Water Stress and Water Crisis in Large Cities of India

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
Priyanka Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Crisis ◽  
Large Cities

scholarly journals Would Private Sector be Inclined to Take up Initiatives to Address Water Crisis in India?

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
Purba H Rao ◽  
Sharad K Jain ◽  
Alan Millin
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Organizational Capacity ◽  
Voluntary Participation ◽  
Water Crisis ◽  
Executive Summary ◽  
To Come

Executive Summary In the years to come, India will be highly vulnerable to the impacts of rising sea level, floods and droughts, water pollution, and the associated health hazards. In addition to the severe effect of water-related concerns on health and heat stress, water scarcity problems would also impact generation of electricity, both in hydel and thermal power sectors, industrial production, which often requires large volumes of water, and irrigation, which again is highly water-based. To address such severe concerns in the realm of unavailability of water in desired quantity and quality, many industry initiatives have been implemented. However, the challenge is huge and full industry participation in this endeavour is still awaited in India. Private sector participation would be a relevant and much-needed initiative to the cause of water management in the country. However, the inclination of private sector in taking up such initiatives has not been ascertained yet. Therefore, an empirical academic research was undertaken to determine (a) if there is an awareness in private sector in India with regard to existence and impacts of water crisis and (b) if such awareness would lead to voluntary participation on the part of private sector. A research instrument in the form of survey questionnaire was administered on a population of practising managers across the country. Thereafter, structural equation modelling was carried out to analyse the data, thus, obtained. The research concludes that there is significant awareness that (a) water crisis does exist in India, (b) there is a possibility of spread of disease due to water stress, and that (c) private sector could help in recycling, treatment of wastewater, and conservation initiatives. Further, the research also shows a significant link between awareness about disease impacts due to water stress and propensity to support individual initiatives. The awareness that private sector could help in recycling and treatment of wastewater and in conservation initiatives would lead to voluntary participation of private sector both in the organizational capacity as well as in managers taking up individual initiatives.

scholarly journals WATER CONSERVATION: A GLOBAL NEED

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 138-141
Author(s):  
A. Verma ◽  
P Shrivastava ◽  
S B Nahatkar
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Water Crisis ◽  
Global Community ◽  
Common Features ◽  
The World ◽  
Ancient Times

Water is the lifeline of any nation’s richness and development. We should conserve water for future generations as it can be big trouble for the country. Since ancient times, the region of high prosperity for water resources was considered a subcontinent, but today like other countries of the world, India's water crisis problem, is vivid. India is the world's largest groundwater extractor, pumping about twenty-five percent of the world's groundwater use annually. Five of the world's 20 largest cities in water stress are in India, with Delhi in second place. India has 16% of the world's population and only 4% of the world's water resources, which are rapidly reducing. Daily struggles for the fetching water, mismanagement of wastewater, improper sanitation are common features affecting human health and the economy of the nation indirectly. The situation calls for widespread intrusion in the management of this rapidly growing problem. The water crisis will not go away on its own. On the contrary, it will deteriorate until we respond as a global community and use water responsibly. Therefore, before it is too late, let us all pledge to use water wool as individuals, families, communities, companies, and institutions. Intelligence is not in elegance, but preservation so that our future generations can enjoy the joy and touch of water.

Biscogniauxia (Hypoxylon) Canker or Dieback in Trees

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Paez ◽  
Jason A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Quercus Spp

Biscogniauxia canker or dieback (formerly called Hypoxylon canker or dieback) is a common contributor to poor health and decay in a wide range of tree species (Balbalian & Henn 2014). This disease is caused by several species of fungi in the genus Biscogniauxia (formerly Hypoxylon). B. atropunctata or B. mediterranea are usually the species found on Quercus spp. and other hosts in Florida, affecting trees growing in many different habitats, such as forests, parks, green spaces and urban areas (McBride & Appel, 2009).  Typically, species of Biscogniauxia are opportunistic pathogens that do not affect healthy and vigorous trees; some species are more virulent than others. However, once they infect trees under stress (water stress, root disease, soil compaction, construction damage etc.) they can quickly colonize the host. Once a tree is infected and fruiting structures of the fungus are evident, the tree is not likely to survive especially if the infection is in the tree's trunk (Anderson et al., 1995).

Citrus Irrigation Management

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davie Mayeso Kadyampakeni ◽  
Kelly T. Morgan ◽  
Mongi Zekri ◽  
Rhuanito Ferrarezi ◽  
Arnold Schumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Citrus Production

Water is a limiting factor in Florida citrus production during the majority of the year because of the low water holding capacity of sandy soils resulting from low clay and the non-uniform distribution of the rainfall. In Florida, the major portion of rainfall comes in June through September. However, rainfall is scarce during the dry period from February through May, which coincides with the critical stages of bloom, leaf expansion, fruit set, and fruit enlargement. Irrigation is practiced to provide water when rainfall is not sufficient or timely to meet water needs. Proper irrigation scheduling is the application of water to crops only when needed and only in the amounts needed; that is, determining when to irrigate and how much water to apply. With proper irrigation scheduling, yield will not be limited by water stress. With citrus greening (HLB), irrigation scheduling is becoming more important and critical and growers cannot afford water stress or water excess. Any degree of water stress or imbalance can produce a deleterious change in physiological activity of growth and production of citrus trees.  The number of fruit, fruit size, and tree canopy are reduced and premature fruit drop is increased with water stress.  Extension growth in shoots and roots and leaf expansion are all negatively impacted by water stress. Other benefits of proper irrigation scheduling include reduced loss of nutrients from leaching as a result of excess water applications and reduced pollution of groundwater or surface waters from the leaching of nutrients. Recent studies have shown that for HLB-affected trees, irrigation frequency should increase and irrigation amounts should decrease to minimize water stress from drought stress or water excess, while ensuring optimal water availability in the rootzone at all times.

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