Prediction of Hospital Visits for Respiratory Morbidity Due to Air Pollutants in Lucknow

2021 ◽  
pp. 231-252
Author(s):  
Shubhanshu Tripathi ◽  
Himanshu Sharma ◽  
Tarun Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Hospital Visits

scholarly journals Monthly-Term Associations Between Air Pollutants and Respiratory Morbidity in South Brazil 2013–2016: A Multi-City, Time-Series Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 3787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayana Milena Agudelo-Castañeda ◽  
Elba Calesso Teixeira ◽  
Larissa Alves ◽  
Julián Alfredo Fernández-Niño ◽  
Laura Andrea Rodríguez-Villamizar
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
South Brazil

Most air pollution research conducted in Brazil has focused on assessing the daily-term effects of pollutants, but little is known about the health effects of air pollutants at an intermediate time term. The objective of this study was to determine the monthly-term association between air pollution and respiratory morbidity in five cities in South Brazil. An ecological time-series study was performed using the municipality as the unit of observation in five cities in South Brazil (Gravataí, Triunfo, Esteio, Canoas, and Charqueadas) between 2013 and 2016. Data for hospital admissions was obtained from the records of the Hospital Information Service. Air pollution data, including PM10, SO2, CO, NO2, and O3 (µg/m3) were obtained from the environmental government agency in Rio Grande do Sul State. Panel multivariable Poisson regression models were adjusted for monthly counts of respiratory hospitalizations. An increase of 10 μg/m3 in the monthly average concentration of PM10 was associated with an increase of respiratory hospitalizations in all age groups, with the maximum effect on the population aged between 16 and 59 years (IRR: Incidence rate ratio 2.04 (95% CI: Confidence interval = 1.97–2.12)). For NO2 and SO2, stronger intermediate-term effects were found in children aged between 6 and 15 years, while for O3 higher effects were found in children under 1 year. This is the first multi-city study conducted in South Brazil to account for intermediate-term effects of air pollutants on respiratory health.

scholarly journals Ambient air pollutants and hospital visits for pneumonia: A case-crossover study in Qingdao, China.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianzhong Zhang ◽  
Dunqiang Ren ◽  
Xue Cao ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Xue Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crossover Study ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Cold Period ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
Hospital Visits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Pneumonia is one of the principal reasons for incidence and death in the world. The former research mainly concentrated on specific sources of patients. Besides, due to the heterogeneity among regions, there are inconsistencies in the outcome of these surveys. To explore the relationship between atmospheric pollution and hospital visits for pneumonia under the climate and pollution conditions in Qingdao, we carried out this study.Methods: The medical records of pneumonia patients were gathered from the affiliated hospital of Qingdao University during Jan 1st, 2014, and Dec 31st,2018. Daily concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, as well as CO, were collected from the national air quality monitoring stations in Qingdao. Case-crossover study design and conditional logistic regression model were used to estimate the associations. Daily temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure were adjusted as the covariates in all models. A principal component analysis was used to solve the multicollinearity between atmospheric pollutants and investigate the relationship between various air pollutants and pneumonia occurs.Results: In the single pollutant model, with interquartile range increment of the density of PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NO2 at the lag2 days, the odds ratio of hospital visits for pneumonia patients increased by 6.4% (95%CI, 2.3-10.7%), 7.7% (95%CI, 3.2-12.4%), 6.7% (95%CI, 1.0-12.7%), and 7.2% (95%CI, 1.1-13.5%). Stratified analysis showed that pollutants were more significant in the cold period. Besides, the impact of atmospheric particulates on different ages mainly occurs in the young child (0 to 3-year-old). The odds ratio was 1.042 (95%CI, 1.012-1.072) when the principal components of atmospheric pollutants were included in the conditional logistic model.Conclusions: Our study found a significant relationship between short-term uncovering to PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, and hospital visits for pneumonia in Qingdao. The effect of atmospheric pollutants mainly arose in a cold period. The particulate matter might be the principal reason in inducing hospital visits for pneumonia.

