The Formation of Chemical Elements and their Abundances in the Solar System

2001 ◽  
pp. 245-252
Author(s):  
F. Matteucci
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Chemical Elements

scholarly journals The Theory of The Nuclear Universe and The Secret of The Supernova

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 5535-5545
Author(s):  
Eduardo S. Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Old Age ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Rational Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Masses ◽  
The Universe

This article is a deep, logical and rational analysis of the three original nuclear and chemical elements of the architecture of the nuclear universe, and which give superconducting motion to the solar system and galaxies of the universe. After the so-called Big Bang of the universe came the space, a new time count and the nuclear universe, governed by the attractions and repulsions of the physical properties of the nuclear superconductivity mass. Then, three new superconductive materials emerged in space consisting of three new nuclear chemical elements. The first liquid superconductive mass of gravity appeared. Liquid superconductive masses of orbital attraction and the superconductive mass of orbital repulsion were formed. The mass of gravity by means of a gravitational turmoil and centrifuged the three nuclear masses. So in this way the solar system was created. Then, the natural moons were created from the volumetric rest of the matter that formed the planet. At this early time the moons had the rotational motion on their axis, similar to the planet. At this early time the planets already had the rotation movement. In "old age," the moon stopped the rotation and began the revolution movement. In the 21st century, the Earth's core is solid or pasty.

Different Kinds of Evolution

Philosophy ◽  
1926 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
J. Arthur Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Evolution Of Sex ◽  
Evolution Of Language ◽  
Evolution Of Religion ◽  
Evolution Of Mind ◽  
The Way

Evoluvation is one of the badly over worked words, like “ force,” “ instinct,” and “ value.” It means a process of Becoming. but it is applied to various orders of facts which have very little in common, either as regards the material evolving or in the way in which the evolution comes about. We hear of the evolution of a solar system, the evolution of matter, the evolution of religion, the evolution of the chemical elements, the evolution of man, the evolution of language, the evolution of scenery, the evolution of the horse, the evolution of mind, the evolution of plants, the evolution of sex, the evolution of society, the evolution of species, the evolution of evolution theories, and so on. When processes that are different are called by the same name, there is bound to be confusion; and it is more than verbal. We venture to make some simple suggestions which, if accepted, would lessen the confusion.

Review Lecture: Origin of the chemical elements

1984 ◽  
Vol 396 (1810) ◽  
pp. 21-54 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Initial Composition ◽  
Initial Chemical Composition ◽  
Stellar Formation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
The Universe

An account is first given of the observed chemical composition of objects in the Universe (Sun, Solar System, stars, gas clouds) and of important variations of composition from object to object. The initial composition is then discussed in terms of the Hot Big Bang cosmological theory, and the different types of nuclear reaction which are believed to have occurred in stars and to have modified this composition are considered. Finally, an account is given of the interpretation of the present observations in terms of the initial chemical composition and of galactic and stellar formation and evolution.

scholarly journals The Earth's Gold: Where Did It Really Come From?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth P. Tito ◽  
Vadim I. Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Terrestrial Planets ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Early Solar System ◽  
Reaction Channels

Why is it that in the neighborhood of a calm ordinary star (the Sun) located at the quiet periphery of its galaxy (the Milky Way), non-native heavy elements are abundant in such concentrated form? Where did these elements really come from? Where did Earth's gold come from? Our analysis of the known data offers a fact-reconciling hypothesis: What if, in the early solar system, an explosive collision occurred -- of a traveling from afar giant-nuclear-drop-like object with a local massive dense object (perhaps a then-existent companion of the Sun) -- and the debris, through the multitude of reaction channels and nuclei transformations, was then responsible for (1) the enrichment of the solar system with the cocktail of all detected exogenous chemical elements, and (2) the eventual formation of the terrestrial planets that pre-collision did not exist, thus offering a possible explanation for their inner position and compositional differences within the predominantly hydrogen-helium rest of the solar system.

scholarly journals Interstellar Dust and the Organic Inventories of Early Solar Systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 163-168
Author(s):  
D. C. B. Whittet
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Interstellar Dust ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Solar Nebula ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Interstellar Space ◽  
Complex Molecules ◽  
Solar Systems ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Interstellar Dust Grains

Interstellar dust grains are vectors for cosmic carbon and other biogenic chemical elements. They deliver carbon to protoplanetary disks in various refractory phases (amorphous, graphitic, etc.), and they are coated with icy mantles that contain organic molecules and water. The nature of the organics present in and on the dust appears to be closely related to physical conditions. Complex molecules may be synthesized when simple ices are irradiated. Astronomical observations show that this occurs in the vicinity of certain massive protostars, but it is not known whether our Solar System formed in such a region. Organic matter does not survive cycling though diffuse regions of interstellar space; any organics delivered to the early Earth must have originated in the parent molecular cloud, or in the solar nebula itself. A key question is thus identified: What was the star-formation environment of the Solar System? Possible constraints are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Development of the PFO–CFO hypothesis of solar system formation: Why do the celestial objects have different isotopic ratios for some chemical elements?

