scholarly journals A Study on the Securing of Evacuation Stability of Complicated Accommodation Called Go-Si Won

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 120-129
Author(s):  
Joo-Wan Seo ◽  
Seung-Chul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Building Structure ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Fire Simulation ◽  
Smoke Control ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Sprinkler Systems ◽  
Emergency Exit ◽  
Evacuation Safety ◽  
Fire Characteristics

This study investigates the process of securing the evacuation safety of the residents of Go-Si Won, which is known as the most dangerous commercial building structure. Thus, it aims to analyze the fire characteristics of the ignition room regarding effective fire escape means. To achieve the research objective, the fire simulation was conducted and analyzed under various conditions at the honeycomb-shaped Go-Si Won. Consequently, the simulation showed an increase in escape permit duration, which was 32 to 36 s longer when operating the smoke control and sprinkler systems than opening smoke windows. The evacuation time shortens as emergency exit stairs are added. The fire facilities are difficult to operate and maintain because of malfunction caused by the building’s deterioration. To enhance the evacuation safety of the honeycomb-shaped Go-Si Won, institutional improvements are needed to strengthen the issuance criteria for facility safety completion certificates, depending on the number of implemented evacuation steps.

Experimental Study of an Airplane Accident Evacuation/Rescue Simulation Using 3D Kinematic Digital Human Models

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Kakizaki ◽  
Jiro Urii ◽  
Mitsuru Endo
Keyword(s):  
Test Field ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Digital Human Models ◽  
Emergency Exit ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Evacuation Drills ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
Mass Evacuation ◽  
Digital Human

The 3D mass evacuation simulation of an airplane accident is experimentally verified. Evacuee motion has been experimentally investigated by building a test field that emulates the interior of an actual regional airliner with a capacity of approximately 100 passengers. The experiment results indicate that the evacuation time tends to be affected by the number of passengers and the evacuee guidance at the emergency exit. The results also indicate that any evacuation delay in exiting by individual passengers only slightly affects the total evacuation time because of evacuee congestion in the aisles. Moreover, the importance of evacuation guidance notification was investigated based on the evacuation-order variance. Finally, the experimental results were compared to the corresponding simulation results. Simulations using appropriate evacuee walking speeds can provide valid evacuation times, which are the most important factor in designing evacuation drills. Consequently, these results should be applied to existing 3D simulations using precise KDH models for more accurate mass evacuation/rescue simulations.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Impact of Decreasing the Width of Direct Stairs in Apartments on RSET for All Occupants in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-381
Author(s):  
Sang Im Lee, Ha-Sung Kong
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Fire Simulation ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Toxic Gases ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spread Speed

This study analyzed the RSETs for 11-story or less apartments where the building-related laws were not retroactively applied, with consideration of the decrease of direct stairs width due to obstacles piled up on the direct stairs. The RSET was shown to be 631.8 seconds when the width of the direct stairs was 1,260mm. The evacuation time exceeded 5 minutes even when there were no obstacles due to the delayed evacuation start time. The risk increased when the width of the direct stairs was decreased to 960mm, 760mm, and 560mm because of obstacles, and the RSETs were 768.8 seconds, 803.3 seconds, and 834.4 seconds respectively. There are various ways to eliminate the occurrence of obstacles on direct stairs which increase RSET : First, it is necessary to remove the exception that permits the placement of obstacles on the stairs. Second, penalties for the placement of obstacles on the direct stairs should be enforced as written. Third, the fire safety managers need the authority to act on behalf of the fire officials. Lastly, it is necessary to encourage residents to report instances of obstacle accumulation. Henceforth, more research is needed on the spread speed of smoke and toxic gases depending on whether fire doors are installed through fire simulation.

scholarly journals Evacuation Safety Evaluation in the Event of a Fire in a Shopping Center with a Connected Passageway in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-339
Author(s):  
Seo-Young Kim, Ha-Sung Kong
Keyword(s):  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Shopping Center ◽  
Shopping Centers ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
The Third ◽  
Evacuation Safety ◽  
Evacuation Route

In this study, scenarios were developed to evaluate evacuation safety in the event of a fire in a shopping center with a connected passageway and to reduce Required Safe Egress Time (RSET). The RSET for all occupants by scenario is as follows: The first scenario which used the general evacuation route took 20 minutes and 7 seconds. The second scenario which used the third floor’s connected passageway for third and fourth floor, and using first floor entrance for first and second floor to evacuate took 14 minutes and 11 seconds. The evacuation time was 36 minutes and 52 seconds for scenario 3, which only used the fire escape stairs. The fourth scenario took 4 minutes and 19 seconds and used a connected passageway on every floor. Overall, this study shows that RSET for all occupants is reduced when a connected passageway is installed on every floor in shopping centers. Henceforth, more research is needed to determine whether connected passageway is a single firefighting object or a separate structure.