scholarly journals Ambient air pollutants and hospital visits for pneumonia: A case-crossover study in Qingdao, China.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianzhong Zhang ◽  
Dunqiang Ren ◽  
Xue Cao ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Xue Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crossover Study ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Cold Period ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
Hospital Visits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Pneumonia is one of the principal reasons for incidence and death in the world. The former research mainly concentrated on specific sources of patients. Besides, due to the heterogeneity among regions, there are inconsistencies in the outcome of these surveys. To explore the significance of the relationship between atmospheric pollution and hospital visits for pneumonia under the climate and pollution conditions in Qingdao, we carried out this study.Methods: The medical records of pneumonia patients were gathered from the affiliated hospital of Qingdao University during Jan 1st, 2014, and Dec 31st,2018. Daily concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, as well as CO, were collected from the national air quality monitoring stations in Qingdao. A case-crossover study design and conditional logistic regression model were used to estimate the associations. Daily temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure were adjusted as the covariates in all models. A principal component analysis was used to solve the multicollinearity between atmospheric pollutants and investigate the relationship between various air pollutants and pneumonia occurs.Results: In the single pollutant model, with interquartile range increment of the density of PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NO2 at the lag2 days, the odds ratio of hospital visits for pneumonia patients increased by 6.4% (95%CI, 2.3-10.7%), 7.7% (95%CI, 3.2-12.4%), 6.7% (95%CI, 1.0-12.7%), and 7.2% (95%CI, 1.1-13.5%). Stratified analysis showed that pollutants were more significant in the cold period. Besides, the impact of atmospheric particulates on different ages mainly occurs in the young child (0 to 3-year-old). The odds ratio was 1.042 (95%CI, 1.2-7.2%) when the principal components of atmospheric pollutants were included in the conditional logistic model.Conclusion: Our study found a significant relationship between short-term uncovering to PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, and hospital visits for pneumonia in Qingdao. The effect of atmospheric pollutants mainly arose in a cold period. The particulate matter might be the principal reason in inducing hospital visits for pneumonia.

scholarly journals Ambient air pollutants and hospital visits for pneumonia: a case-crossover study in Qingdao, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianzhong Zhang ◽  
Dunqiang Ren ◽  
Xue Cao ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Xue Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crossover Study ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Cold Period ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
Hospital Visits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Pneumonia is one of the principal reasons for incidence and death in the world. The former research mainly concentrated on specific sources of patients. Besides, due to the heterogeneity among regions, there are inconsistencies in the outcome of these surveys. To explore the relationship between atmospheric pollution and hospital visits for pneumonia under the climate and pollution conditions in Qingdao, we carried out this study. Methods The medical records of pneumonia patients were gathered from the affiliated hospital of Qingdao University during Jan 1st, 2014, and Dec 31st,2018. Daily concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, as well as CO, were collected from the national air quality monitoring stations in Qingdao. Case-crossover study design and conditional logistic regression model were used to estimate the associations. Daily temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure were adjusted as the covariates in all models. A principal component analysis was used to solve the multicollinearity between atmospheric pollutants and investigate the relationship between various air pollutants and pneumonia occurs. Results In the single pollutant model, with interquartile range increment of the density of PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and SO2 at the lag2 days, the odds ratio of hospital visits for pneumonia patients increased by 6.4% (95%CI, 2.3–10.7%), 7.7% (95%CI, 3.2–12.4%), 6.7% (95%CI, 1.0–12.7%), and 7.2% (95%CI, 1.1–13.5%). Stratified analysis showed that pollutants were more significant in the cold period. Besides, the impact of atmospheric particulates on different ages mainly occurs in the young child (0 to 3-year-old). The odds ratio was 1.042 (95%CI, 1.012–1.072) when the principal components of atmospheric pollutants were included in the conditional logistic model. Conclusions Our study found a significant relationship between short-term uncovering to PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, and hospital visits for pneumonia in Qingdao. The effect of atmospheric pollutants mainly arose in a cold period. The particulate matter might be the principal reason in inducing hospital visits for pneumonia.

scholarly journals Air Pollutants and Hospital Visits for Pneumonia: A Case-crossover Study in Qingdao, China.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianzhong Zhang ◽  
Dunqiang Ren ◽  
Xue Cao ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Xue Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Cold Period ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
Hospital Visits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Pneumonia is one of the principal reasons for incidence and death in the world. The former research mainly concentrated on specific sources of patients. Besides, due to the heterogeneity among regions, there are inconsistencies in the outcome of these surveys. To explore the significance of the relationship between atmospheric pollution and hospital visits for pneumonia under the climate and pollution conditions in Qingdao, we carried out this study.Methods: The medical records of pneumonia patients were gathered from the affiliated hospital of Qingdao University during Jan 1st, 2014, and Dec 31st,2018. Daily concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, as well as CO, were collected from the national air quality monitoring stations in Qingdao. Case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression were used to calculate these materials. A principal component analysis was used to solve the multicollinearity between atmospheric pollutants and investigate the relationship between various air pollutants and pneumonia occurs.Results: In the single pollutant model, with interquartile range increment of the density of PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NO2 at the lag2 days, the odds ratio of hospital visits for pneumonia patients increased by 6.4% (95%CI, 2.3-10.7%), 7.7% (95%CI, 3.2-12.4%), 6.7% (95%CI, 1.0-12.7%), and 7.2% (95%CI, 1.1-13.5%). Stratified analysis showed that pollutants were more significant in the cold period. Besides, the impact of atmospheric particulates on different ages mainly occurs in the younger child. The odds ratio was 1.042 (95%CI, 1.2-7.2%) when the principal components of atmospheric pollutants were included in the conditional logistic model.Conclusion: Our study found a significant relationship between short-term uncovering to PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, and hospital visits for pneumonia in Qingdao. The effect of atmospheric pollutants mainly arose in a cold period. Particulate matter might the principal reason in inducing hospital visits for pneumonia.