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (S274) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
E. A. Kadyshevich ◽  
V. E. Ostrovskii
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Phenomenological Model ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Isotopic Ratios ◽  
Solar System Formation ◽  
System Formation ◽  
The Middle Ages

AbstractThe Solar System formation PFO–CFO hypothesis is developed in the direction of creation of a phenomenological model focused on solution of a number of paradoxes and answering to a number of mysterious questions under the same cover. For explanation of the events and processes that occurred over the period from the middle ages of the pre-solar star to the Solar System formation, original approaches are applied.

scholarly journals The radioactive nuclei and in the Cosmos and in the solar system

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Diehl ◽  
M. Lugaro ◽  
A. Heger ◽  
A. Sieverding ◽  
X. Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Nuclear Fusion ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
Fusion Reactions ◽  
Nuclear Fusion Reactions

Abstract The cosmic evolution of the chemical elements from the Big Bang to the present time is driven by nuclear fusion reactions inside stars and stellar explosions. A cycle of matter recurrently re-processes metal-enriched stellar ejecta into the next generation of stars. The study of cosmic nucleosynthesis and this matter cycle requires the understanding of the physics of nuclear reactions, of the conditions at which the nuclear reactions are activated inside the stars and stellar explosions, of the stellar ejection mechanisms through winds and explosions, and of the transport of the ejecta towards the next cycle, from hot plasma to cold, star-forming gas. Due to the long timescales of stellar evolution, and because of the infrequent occurrence of stellar explosions, observational studies are challenging, as they have biases in time and space as well as different sensitivities related to the various astronomical methods. Here, we describe in detail the astrophysical and nuclear-physical processes involved in creating two radioactive isotopes useful in such studies, $^{26}\mathrm{Al}$ and $^{60}\mathrm{Fe}$ . Due to their radioactive lifetime of the order of a million years, these isotopes are suitable to characterise simultaneously the processes of nuclear fusion reactions and of interstellar transport. We describe and discuss the nuclear reactions involved in the production and destruction of $^{26}\mathrm{Al}$ and $^{60}\mathrm{Fe}$ , the key characteristics of the stellar sites of their nucleosynthesis and their interstellar journey after ejection from the nucleosynthesis sites. This allows us to connect the theoretical astrophysical aspects to the variety of astronomical messengers presented here, from stardust and cosmic-ray composition measurements, through observation of $\gamma$ rays produced by radioactivity, to material deposited in deep-sea ocean crusts and to the inferred composition of the first solids that have formed in the Solar System. We show that considering measurements of the isotopic ratio of $^{26}\mathrm{Al}$ to $^{60}\mathrm{Fe}$ eliminate some of the unknowns when interpreting astronomical results, and discuss the lessons learned from these two isotopes on cosmic chemical evolution. This review paper has emerged from an ISSI-BJ Team project in 2017–2019, bringing together nuclear physicists, astronomers, and astrophysicists in this inter-disciplinary discussion.

Cosmic Chemistry

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Chambers ◽  
Jacqueline Mitton
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Rich Variety ◽  
Gold Silver ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Rocky Planets ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe

This chapter analyzes how humans owe their existence to the rich variety of chemical elements that exist in the universe. The solar system contains hydrogen to power the Sun; iron and silicon to build rocky planets; and carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen to form the building blocks of life. Almost 100 elements occur naturally in the solar system in varying amounts. Some, like hydrogen, oxygen, and iron, are abundant everywhere. Others, like gold, silver, and uranium, are much less common. The mixture of elements has remained almost constant since the solar system formed, apart from changes deep in the Sun's interior. The chapter shows how the composition of the solar system was shaped by events elsewhere in the universe dating back to the Big Bang itself.

scholarly journals GEOMETRICAL STRUCTURE OF LEAD NUCLEI AND OF SOME OTHER CHEMICAL ELEMENTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Aminov
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Arithmetic Progression ◽  
Chemical Element ◽  
Geometrical Structure ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Interior Structure ◽  
Α Particles

The interior structure of nucleus of the chemical element lead is given in the form of shell sequence of polyhedrons. This sequence represented with the help of some arithmetic progression of positive numbers, which connects with hypothesis of α-particles synthesis of nuclei. Other chemical elements also are considering with this point of view. On the graph of abundance of chemical elements in Solar system picks correspond to these elements. In the work the Table of numbers of nucleons in nuclei of these elements is proposed and we obtain combinatoric type of polyhedrons, which considering as shells of these chemical elements.

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