it allowed the detection of the disease in its early stages. This resulted in a signicant reduction in the number of cases of CaP diagnosed at advanced stages. Since then, researchers have concentrated on the merits and demerits of the PSA in the early detection of CaP . In recent times, however, controversies have trailed the use of the PSA in the screening and early diagnosis of CaP since it is becoming apparent that serum PSA estimation has some signicant drawbacks in the evaluation of patients with prostatic disorders . Although a larger percentage of cases of carcinoma of prostate are still being diagnosed at advanced stages in most African nations, only extremely very few studies have examined the role of serum PSA in the management of such cases . Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic yield of DRE, TRUS scan and PSA in the diagnostic evaluation of advanced carcinoma.

{ Introduction }

The introduction uses the 2005 memoir of a Mexican American volunteer in the French Foreign Legion, along with accounts of other Latina/o soldiers who fought in France during WWI and WWII, to illustrate the inadequacy of extant paradigms and hermeneutic practices for explicating the expansive and ideologically discrepant range of Latina/o spatial ontologies and uniquely globalized identities from the midnineteenth to twenty-first centuries. It simultaneously introduces a new theory for Latina/o literature that draws upon the Colombian interdisciplinary field of Violence Studies—violentología—to adapt a flexible yet historically grounded method for identifying how Latina/o identities throughout time and place, or chronotopes, are undergirded by various forms of violence. These intersecting yet unique Latina/o formations extend through and beyond conventional theories of Latina/o citizenship, nationality, and history, as well as Latina/o identity, culture, and ideology—or Latininidades—and thus are identified as supra-Latina/o violentologies. This new and expansive category accommodates a fuller range of complex Latina/o modalities across geopolitical terrain and the ideological gamut. The subsequent introduction of proliferating and increasingly diverse Latinidades thus foregrounds a new era for Latina/o Studies.

SOME ISSUES OF DIGITALIZATION OF THE MECHANISM OF ADAPTATION AND INTEGRATION OF FOREIGN CITIZENS IN RUSSIA UNDER COVID-19 CONDITIONS

The article discusses the measures necessary to improve the mechanisms of adaptation and integration of migrants in Russia in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the provisions of legal acts in which there is disagreement on the issue of state regulation of the processes of adaptation and integration. Taking into account the activities of the state on the introduction of digital technologies in various fields of activity, it is recommended to develop a mobile application containing relevant information on Russian legislation in different languages. It should also provide the foreigner with information about his further actions for staying (residing) in Russia, including the information contained in the state information system. It is noted that in connection with the threat of the spread of coronavirus infection (despite the temporary measures established by the Decree of the President of Russia to regulate the legal status of foreign citizens and stateless persons) for issuing permits, these persons are not exempt from the obligation to pass a comprehensive exam in Russian as a foreign language, history and fundamentals of Russian legislation. Given the established uniform requirements for foreigners to pass such a test. It is proposed to establish three different levels of knowledge requirements for foreign citizens and stateless persons, depending on the requested legal status. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to minimize human contacts, measures have been proposed to digitize the procedure for conducting a comprehensive exam. It is proposed to automate the of tests with the subsequent introduction of artificial intelligence methods to fully automate the process of conducting a comprehensive exam. It is proposed to automate the test check by the subsequent introduction of artificial intelligence methods for the complete automation of the examination process.

The «Absolute Futility» isn't Absolute: Concerning the Necessity of Reconsideration of Existing Time-Based Criterion for Stopping Resuscitation Attempt

Despite the progress in the modern resuscitation science, optimal duration of a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) attempt is not defined yet.It seems appropriate to initiate an open discussion within the Russian medical research community, concerning the development of uniform legislated criteria for stopping resuscitation, considering the best scientific evidence and current international guidelines, with subsequent introduction of harmonized amendments to the clinical practice guidelines for CPR.