Comparison of Combustion Models in Cleanroom Fire

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-L. Huang ◽  
H.-R. Shiu ◽  
S.-H. Chang ◽  
W.-F. Wu ◽  
S.-L. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Combustion ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Fire Simulation ◽  
Smoke Control ◽  
Radiation Model ◽  
Combustion Models ◽  
Radiation Heat Exchange ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Combustion Processes

AbstractIn this paper, the cleanroom fire simulation in a semi-conductor factory is investigated by using the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. We using three different combustion models in the fire simulation. The combustion models including the volume heat source (VHS) model, the eddy break-up (EBU) model and the presumed probability density function (prePDF) model are considered to predict the cleanroom fire. The turbulence models coupled with different combustion models, while the radiation model is coupled with the turbulent combustion processes. Additionally, the discrete transfer radiation method (DTRM) is used in the global radiation heat exchange. For the fire simulation, the different combustion models are evaluated for their performance and compared with the experimental data from the literature to verify. Thus, these numerical simulations can be adopted as a useful tool to design and optimize the smoke control strategy in cleanroom fire.

Adequacy of Safe Egress Design Codes for Supertall Buildings

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-580
Author(s):  
Edgar C. L. Pang ◽  
◽  
Wan-Ki Chow
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Normal Heights ◽  
Evacuation Routes

Emergency evacuation for supertall buildings with heights over 200 m require a very long time for occupants to travel down the buildings. Occupants might jam into protected lobbies and staircases, extending the waiting time. There is not yet any code requirement specifically for emergency evacuation in supertall buildings, which are criticized for using the same codes for buildings with normal heights. Further, the evacuation design for several existing supertall buildings does not even follow prescriptive fire-safety codes. The underlying problems have not yet been addressed by thorough studies. Evacuation in such tall buildings in Hong Kong will be studied in this paper. The assumptions made in the local prescriptive codes for safe egress will be justified. Three buildings with evacuation design complying with the local codes are considered as examples. A commercial building, a hotel, and a residential block in Hong Kong are taken as examples. The key design parameters in the local codes are for 40 people evacuating with a flow rate of 1.1 person/s through the staircase between typical floors. The evacuation time from each floor to the protected lobby is assumed to be within 5 min. The evacuation times in different scenarios with these assumptions are calculated. Such assumptions do not hold under a high occupant load. The total evacuation time would be extended significantly when the travelling flows of occupants are blocked in any of the evacuation routes. Different fire-safety management schemes with staged evacuation, such as assigning higher priorities to evacuate lower or upper floors first, are evaluated. The results observed for safe egress are then discussed.

Experimental Study of an Airplane Accident Evacuation/Rescue Simulation Using Three-Dimensional Kinematic Digital Human Models

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Kakizaki ◽  
Mitsuru Endo ◽  
Jiro Urii
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Evacuation Simulation ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Digital Human Models ◽  
Emergency Exit ◽  
Evacuation Drills ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
Mass Evacuation ◽  
Digital Human

The 3D mass evacuation simulation of an airplane accident is experimentally verified. Evacuee motion has been experimentally investigated by building a test field that emulates the interior of an actual regional airliner with a capacity of approximately 100 passengers. The experiment results indicate that the evacuation time tends to be affected by the number of passengers and the evacuee guidance at the emergency exit. The results also indicate that any evacuation delay in exiting by individual passengers only slightly affects the total evacuation time because of evacuee congestion in the aisles. Moreover, the importance of evacuation guidance notification was investigated based on the evacuation-order variance. Finally, the experimental results were compared to the corresponding simulation results. Simulations using appropriate evacuee walking speeds can provide valid evacuation times, which are the most important factor in designing evacuation drills. Consequently, these results should be applied to existing 3D simulations using precise kinematic digital human (KDH) models for more accurate mass evacuation/rescue simulations.

scholarly journals Numerical simulation on the characteristics of smoke exhaust effect with different sets of smoke vent in deep buried inclined channel fire

2021 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 02050
Author(s):  
Lu Yuhan ◽  
Weng Miao cheng ◽  
Liu Fang
Keyword(s):  
Control Effect ◽  
Smoke Control ◽  
Metro Station ◽  
Thermal Buoyancy ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Fire Source ◽  
Smoke Spread ◽  
Fire Smoke ◽  
Fire Characteristics ◽  
Better Than

