The Sampling Programme and the Measurement and Description of Dispersion

1978 ◽  
pp. 7-69
Author(s):  
T. R. E. Southwood
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Programme

scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory and gastrointestinal parasites of dogs in north-west Italy

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Guardone ◽  
M. Magi ◽  
M. C. Prati ◽  
F. Macchioni
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
North West ◽  
Sampling Programme ◽  
Trichuris Vulpis ◽  
Toxascaris Leonina ◽  
Eucoleus Boehmi

SummaryThe present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of gastrointestinal and cardio-respiratory parasites in dogs in Liguria (northwest Italy) which is a region that has scarcely been studied. A total of 450 dogs (260 males and 190 females) were enrolled in the study from 2009 and 2013. All dogs lived in a rural or semi-rural environment in the provinces of Imperia (n = 352) or Savona (n = 98), Liguria. Coprological examinations showed that 197 dogs (43.8 %, CI 38.7-48.9 %) were infected by parasites. Specifically, 3.3 % of the dogs presented only cardio-respiratory species, 32.4 % only intestinal species, and 8.0 % presented a mixed infection.The most frequent intestinal parasites wereToxocara canis(20 %),Trichuris vulpis(17.8 %), Ancylostomatidae (12 %), Coccidia (2.7 %),Aonchotheca putorii(1.8 %) andToxascaris leonina(1.8 %). The cardio-respiratory species found wereEucoleus aerophilus(9.6 %),Eucoleus boehmi(1.6 %),Angiostrongylus vasorum(0.7 %), andCrenosoma vulpis(0.2 %). A total of 116 dogs (25.8 %) were parasitized by a single species, multiple infections were observed in 81 dogs (18.0 %) up to a six-order infection.This preliminary study highlighted that the prevalence of intestinal parasites in investigated area is high. Cardio respiratory parasites were detected in an area that has not been investigated before. The creation of a more extensive sampling programme of the area, on a provincial basis in order to build a more detailed map of prevalences for different species of dog parasites throughout Liguria, a more extensive sampling programme of the area needs to be created - ideally for each province.

Gastrotricha from Italian brackish water environments with the description of a new species of Chaetonotus

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Tongiorgi ◽  
E. Fregni ◽  
M. Balsamo
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Coastal Lakes ◽  
Brackish Waters ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Sampling Programme ◽  
First Time ◽  
River Po ◽  
A New Species

During 1996–1997 a systematic sampling programme was carried out in brackish coastal lakes and lagoons and in the delta of the River Po. In six of the nine collecting locations, 12 species of Gastrotricha were identified. One species, Chaetonotus ichthydioides, is new to science; another three species, the chaetonotidans Heterolepidoderma foliatum and the macrodasyidans Dendrodasys ponticus and Turbanella cf. pontica, and one macrodasyidan genus, Paradasys (P. subterraneus), were found in Italy for the first time. The unusual morphology of some of the species identified shows that Gastrotricha colonized brackish waters from both marine and freshwater habitats.

Crustacean zooplankton species richness: single- and multiple-year estimates

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1573-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley E Arnott ◽  
John J Magnuson ◽  
Norman D Yan
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Species Pool ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Zooplankton Species ◽  
Asymptotic Approach ◽  
Sampling Programme ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Shield Lakes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Temporal Extent

Richness estimates are dependent on the spatial and temporal extent of the sampling programme and the method used to predict richness. We assessed crustacean zooplankton richness in eight Canadian Shield lakes at different temporal and spatial scales using three methods of estimation: cumulative, asymptotic, and Chao's index. Percent species detected increased with the number of spatial, intraannual, or interannual samples taken. Single samples detected 50% of the annual species pool and 33% of the total estimated species pool. This suggests that previous estimates of zooplankton richness, based on single samples in individual lakes, are too low. Our richness estimates for individual lakes approach the total number of zooplankton found in some regions of Canada, suggesting that each lake has most taxa at some time, the majority being very rare. Single-year richness estimates provided poor predictions of multiple-year richness. The relationship between richness and environmental variables was dependent on the method of estimation and the number of samples used. We conclude that richness should be treated as an "index" rather than an absolute and sampling efforts should be standardized. We recommend an asymptotic approach to estimate zooplankton richness because the number of samples taken influenced it less.

