Physiology of yeasts in relation to biomass yields

1992 ◽  
pp. 325-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelis Verduyn
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Yields

Quantification of the kinetic differences between communities isolated from completely mixed activated sludge systems operated with or without a selector using a novel respirometric method

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barth F. Smets ◽  
Timothy G. Ellis ◽  
Stephanie Brau ◽  
Richard W. Sanders ◽  
C. P. Leslie Grady
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Biodegradation Kinetics ◽  
Substrate Removal ◽  
Biomass Yields ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Single Oxygen ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

This study quantified the kinetic differences in microbial communities isolated from completely mixed activated sludge (CMAS) systems that were operated either with or without an aerobic selector preceding the main reactor. A new respirometric method was employed that allowed the determination of biodegradation kinetics from single oxygen consumption curves, thereby minimizing physiological changes to the examined communities during the assay. Results indicated that increased values for Ks and μmax for acetate, phenol, and 4-chlorophenol degradation were measured in the CMAS system operated with a selector. The biomass yields on acetate, phenol, and 4-chlorophenol were very similar in both systems. These findings indicate that the operation of CMAS systems with aerobic selectors may result in the selection for degrading populations with higher Ks and μmax values for both biogenic and xenobiotic organic compounds, and that substrate storage in the selector only partially contributes to increased substrate removal rates.

scholarly journals Response of wheat, pea, and canola to micronutrient fertilization on five contrasting prairie soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noabur Rahman ◽  
Jeff Schoenau
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Extraction ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Prairie Soils ◽  
Biomass Yields ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Cu And Zn

Abstract A polyhouse study was conducted to evaluate the relative effectiveness of different micronutrient fertilizer formulation and application methods on wheat, pea and canola, as indicated by yield response and fate of micronutrients in contrasting mineral soils. The underlying factors controlling micronutrient bioavailability in a soil–plant system were examined using chemical and spectroscopic speciation techniques. Application of Cu significantly improved grain and straw biomass yields of wheat on two of the five soils (Ukalta and Sceptre), of which the Ukalta soil was critically Cu deficient according to soil extraction with DTPA. The deficiency problem was corrected by either soil or foliar application of Cu fertilizers. There were no significant yield responses of pea to Zn fertilization on any of the five soils. For canola, soil placement of boric acid was effective in correcting the deficiency problem in Whitefox soil, while foliar application was not. Soil extractable Cu, Zn, and B concentration in post-harvest soils were increased with soil placement of fertilizers, indicating that following crops in rotation could benefit from this application method. The chemical and XANES spectroscopic speciation indicates that carbonate associated is the dominant form of Cu and Zn in prairie soils, where chemisorption to carbonates is likely the major process that determines the fate of added Cu and Zn fertilizer.

scholarly journals Increased Plant Quality, Greenhouse Productivity and Energy Efficiency with Broad-Spectrum LED Systems: A Case Study for Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 960
Author(s):  
Jenny Manuela Tabbert ◽  
Hartwig Schulz ◽  
Andrea Krähmer
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Biomass Yields ◽  
Lighting Systems

A light-emitting diode (LED) system covering plant-receptive wavebands from ultraviolet to far-red radiation (360 to 760 nm, “white” light spectrum) was investigated for greenhouse productions of Thymus vulgaris L. Biomass yields and amounts of terpenoids were examined, and the lights’ productivity and electrical efficiency were determined. All results were compared to two conventionally used light fixture types (high-pressure sodium lamps (HPS) and fluorescent lights (FL)) under naturally low irradiation conditions during fall and winter in Berlin, Germany. Under LED, development of Thymus vulgaris L. was highly accelerated resulting in distinct fresh yield increases per square meter by 43% and 82.4% compared to HPS and FL, respectively. Dry yields per square meter also increased by 43.1% and 88.6% under LED compared to the HPS and FL lighting systems. While composition of terpenoids remained unaffected, their quantity per gram of leaf dry matter significantly increased under LED and HPS as compared to FL. Further, the power consumption calculations revealed energy savings of 31.3% and 20.1% for LED and FL, respectively, compared to HPS. In conclusion, the implementation of a broad-spectrum LED system has tremendous potential for increasing quantity and quality of Thymus vulgaris L. during naturally insufficient light conditions while significantly reducing energy consumption.

