Development of an Evacuation Time Calculation Program for Passenger Ships Based on IMO Guidelines, MSC.1/Circ.1238

Introduction. In 2015-2020, the number of inclusive groups in preschools and classes in secondary schools of Ukraine increased almost 7 times. For our country, inclusive education is an innovative phenomenon, so its implementation raises many problems. One of the most significant problems is low level of fire safety measures. Сhild death from fires in Ukraine exceeds the European Union numbers by more than 4 times. As children with special needs are more vulnerable during fires, research on fire safety in inclusive groups is an urgent task.The purpose of the article is to identify problematic issues of calculating the time of evacuation in case of fires in educational institutions with inclusive groups based on statistical data, regulatory framework, and modern scientific developments analysis.The current regulations governing the organization of inclusive education in preschool and secondary school have been analyzed. Building codes that set the requirements for inclusive buildings and structures have been analyzed. Standards and methods for calculating the evacuation time from buildings have been also considered. The comparative analysis of the possibilities of the modern application software intended for evacuation time calculation has been carried out. According to the analysis, the main problematic issues have been identified.Conclusion. Currently, some necessary data about children with special needs are not available. That fact doesn't allow calculating with exact accuracy the evacuation time in case of fire in educational institutions with inclusive groups. A comparative analysis of the calculations made with the help of applied computer programs shows that in most of them there is no possibility to take into account the presence of children with special needs on the premises. In some software products, where such a possibility is provided, the movement parameters of children with special needs do not differ from the movement parameters of adults with disabilities. Therefore, determining the values of the horizontal projection area of children with different special needs, as well as the study of their speeds and the influence of their presence on the intensity of the general movements is an urgent technical and scientific task that requires further experimental and theoretical research.

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PASSENGER RESPONSE TIME DATA- SETS FOR LARGE PASSENGER FERRIES AND CRUISE SHIPS DERIVED FROM SEA TRIALS

The International Journal of Maritime Engineering ◽

10.5750/ijme.v155ia2.899 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 155 (A2) ◽

Author(s):

R Brown ◽

E R Galea ◽

S Deere ◽

L Filippidis

Keyword(s):

Response Time ◽

Research Group ◽

Data Sets ◽

Time Data ◽

Evacuation Time ◽

The Public ◽

Cruise Ships ◽

Passenger Ships ◽

Unique Nature ◽

The Subject

The paper consists of 27 figures; numerous equations and 12 notes/ references, many of which are written by the authors of this paper. Whilst this may indicate a lack of “reading around the subject” it also indicates the unique nature of the topic and that little exists at present in the public domain about this topic. Indeed the authors and the research group they represent are the main contributors to the IMOs discussions and circulars on this subject. Given that background the paper is very detailed and consists of comparisons between the evacuation times of 3 passenger ships, 2 being Ro-Pax vessels and 1 a cruise liner. On board evacuation time statistics have been gathered from significant populations enabling the authors to draw significant conclusions relating to evacuation times in the presented scenarios. The paper is therefore a useful addition to the debates on this subject which is of major relevance to the understanding of evacuation times in passenger vessels. Data and research in this area is difficult to obtain thus the authors should be congratulated for their work.

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Applying Fire Simulation to BIM Modeling with API Programming for Evacuation Time Calculation

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering - ICACE 2019 ◽

10.1007/978-981-15-1193-6_20 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 175-184

Author(s):

Te-Wei Fan

Keyword(s):

Fire Simulation ◽

Evacuation Time ◽

Time Calculation

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The design of the arrangement of evacuation routes on a passenger ship using the method of genetic algorithms

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0255993 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. e0255993

Author(s):

Dorota Łozowicka

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithm ◽

Genetic Algorithms ◽

Original Method ◽

Evacuation Time ◽

Passenger Ship ◽

Passenger Ships ◽

Genetic Algorithm Method ◽

Evacuation Routes

The article concerns the problem of evacuation from passenger ships. It is important because it has not yet been possible to eliminate all the hazards associated with sea travel. In this paper, a concept of a method allowing to determine the arrangement of evacuation routes, for which evacuation time would be minimal, was presented. The genetic algorithm method was used in the calculations, and an original method of coding the considered problem was proposed. Sample calculations were performed to verify the correctness of the proposed algorithm. The results of applying the developed method to calculate the evacuation time on a real passenger ship are presented.