Sydney rock oyster farming in Australia.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Nell
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Quality Assurance Program ◽  
First Year ◽  
Water Sampling ◽  
Time To Market ◽  
Profit Margins ◽  
Rock Oyster ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Sampling Programme

Abstract The 120-year-old Sydney rock oyster industry in New South Wales (NSW) and southern Queensland is one of the oldest aquaculture industries in Australia. The industry has been forced to adapt to competition from other species, tighter harvesting and oyster storage and handling requirements as well as eroding profit margins. Recent changes in farming practices include the move away from stick culture to single seed culture, as the half-shell market demands a more uniformly shaped oyster. When selective breeding demonstrated that it could reduce time to market (50 g whole weight) by nearly a year out of an industry average of 3.5 years, the industry wanted to try hatchery technology. Although the industry had never used hatchery technology before, it purchased 10 million spat or 8% of its annual spat requirement from hatcheries in 2003-2004, the first year that they were made available to farmers. The industry also embraced the Australian Shellfish Quality Assurance Program, which requires that shellfish harvest areas be classified on the basis of a sanitary survey and the results of an ongoing strategic water-sampling programme. This programme ensures product safety for the consumers and helps to provide the industry with a long-term future.

Temporal and spatial distribution and abundance of blue swimmer crab (Portunus pelagicus) larvae in a temperate gulf

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon R. Bryars ◽  
Jon. N. Havenhand
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Vertical Migration ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Portunus Pelagicus ◽  
Limited Sampling ◽  
Sampling Programme ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Stage 1

A plankton-sampling programme for blue swimmer crab (Portunus pelagicus) larvae was conducted in the temperate waters of Gulf St Vincent, South Australia, to investigate: (1) if larval hatching is seasonal; (2) if larvae are restricted to surface waters; (3) if larvae are hatched offshore; and (4) if larval development occurs offshore. The temporal and spatial distribution and abundance of larvae indicated that hatching and zoeal development occur mainly in deeper offshore waters during the warmer months of November to March, and that zoeal development occurs in a range of depths from the neuston to at least 14 m. Although peaks in abundance usually occurred in the upper 3 m, zoeae were distributed throughout the water column, with the majority occurring in sub-surface waters below 1 m depth. There was no evidence for a daylight ontogenetic or tidal vertical migration in the four zoeal stages. Limited sampling revealed no evidence for a diurnal vertical migration in stage-1 zoea. Although the seasonal and inshore-offshore patterns of hatching observed in the study were typical for a portunid species, the broad vertical distribution differed from that observed for P. pelagicus in previous studies.

Growth of four species of juvenile fish associated with the Seagrass Zostera capricorni, in Botany Bay, NSW

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
DG Worthington ◽  
DJ Ferrell ◽  
SE NcNeill ◽  
JD Bell
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
New South ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Length Frequency ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Sampling Programme

Populations of four species of juvenile fish- Rhabdosargus sarba, Acanthopagrus australis, Achoerodus viridis and Girella tricuspidata-were sampled from a seagrass bed in Botany Bay, New South Wales. Fish were collected eight times between 22 March 1990 and 22 February 1991, using a small seine-net. Growth rates were calculated from the progression of cohorts in length-frequency distributions. Cohorts of R. sarba, A. australis and A. viridis grew most slowly during winter (0.02, 0.04 and 0.21 mm day-1, respectively); growth then increased, peaking just prior to the loss of the cohort from the habitat (0.3 1, 0.24 and 0.39 mm day-1). Populations of R. sarba, A. australis and A. viridis were comprised of one or two cohorts that remained in the habitat for at least 3-4 months. Conversely, up to seven cohorts of G. tricuspidata were found between October and February, and most cohorts did not remain in the habitat for more than 2 months. As a result, there were only two confident estimates of growth for G. tricuspidata: 0.23 mm day-1 between October and November, and 0.34 mm day-1 between January and February. Individuals of each species were also kept in a flow-through 4000-L tank of sea water. Growth of cohorts of fish kept in the tank was very similar to that found in natural populations during the same time period. The rates of recruitment and loss of cohorts from seagrass can be rapid and these factors must be considered in designing a sampling programme to assess growth by analysis of length-frequency distributions.

The Development of a System to Assess the Ecological Quality of Streams Based on Macroinvertebrates – Design of the Sampling Programme within the AQEM Project

2003 ◽  
Vol 88 (34) ◽  
pp. 345-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hering ◽  
Andrea Buffagni ◽  
Otto Moog ◽  
Leonard Sandin ◽  
Mario Sommerhäuser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Quality ◽  
Sampling Programme
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