scholarly journals Water Erosion and Sediment Transport in an Ungauged Semiarid Area: The Case of Hodna Basin in Algeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 439-454
Author(s):  
Omar Djoukbala ◽  
Mahmoud Hasbaia ◽  
Oussama Benselama ◽  
Boutaghane Hamouda ◽  
Salim Djerbouai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Basin Region ◽  
Flat Zone

AbstractThis study aims to estimate the eroded and transported sediment yields from the The Hodna basin (26,000 km2) situated in central Algeria by two approaches. In the first model, the data of the gauged subbasins are extrapolated to the ungauged areas based on the homogeneity of factors that influence the water erosion-sediment transport process. In this approach, the specific eroded and transported sediment yield in the Hodna basin is estimated to be 425 t/km2/yr. In an alternative approach, the eroded yield is estimated by mapping erosion using the (RUSLE) in a GIS environment. The obtained results show a high eroded sediment yield of approximately 610 t/km2/yr.The observed difference between the results of the two approaches can be explained by the amount of sediment that is eroded but is not transported by runoff.These two methods show high eroded and transported sediment yield values in the Hodna basin region; these high yields may seriously threaten the central flat zone with progressive deposition.

Evaluation of EPIC's snowmelt and water erosion submodels using data from the Peace River region of Alberta

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Puurveen ◽  
R. C. Izaurralde ◽  
D. S. Chanasyk ◽  
J. R. Williams ◽  
R. F. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Runoff Volume ◽  
River Region ◽  
Daily Weather Data ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Runoff And Sediment Yield

Water erosion due to snowmelt is a major form of erosion in boreal regions of the Canadian Prairie. Evaluation of erosion models is an essential step before recommending their use in local or regional assessments of erosion rates and control methods. Using inputs from a runoff study conducted at La Glace, Alberta (55°25'N, 119°10'W) from 1984 to 1986, we evaluated the Erosion-Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) for its ability to simulate runoff and sediment yield from snowmelt events. The model was initialized with soil profile data acquired at the study site and complemented with data from standard soil databases (Albright series; loam, Dark Gray Chernozem). Daily weather data were acquired from the nearest climatological station (annual precipitation = 475 mm). Management data were as reported and included combinations of conventional and reduced tillage, annual and perennial, and fallow cropping. Mean runoff volume measured in 1985 was 57 mm while in 1986 it was 76 mm. EPIC over-predicted runoff volume by 25% in 1985 but under-predicted it by 7% in 1986. The period in which snowmelt occurred (mid-March – beginning of April) was predicted correctly. Under the conditions of this study, with many cropping inputs obtained from different sources, the model was unable to reproduce the reported management effects on runoff and sediment yield. EPIC simulated springmelt soil temperature trends at 9-cm depth, although the predicted temperatures in 1985 were generally underestimated. Our results suggest that the EPIC model calculates adequate values of runoff volumes and sediment yields during snowmelt. Key words: Runoff, sediment yield, soil erosion, crop rotations

scholarly journals Hydrological Modelling of Sediment Yield of Agr0 -Forestry Watershed

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 183-189
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Gauge Station ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Basin Region

For this analysis, the Manot sub-basin region of Upper Narmada Basin located in Madhya Pradesh, India, is designated for estimation of runoff, sediment load, sediment concentration and sediment yield using SWAT. The model was implemented during 1989 and 2008. NBSSLUP soil data, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), slope, Land use Ground cover (LULC) and climate records of temperature and rainfall were used as inputs for the Manot Gauge Station. The forecasted model discharge was estimated statistically and compared the real daily flow data from 1989 to 2008, which corresponds to a major number. The R2 value (coefficient of determination) for discharge, sediment concentration, sediment load and sediment yield values for the period 1989 to 2008 were found to be 0.95, 0.94, 0.96 and 0.96 respectively. RMSE for discharge, sediment concentration and sediment yield were found to be 0.32, 0.27 and 0.17, respectively. The expected sediment load at the Manot Gauge Station for the duration (1989–2008) is 6670918 tons per year and the observed sediment load is 6255565 tons per year. Simulated sediment load and measured sediment load at the Manot Gauge Station are 14.13 tons / year / hectare and 15.02 tons / year / hectare, respectively. Predicted sediment concentrations and measured sediment concentrations at the Manot gauging station were found to be 8.81 ppm and 7.46 ppm, respectively. Similarly, the expected and observed Sediment Yield was 1.513 mm and 1.704 mm respectively.