scholarly journals Poultry Litter, Biochar, and Fertilizer Effect on Corn Yield, Nutrient Uptake, N2O and CO2 Emissions

Environments ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karamat R. Sistani ◽  
Jason R. Simmons ◽  
Marcia Jn-Baptiste ◽  
Jeff M. Novak
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
First Year ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biomass Yields ◽  
Corn Productivity

Biochar holds promise as a soil amendment with potential to sequester carbon, improve soil fertility, adsorb organic pollutants, stimulate soil microbial activities, and improve crop yield. We used a hardwood biochar to assess its impact on corn (Zea mays) grain, biomass yields and greenhouse gas emission in central Kentucky, USA. Six treatments included as follows: control (C) with no amendment applied; poultry litter (PL); biochar (B); biochar + poultry litter (B + PL); fertilizers N-P-K (F); and biochar + fertilizers (B + F). Biochar was applied only once to plots in 2010 followed by rototilling all plots. Only PL and fertilizer were applied annually. When applied alone, biochar did not significantly increase dry matter, grain yield, and N-P-K uptake. There was also no significant difference between the combined treatments when compared with PL or F applications alone. We observed a slight increasing trend in corn grain yield in the following 2 years compared to the first year from biochar treatment. Poultry litter treatment produced significantly greater N2O and CO2 emissions, but emissions were lower from the B+PL treatment. We conclude that this biochar did not improve corn productivity in the short term but has potential to increase yield in the long term and may have some benefit when combined with PL or F in reducing N2O and CO2 emissions.

Long-term biomass yields of giant reed, mimosa and switchgrass in Alabama

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang Ping ◽  
David I. Bransby ◽  
Edzard van Santen
Keyword(s):  
Giant Reed ◽  
Biomass Yields

scholarly journals Suitability of peanut residue as a nitrogen source for a rye cover crop

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kipling Shane Balkcom ◽  
Charles Wesley Wood ◽  
James Fredrick Adams ◽  
Bernard Meso
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
N Application ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Biomass Yields

Leguminous winter cover crops have been utilized in conservation systems to partially meet nitrogen (N) requirements of succeeding summer cash crops, but the potential of summer legumes to reduce N requirements of a winter annual grass, used as a cover crop, has not been extensively examined. This study assessed the N contribution of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) residues to a subsequent rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop grown in a conservation system on a Dothan sandy loam (fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Plinthic Kandiudults) at Headland, AL USA during the 2003-2005 growing seasons. Treatments were arranged in a split plot design, with main plots of peanut residue retained or removed from the soil surface, and subplots as N application rates (0, 34, 67 and 101 kg ha-1) applied in the fall. Peanut residue had minimal to no effect on rye biomass yields, N content, carbon (C) /N ratio, or N, P, K, Ca and Zn uptake. Additional N increased rye biomass yield, and N, P, K, Ca, and Zn uptakes. Peanut residue does not contribute significant amounts of N to a rye cover crop grown as part of a conservation system, but retaining peanut residue on the soil surface could protect the soil from erosion early in the fall and winter before a rye cover crop grows sufficiently to protect the typically degraded southeastern USA soils.

Month of harvest and yield components of tea tree. II. Oil concentration, composition, and yield

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 817 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Murtagh ◽  
GR Smith
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Biomass Yields ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations

Changes in the concentration, composition, and yield of oil in coppice growth of tea tree (Melaleuca alternzfolia) were assessed when plants were harvested in different months. Oil concentrations in leaves were lower when plants were harvested in July-September than in other months, but biomass yields were higher. Consequently, there was no consistent effect of harvest month on oil yield. Oil yield varied as much between the same month in different years, as between months within a year. The oil concentration in one harvest was positively related to the biomass yield at the previous harvest of the same plants, suggesting that a carryover of energy reserves contributed to oil production. The oil concentration was also positively related to the mean air temperatures over the 3 months before harvest. The proportion of the economically significant compounds in oil, terpinen-4-01 and 1,8-cineole, was not affected by either the month of harvest or regrowth cycle, but other compounds did change. There was a significant loss of monoterpene olefins from oil which was present at high concentrations.

