Selected Legal and Policy Implications Arising from the EU–ICC Agreement of 2006

Vietnam is one of the top information and communication technologies (ICT) exporters globally, and the ICT products constitute nearly one-fifth of Vietnam’s total exports to the European Union (EU). This study empirically investigates the determinants of Vietnam’s ICT exports to the EU by applying the gravity model for trade with panel data from 2000 to 2019. Besides the traditional variables of the gravity model, we added gross capital formation, patent application and exchange rates as explanatory variables. The results show that among factors affecting Vietnam’s ICT export to the EU, market size, patent applications, and exchange rate are the most significant determinants. The article also suggests some policy implications for the development of ICT exports between the two parties. JEL Codes: F14, C2

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Possible Assessment Method of Green Infrastructure in the Case of Small Town Keszthely, Hungary

Land Science ◽

10.30560/ls.v2n2p21 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. p21

Author(s):

Vera Iváncsics ◽

Krisztina Filepné Kovács

Keyword(s):

Green Infrastructure ◽

Environmental Planning ◽

Evaluation Method ◽

Assessment Method ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Current Status ◽

Field Surveys ◽

Further Development ◽

The Eu

Recently the planning of green infrastructure (GI) has become a general practice around metropolis (Paris, München, Budapest, etc). A complex methodology is required that goes beyond the scope of traditional green surface systems. However, there are various policy implications in the EU, the smaller towns are lagging to apply them. The paper presents a potential evaluation method through the case study of Keszthely, HU. As Keszthely at Balaton Riviera, is a popular touristic target of CEE, the environmental planning is an essential part of sustainable development. After a literature analyses of assessment methods of GI and ecosystem services, the aspects of GI have been valued on grade scales, based on field surveys and indicators. The current status of the GI was surveyed which is a base for further development and monitoring activities. The paper introduces the methodology, which contributes to preservation of ecosystems.

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A Drop in the Ocean: Patchy Evidence on the Societal Benefits of Marine Litter Reduction

Frontiers in Marine Science ◽

10.3389/fmars.2021.671326 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Jana Stoever ◽

Katrin Rehdanz ◽

Ikechukwu Charles Okoli

Keyword(s):

Cost Benefit ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Marine Strategy Framework Directive ◽

Marine Litter ◽

Eu Member States ◽

Post Evaluation ◽

Societal Benefits ◽

Ex Post ◽

Key Characteristics ◽

The Eu

The benefits of marine litter reduction to society, which are mostly non-market ones, need to be valued and quantified in monetary terms to be included in cost benefit analyses required by the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive. This article investigates the extent to which these benefits can be derived from existing studies. We review the available empirical evidence and analyze its key characteristics based on descriptive statistics. Comparing the availability of estimates with the requirements for the EU Member States, we find a striking mismatch between the data available and the information required, which cannot be alleviated by benefit transfer. This finding is valid for both, ex-ante and ex-post, evaluation attempts. We conclude that the evidence available at present is too patchy to derive country-wide policy implications to the extent necessary to comprehensively conduct the evaluations required by the Directive.

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Country-level determinants and consequences of overconfidence in the ambitious entrepreneurship segment

International Small Business Journal Researching Entrepreneurship ◽

10.1177/0266242617748201 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 473-499 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jerzy Cieślik ◽

Eugene Kaciak ◽

André van Stel

Keyword(s):

Empirical Support ◽

Development Stage ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽

Country Level ◽

Combining Data ◽

Global Entrepreneurship ◽

Almost All ◽

The Cost ◽

The Eu

Countries vary widely and systematically in the extent to which the ambitions of their entrepreneurs differ from their realisations. We label this discrepancy entrepreneurial overconfidence (EOC). Although a certain level of EOC may be beneficial for an economy, we provide empirical support for the argument that if entrepreneurial ambitions substantially and systematically exceed realisations, this may be at the cost of economic and societal prosperity. Therefore, we need to know more about country levels of EOC and their determinants, particularly with respect to the growth-oriented segment of entrepreneurship. Combining data on entrepreneurial ambitions from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and data on realisations from Eurostat, we construct a measure of EOC at the country level and correlate its variation across 23 European Union (EU) countries over the period 2004–2015 with a set of economic and cultural factors. Among other findings, our results show that ambitions exceed realisations in almost all countries, but that this discrepancy is significantly greater for new member countries entering the EU since 2004. Policy implications of our results are discussed, particularly for promoting ambitious entrepreneurship in countries at the intermediate development stage.