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Pedestrian Evacuation Time Calculation against Tsunami Hazard for Southern Coasts of Bodrum Peninsula

10.21203/rs.3.rs-631820/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Büşra Çelikbaş ◽

Duygu Tufekci-Enginar ◽

Gozde Guney Dogan ◽

Cagil Kolat ◽

Marzia Santini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eastern Mediterranean ◽

Disaster Mitigation ◽

Western Coast ◽

Worst Case ◽

Evacuation Time ◽

Tsunami Waves ◽

Pedestrian Evacuation ◽

Cost Distance ◽

Land Use Types ◽

Time Calculation

Abstract Historical records with recent events reveal that tsunamis are threatening the western coast of Turkey due to intensely active seismicity of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. The most recent tsunami events in the region (30 October 2020 Izmir-Samos and 20 July 2017 Bodrum-Kos) restated that the cities located near the Eastern Mediterranean and connected seas should consider tsunami events in their disaster mitigation plans. Bodrum is one of the most critical coastal districts, vulnerable to marine hazards with popular hotels, numerous coastal facilities, long and famous beaches, cultural, historical and touristic places. Tsunami evacuation planning is required for Bodrum district to mitigate the damage caused by destructive tsunami waves inundating on land. In this study, the geospatial distribution of pedestrian evacuation time is calculated based on selected credible worst-case scenarios. A widely used anisotropic least-cost-distance (LCD) model is applied via the Pedestrian Evacuation Analyst Tool (PEAT) to calculate the required time for a pedestrian to evacuate the region under tsunami threat based on the selected scenarios. The model includes landscape properties that affect the walking pace of pedestrians during an evacuation, such as elevation, slope, land cover, and land use types (beach, road, bushes, water bodies, any barriers). The resultant pedestrian evacuation time maps show that the maximum time needed for a pedestrian is 8, 6, 5, 4, 3 minutes for highly populated coastal settlements of Bodrum, which are Central Bodrum, Yahsi, Akyarlar-Karaincir-Aspat Bays, Bitez, and Gumbet Bays, respectively.

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Modelling Route Choice in Crowd Evacuation on Passenger Ships

The International Journal of Maritime Engineering ◽

10.5750/ijme.v163ia2.754 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 163 (A2) ◽

Author(s):

Y Li ◽

W Cai ◽

A A Kana ◽

B Atasoy

Keyword(s):

Simulation Model ◽

Route Choice ◽

Heat Map ◽

Evacuation Time ◽

Agent Based ◽

Crowd Density ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Passenger Ships ◽

Crowd Evacuation ◽

Evacuation Safety

This paper proposes an agent-based simulation model with route choice process to predict the crowd behaviours and evaluate the evacuation safety on passenger ships. The model focuses on the behaviours of two common types of passengers that are not typically accounted for during most evacuation analyses, namely, passengers who are not familiar with the ship layout and passengers who have family members or friends with them. In the proposed model, a marker concept is introduced to represent critical routing points of the layout and passenger agents make a route choice based on their surroundings and characteristics instead of just following the shortest routes. The simulation model is tested by two small but targeted scenarios and one comprehensive scenario on a ship deck. For ship designers, a more realistic evacuation time is provided to better assess the evacuation performance of a ship, and a heat map of crowd density is presented to identify possible bottleneck areas.

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Comparison of calculation and simulation of evacuation in real buildings

Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering ◽

10.1515/sspjce-2018-0010 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (s1) ◽

pp. 107-114

Author(s):

Martin Szénay ◽

Martin Lopušniak

Keyword(s):

Simulation Software ◽

Calculation Methods ◽

Evacuation Time ◽

Time Calculation ◽

The Difference

Abstract Each building must meet requirements for safe evacuation in order to prevent casualties. Therefore methods for evaluation of evacuation are used when designing buildings. In the paper, calculation methods were tested on three real buildings. The testing used methods of evacuation time calculation pursuant to Slovak standards and evacuation time calculation using the buildingExodus simulation software. If calculation methods have been suitably selected taking into account the nature of evacuation and at the same time if correct values of parameters were entered, we will be able to obtain almost identical times of evacuation in comparison with real results obtained from simulation. The difference can range from 1% to 27%.

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