Applying Fire Simulation to BIM Modeling with API Programming for Evacuation Time Calculation

Introduction. In 2015-2020, the number of inclusive groups in preschools and classes in secondary schools of Ukraine increased almost 7 times. For our country, inclusive education is an innovative phenomenon, so its implementation raises many problems. One of the most significant problems is low level of fire safety measures. Сhild death from fires in Ukraine exceeds the European Union numbers by more than 4 times. As children with special needs are more vulnerable during fires, research on fire safety in inclusive groups is an urgent task.The purpose of the article is to identify problematic issues of calculating the time of evacuation in case of fires in educational institutions with inclusive groups based on statistical data, regulatory framework, and modern scientific developments analysis.The current regulations governing the organization of inclusive education in preschool and secondary school have been analyzed. Building codes that set the requirements for inclusive buildings and structures have been analyzed. Standards and methods for calculating the evacuation time from buildings have been also considered. The comparative analysis of the possibilities of the modern application software intended for evacuation time calculation has been carried out. According to the analysis, the main problematic issues have been identified.Conclusion. Currently, some necessary data about children with special needs are not available. That fact doesn't allow calculating with exact accuracy the evacuation time in case of fire in educational institutions with inclusive groups. A comparative analysis of the calculations made with the help of applied computer programs shows that in most of them there is no possibility to take into account the presence of children with special needs on the premises. In some software products, where such a possibility is provided, the movement parameters of children with special needs do not differ from the movement parameters of adults with disabilities. Therefore, determining the values of the horizontal projection area of children with different special needs, as well as the study of their speeds and the influence of their presence on the intensity of the general movements is an urgent technical and scientific task that requires further experimental and theoretical research.

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Analysis of the Impact of Decreasing the Width of Direct Stairs in Apartments on RSET for All Occupants in Korea

Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) ◽

10.17762/turcomat.v12i5.968 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 375-381

Author(s):

Sang Im Lee, Ha-Sung Kong

Keyword(s):

Fire Safety ◽

Fire Simulation ◽

Start Time ◽

Evacuation Time ◽

Toxic Gases ◽

The Impact ◽

Spread Speed

This study analyzed the RSETs for 11-story or less apartments where the building-related laws were not retroactively applied, with consideration of the decrease of direct stairs width due to obstacles piled up on the direct stairs. The RSET was shown to be 631.8 seconds when the width of the direct stairs was 1,260mm. The evacuation time exceeded 5 minutes even when there were no obstacles due to the delayed evacuation start time. The risk increased when the width of the direct stairs was decreased to 960mm, 760mm, and 560mm because of obstacles, and the RSETs were 768.8 seconds, 803.3 seconds, and 834.4 seconds respectively. There are various ways to eliminate the occurrence of obstacles on direct stairs which increase RSET : First, it is necessary to remove the exception that permits the placement of obstacles on the stairs. Second, penalties for the placement of obstacles on the direct stairs should be enforced as written. Third, the fire safety managers need the authority to act on behalf of the fire officials. Lastly, it is necessary to encourage residents to report instances of obstacle accumulation. Henceforth, more research is needed on the spread speed of smoke and toxic gases depending on whether fire doors are installed through fire simulation.

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Pedestrian Evacuation Time Calculation against Tsunami Hazard for Southern Coasts of Bodrum Peninsula

10.21203/rs.3.rs-631820/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Büşra Çelikbaş ◽

Duygu Tufekci-Enginar ◽

Gozde Guney Dogan ◽

Cagil Kolat ◽

Marzia Santini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eastern Mediterranean ◽

Disaster Mitigation ◽

Western Coast ◽

Worst Case ◽

Evacuation Time ◽

Tsunami Waves ◽

Pedestrian Evacuation ◽

Cost Distance ◽

Land Use Types ◽

Time Calculation

Abstract Historical records with recent events reveal that tsunamis are threatening the western coast of Turkey due to intensely active seismicity of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. The most recent tsunami events in the region (30 October 2020 Izmir-Samos and 20 July 2017 Bodrum-Kos) restated that the cities located near the Eastern Mediterranean and connected seas should consider tsunami events in their disaster mitigation plans. Bodrum is one of the most critical coastal districts, vulnerable to marine hazards with popular hotels, numerous coastal facilities, long and famous beaches, cultural, historical and touristic places. Tsunami evacuation planning is required for Bodrum district to mitigate the damage caused by destructive tsunami waves inundating on land. In this study, the geospatial distribution of pedestrian evacuation time is calculated based on selected credible worst-case scenarios. A widely used anisotropic least-cost-distance (LCD) model is applied via the Pedestrian Evacuation Analyst Tool (PEAT) to calculate the required time for a pedestrian to evacuate the region under tsunami threat based on the selected scenarios. The model includes landscape properties that affect the walking pace of pedestrians during an evacuation, such as elevation, slope, land cover, and land use types (beach, road, bushes, water bodies, any barriers). The resultant pedestrian evacuation time maps show that the maximum time needed for a pedestrian is 8, 6, 5, 4, 3 minutes for highly populated coastal settlements of Bodrum, which are Central Bodrum, Yahsi, Akyarlar-Karaincir-Aspat Bays, Bitez, and Gumbet Bays, respectively.

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Comparison of calculation and simulation of evacuation in real buildings

Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering ◽

10.1515/sspjce-2018-0010 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (s1) ◽

pp. 107-114

Author(s):

Martin Szénay ◽

Martin Lopušniak

Keyword(s):

Simulation Software ◽

Calculation Methods ◽

Evacuation Time ◽

Time Calculation ◽

The Difference

Abstract Each building must meet requirements for safe evacuation in order to prevent casualties. Therefore methods for evaluation of evacuation are used when designing buildings. In the paper, calculation methods were tested on three real buildings. The testing used methods of evacuation time calculation pursuant to Slovak standards and evacuation time calculation using the buildingExodus simulation software. If calculation methods have been suitably selected taking into account the nature of evacuation and at the same time if correct values of parameters were entered, we will be able to obtain almost identical times of evacuation in comparison with real results obtained from simulation. The difference can range from 1% to 27%.

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A Study on the Securing of Evacuation Stability of Complicated Accommodation Called Go-Si Won

Fire science and engineering ◽

10.7731/kifse.9ced3ff7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 120-129

Author(s):

Joo-Wan Seo ◽

Seung-Chul Lee

Keyword(s):

Building Structure ◽

Commercial Building ◽

Fire Simulation ◽

Smoke Control ◽

Evacuation Time ◽

Sprinkler Systems ◽

Emergency Exit ◽

Evacuation Safety ◽

Fire Characteristics

This study investigates the process of securing the evacuation safety of the residents of Go-Si Won, which is known as the most dangerous commercial building structure. Thus, it aims to analyze the fire characteristics of the ignition room regarding effective fire escape means. To achieve the research objective, the fire simulation was conducted and analyzed under various conditions at the honeycomb-shaped Go-Si Won. Consequently, the simulation showed an increase in escape permit duration, which was 32 to 36 s longer when operating the smoke control and sprinkler systems than opening smoke windows. The evacuation time shortens as emergency exit stairs are added. The fire facilities are difficult to operate and maintain because of malfunction caused by the building’s deterioration. To enhance the evacuation safety of the honeycomb-shaped Go-Si Won, institutional improvements are needed to strengthen the issuance criteria for facility safety completion certificates, depending on the number of implemented evacuation steps.

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