Attributable risks of emergency hospital visits due to air pollutants in China: A multi-city study

2017 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gongbo Chen ◽  
Yongming Zhang ◽  
Wenyi Zhang ◽  
Shanshan Li ◽  
Gail Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Emergency Hospital ◽  
Hospital Visits

scholarly journals Evaluating the U.S. Air Quality Index as a risk communication tool: Comparing associations of index values with respiratory morbidity among adults in California

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242031
Author(s):  
Kevin R. Cromar ◽  
Marya Ghazipura ◽  
Laura A. Gladson ◽  
Lars Perlmutt
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Air Quality Index ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
The Individual

Background The Air Quality Index (AQI) in the United States is widely used to communicate daily air quality information to the public. While use of the AQI has led to reported changes in individual behaviors, such behavior modifications will only mitigate adverse health effects if AQI values are indicative of public health risks. Few studies have assessed the capability of the AQI to accurately predict respiratory morbidity risks. Methods and findings In three major regions of California, Poisson generalized linear models were used to assess seasonal associations between 1,373,165 respiratory emergency department visits and short-term exposure to multiple metrics between 2012–2014, including: daily concentrations of NO2, O3, and PM2.5; the daily reported AQI; and a newly constructed health-based air quality index. AQI values were positively associated (average risk ratio = 1.03, 95% CI 1.02–1.04) during the cooler months of the year (November-February) in all three regions when the AQI was very highly correlated with PM2.5 (R2 ≥ 0.89). During the warm season (March-October) in the San Joaquin Valley region, neither AQI values nor the individual underlying air pollutants were associated with respiratory morbidity. Additionally, AQI values were not positively associated with respiratory morbidity in the Southern California region during the warm season, despite strong associations of the individual underlying air pollutants with respiratory morbidity; in contrast, health-based index values were observed to be significantly associated with respiratory morbidity as part of an applied policy analysis in this region, with a combined risk ratio of 1.02 (95% CI: 1.01–1.03). Conclusions In regions where individual air pollutants are associated with respiratory morbidity, and during seasons with relatively simple air mixtures, the AQI can effectively serve as a risk communication tool for respiratory health risks. However, the predictive ability of the AQI and any other index is contingent upon the monitored values being representative of actual population exposures. Other approaches, such as health-based indices, may be needed in order to effectively communicate health risks of air pollution in regions and seasons with more complex air mixtures.

Some Effects of Oxidant Air Pollutants (Ozone and Peroxyacetyl Nitrate) on the Ultrastructure of Leaf Tissues

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 360-361
Author(s):  
William W. Thomson ◽  
Elizabeth S. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Peroxyacetyl Nitrate ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Physiology And Biochemistry ◽  
Entire Plant ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Gaseous Hydrocarbons ◽  
The Individual

The oxidant air pollutants, ozone and peroxyacetyl nitrate, are produced in the atmosphere through the interaction of light with nitrogen oxides and gaseous hydrocarbons. These oxidants are phytotoxicants and are known to deleteriously affect plant growth, physiology, and biochemistry. In many instances they induce changes which lead to the death of cells, tissues, organs, and frequently the entire plant. The most obvious damage and biochemical changes are generally observed with leaves.Electron microscopic examination of leaves from bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and cotton (Gossipyum hirsutum L.) fumigated for .5 to 2 hours with 0.3 -1 ppm of the individual oxidants revealed that changes in the ultrastructure of the cells occurred in a sequential fashion with time following the fumigation period. Although occasional cells showed severe damage immediately after fumigation, the most obvious change was an enhanced clarity of the cell membranes.

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