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China-European Union Trade and Global Warming

Sustainable Policy Applications for Social Ecology and Development ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-1586-1.ch003 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 18-28

Author(s):

Yang Laike ◽

Liao Chun

Keyword(s):

Co2 Emissions ◽

Trade Deficit ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Environmental Implications ◽

Co2 Emission Reduction ◽

The World ◽

Trade Partner ◽

Geographic Separation ◽

Environmental Burdens ◽

The Eu

The globalization of trade has numerous environmental implications. Trade results from a geographic separation of consumption and production. This creates a mechanism for consumers to shift environmental pollution to other countries. China is now the world third biggest trader and the second biggest trade partner of EU. China has also overtaken the U.S. as the world biggest CO2 emitter since 2005. As China’s biggest trade partner, EU has a large trade deficit with China, but on the other hand, CO2 emissions embodied in Sino-EU trade are much more unbalanced than the trade imbalance itself. EU avoided a huge amount of CO2 emissions through trading with China. This lowers CO2 emissions in the EU and facilitates EU meeting its CO2 emission reduction targets, but it creates additional environmental burdens for China. In this paper, the dual imbalances between China and the EU, its mechanism, and policy implications will be presented.

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Science and Technology Policy Research in the EU: From Framework Programme to HORIZON 2020

Social Sciences ◽

10.3390/socsci8050153 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 153 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Junic Kim ◽

Jaewook Yoo

Keyword(s):

Technology Policy ◽

Science And Technology ◽

Policy Research ◽

Science And Technology Policy ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Future Research ◽

Framework Programme ◽

The European Union ◽

Horizon 2020 ◽

The Eu

Science and Technology policy is regarded as an essential factor for future growth in the EU, and Horizon 2020 is the world’s most extensive research and innovation programme created by the European Union to support and encourage research in the European Research Area (ERA). The purpose of this study is to analyse and evaluate the changes to the EU’s science and technology policies from Framework Programme to Horizon 2020 and to provide vital information to research organisations and academia to conceive and conduct future research on international cooperation with the EU. Through a policy analysis, this study summarised the four science and technology policy implications: (1) building ecosystems through mutual complementation among industries, (2) solving social problems through science and technology, (3) strengthening SMEs’ participation, and (4) sharing knowledge and strengthening collaboration with non-EU countries.

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Anthropocene Geopolitics and Foreign Policy: Exploring the Link in the EU Case

Alternatives Global Local Political ◽

10.1177/0304375420931706 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 83-101

Author(s):

Filippos Proedrou

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Foreign Policy ◽

Policy Design ◽

Theoretical Background ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Security Threats ◽

Eu Foreign Policy ◽

Change Concerns ◽

Different Levels ◽

The Eu

Scholarly literature has recently developed the notions of Anthropocene geopolitics and planetary security. How these relate to and whether they inform states’ foreign policy, however, remains a largely underdeveloped issue. This article goes some way toward addressing this gap both theoretically and empirically. Theoretically, it unpacks how traditional and Anthropocene geopolitics diverge in their approach toward the security repercussions of climate change and teases out the emanating foreign policy implications. These revolve around different levels of climate ambition, divergent approaches to fossil energy geopolitics, and differing weighting of planetary security versus mainstream geopolitical threats. Against this theoretical background, this article empirically zooms in on the EU case to explore which geopolitical mindset guides EU’s pursuit of climate change concerns and their incorporation in the EU foreign policy design. The analysis finds that, despite its comprehensive foreign climate policy initiatives, the EU remains fixed to a traditional geopolitical mindset and a foreign policy that underappreciates planetary security threats. This article subsequently operationalizes a foreign policy design informed by the Anthropocene geopolitics approach and sketches what it would entail.

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