scholarly journals Review on Effects of Sowing Methods and Types of Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth Yield and Yield Component of TEFF [Eragrostis TEF (ZUCC.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-236
Author(s):  
Damte Balcha Gadana
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Eragrostis Tef ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Biomass Yields ◽  
Planting Method

Most farmers’ practices broadcast sowing methods and productivity is less. Soil fertility maintenance is a major concern in tropical Africa which needs to tackle soil fertility depletion as a fundamental constraint. Similarly, the traditional way of planting tef reduces the amount of grain production, promotes competition for inputs, and causes severe lodging. This paper aimed to review the interaction effects between seed sowing methods and different types of inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of teff. In Ethiopia, recent research indicates planting method (row planting and broadcasting) affects the yield and yield components of teff. The review indicates the yield components include heading and maturity, plant height, first growth rate, number of tiller and panicle, thousand seed weight, grain, straw, and total biomass yields and harvest index high in Method of Row sowing compared to broadcast in Ethiopia but Days to emergence and panicle length were more affected by broadcasting. In economical acceptance, Row sowing was found to be economically acceptable with more income from grain yield than broadcasting.

scholarly journals Sorghum responses to different forms of Tilemsi rock phosphate combined with soluble fertilizers in a low-input production system in Mali

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 3285-3296
Author(s):  
Aliou Badara Kouyate ◽  
Ali Ibrahim ◽  
Idriss Serme ◽  
Sidiki Gabriel Dembele
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Biomass Yields ◽  
Faible Revenu ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Different Doses

The deficiency in bioavailable phosphorus is one of the major constraints to cereal production in Mali. The objective of this study was to assess the combined effects of Tilemsi rock phosphate (PNT) with different doses of soluble fertilizers on the solubility of rock phosphate, the agronomic performance of sorghum and the chemical properties of the soil. The study consisted of the comparison of four (4) types of fertilization at three (3) levels of variation 0 kg.ha-1; 11 kg.ha-1, and 16 kg.ha-1 of phosphorus arranged in a complete randomized block with three replicates. The combination of PNT with sulfate ammonium (NH4) 2SO4 resulted in a significant increase in grain and biomass yields during the two years of the study. The increase of the rate of phosphate rock application lead to improve the sorghum grain yield by an average of 29%. The combined application of sulfate ammonium (NH4) 2SO4 with PNT significantly increased the phosphorus uptake indices from PNT. These results show that there is a possibility of improving the productivity of sorghum in Mali with the combined use of Tilemsi rock phosphate and soluble fertilizers, particularly sulfate ammonium. La déficience en phosphore assimilable du sol est l’une des contraintes majeures à la production céréalière au Mali. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer les effets de différentes formules de fumures à base du phosphore naturel de tilemsi (PNT) et d’engrais azotés et potassiques sur les propriétés chimiques du sol et les performances agronomiques du sorgho. Pour ce faire, un dispositif factoriel en blocs complètement randomisés a été implanté. Le premier facteur est composé des 4 formules de fumures (PNT granule (P), PNT granule avec KCl , PNT granule avec (NH4)2SO4 et PNT granule avec KCl et (NH4)2SO4 ) et le second facteur les niveaux de doses de phosphore (0 kg.ha-1; 11 kg.ha-1, et 16 kg.ha-1). L’association du PNT avec le sulfate d’ammonium (NH4)2SO4 a entraîné une augmentation significative des rendements grain et biomasse pendant les deux annéesd’étude. L’augmentation de la dose d’apport du phosphore a amélioré le rendement grain de 29% en moyenne. L’application combinée du sulfate d’ammonium (NH4)2SO4 avec le PNT a augmenté significativement l’efficacité agronomique du PNT. Ces résultats montrent qu’il y a une possibilité d’améliorer la productivité du sorgho au Mali avec l’utilisation combinée de phosphore naturel de Tilemsi à la dose de 16 kg.ha-1 et les engrais solubles notamment le sulfate d’ammonium. Ainsi cette formulation pourrait être recommandée en culture de sorgho pour les producteurs à faible revenu en zone Sahélienne du Mali.

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