Deep buried metro stations require longer and more inclined exit passages to connect with the outside. The fire characteristics of these inclined and narrow passages are significantly different from those of above-ground or shallow buried metro station exit passages, and at the same time fires in those inclined channels have a greater risk. This paper takes a channel of deep buried tunnel station in Chongqing as an example and simplifies the actual passage to establish a 3D model to study the smoke spread characteristics along the passage with different smoke vent characteristics including shape and location by FDS, as well as temperature distribution characteristic under different working conditions. The results show that: after a fire, smoke will spread upwards rapidly under the action of thermal buoyancy, and mechanical smoke exhaust plays a certain role in controlling smoke, which is more obvious at the beginning of the fire; there are differences in the smoke exhaust efficiency of different smoke extraction openings shape, but the differences are small, and square smoke vents have a slightly better effect on smoke control than other shapes of smoke vents; changing the location of smoke outlets has a greater impact on the environment in the tunnel. When the smoke vent is located directly above the fire source, the mechanical smoke control effect is significantly better than other positions, and as the distance between smoke vent and fire source increases, the average temperature along the passage increases. At the same time, because of the pressure difference after the fire, the emergency staircase and the upstream of the fire source are basically unaffected by smoke.

scholarly journals Application Plan of Exhaust Systems in Strengthening Evacuation Safety in Apartment Houses

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Hyun-Sang Lee ◽  
Myung-Oh Yoon ◽  
Young-Ju Lee ◽  
Jeong-Joon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Fire Simulation ◽  
Apartment Buildings ◽  
Evacuation Safety ◽  
Exhaust Systems

Apartment buildings are becoming taller and more densely populated with the advancements in science and the development of cities, Consequently, various amenities and safety facilities are being developed to improve the quality of life for residents. However, according to statistics, the number of casualties in apartments accounts for a high proportion of accidents, and the leading cause of the casualties is smoke emitted from fires while sleeping at night. Although it is best to install separate indoor facilities in apartments to minimize smoke damages to occupants, it is useful to minimize the smoke damages by utilizing the installed facilities while reducing the financial burden of occupants. Based on the review, the heat exchanger ventilation system and the kitchen collective exhaust system were selected, and the feasibility of these systems was verified through fire simulation . From the verification results, the available safe egress time improved by 27, 30, and 35 s on the 25th, 35th, 50th floors, respectively.

scholarly journals Influence of Evacuation Walkway Design Parameters on Passenger Evacuation Time along Elevated Rail Transit Lines Using a Multi-Agent Simulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 6049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zihua Pan ◽  
Qingchao Wei ◽  
Olav Torp ◽  
Albert Lau
Keyword(s):  
Safety Management ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Risk Zone ◽  
Agent Simulation ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Time Fluctuation ◽  
Evacuation Safety

Passenger evacuation on elevated railway lines has always been an important issue for elevated rail transit safety management, because it is challenging to evacuate passengers efficiently in the event of man-made calamities and natural disasters. Therefore, an evacuation walkway has been designed as a primary solution to assist passenger evacuation during an emergency on elevated rail transit lines. However, investigations on how evacuation walkway designs influence passenger evacuation time are still limited. This study established two evacuation scenarios of interval evacuation on elevated rail transit lines and put forward a new evacuation time measurement method, based on the concept of ‘evacuation time for passengers leaving the evacuation walkway risk zone’. Then, the evacuation time for 90 combinations of entrance widths and walkway widths was simulated by a multi-agent evacuation simulator, Pathfinder, considering 1032 passengers being evacuated both unidirectionally and bidirectionally. The results show that the entrance width and walkway width have a combined effect on passenger evacuation time. An increase in the walkway width from 0.7 m to 1.5 m may potentially reduce the evacuation time by 54.5% in unidirectional evacuation, and 35.2% in bidirectional evacuation. An increase in the entrance width results in a noticeable evacuation time fluctuation when the walkway width is 0.7 and 0.8 m for both evacuation scenarios, while in a bidirectional evacuation, a noticeable fluctuation also can be observed when the walkway width is within the range of 1.4–1.5 m. According to the study, a potentially good design parameter combination for a newly built evacuation walkway is 1.3 m and 1.4 m for the walkway width and entrance width, respectively. The findings from this study may provide a useful reference in the optimization of the design of evacuation facilities and improvement of passenger evacuation safety in rail transit systems.

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