scholarly journals Evaluation of sediment yield predicting models of Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Manyimadin Kusimi ◽  
Bertha Ansaah Kusimi ◽  
Barnabas A. Amisigo
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Pra River

Fluvial sediment transport data is a very important data for effective water resource management. However, acquiring this data is expensive and tedious hence sediment yield modeling has become an alternative approach in estimating river sediment yields. In Ghana, several sediment yield predicting models have been developed to estimate the sediment yields of ungauged rivers including the Pra River Basin. In this paper, 10 months sediment yield data of the Pra River Basin was used to evaluate the existing sediment yield predicting models of Ghana. A regression analysis between predicted sediment yield data derived from the models and the observed suspended sediment yields of the Pra Basin was done to determine the extent of estimation of observed sediment yields. The prediction of suspended sediment yield was done for 4 out of 5 existing sediment yield predicting models in Ghana. There were variations in sediment yield between observed and predicted suspended sediments. All predicted sediment yields were lower than observed data except for equation 3 where the results were mixed. All models were found to be good estimators of fluvial sediments with the best model being equation 4. Sediment yield tends to increase with drainage basin area. 

scholarly journals Soil erosion by snow gliding – a first quantification attempt in a subalpine area in Switzerland

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 3763-3775 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Meusburger ◽  
G. Leitinger ◽  
L. Mabit ◽  
M. H. Mueller ◽  
A. Walter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Snow Gliding

Abstract. Snow processes might be one important driver of soil erosion in Alpine grasslands and thus the unknown variable when erosion modelling is attempted. The aim of this study is to assess the importance of snow gliding as a soil erosion agent for four different land use/land cover types in a subalpine area in Switzerland. We used three different approaches to estimate soil erosion rates: sediment yield measurements in snow glide depositions, the fallout radionuclide 137Cs and modelling with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). RUSLE permits the evaluation of soil loss by water erosion, the 137Cs method integrates soil loss due to all erosion agents involved, and the measurement of snow glide deposition sediment yield can be directly related to snow-glide-induced erosion. Further, cumulative snow glide distance was measured for the sites in the winter of 2009/2010 and modelled for the surrounding area and long-term average winter precipitation (1959–2010) with the spatial snow glide model (SSGM). Measured snow glide distance confirmed the presence of snow gliding and ranged from 2 to 189 cm, with lower values on the north-facing slopes. We observed a reduction of snow glide distance with increasing surface roughness of the vegetation, which is an important information with respect to conservation planning and expected and ongoing land use changes in the Alps. Snow glide erosion estimated from the snow glide depositions was highly variable with values ranging from 0.03 to 22.9 t ha−1 yr−1 in the winter of 2012/2013. For sites affected by snow glide deposition, a mean erosion rate of 8.4 t ha−1 yr−1 was found. The difference in long-term erosion rates determined with RUSLE and 137Cs confirms the constant influence of snow-glide-induced erosion, since a large difference (lower proportion of water erosion compared to total net erosion) was observed for sites with high snow glide rates and vice versa. Moreover, the difference between RUSLE and 137Cs erosion rates was related to the measured snow glide distance (R2 = 0.64; p < 0.005) and to the snow deposition sediment yields (R2 = 0.39; p = 0.13). The SSGM reproduced the relative difference of the measured snow glide values under different land uses and land cover types. The resulting map highlighted the relevance of snow gliding for large parts of the investigated area. Based on these results, we conclude that snow gliding appears to be a crucial and non-negligible process impacting soil erosion patterns and magnitude in subalpine areas with similar topographic and climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Prioritization of Sub-Watersheds to Sediment Yield and Evaluation of Best Management Practices in Highland Ethiopia, Finchaa Catchment

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 650
Author(s):  
Wakjira Takala Dibaba ◽  
Tamene Adugna Demissie ◽  
Konrad Miegel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Soil And Water

Excessive soil loss and sediment yield in the highlands of Ethiopia are the primary factors that accelerate the decline of land productivity, water resources, operation and function of existing water infrastructure, as well as soil and water management practices. This study was conducted at Finchaa catchment in the Upper Blue Nile basin of Ethiopia to estimate the rate of soil erosion and sediment loss and prioritize the most sensitive sub-watersheds using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated using the observed streamflow and sediment data. The average annual sediment yield (SY) in Finchaa catchment for the period 1990–2015 was 36.47 ton ha−1 yr−1 with the annual yield varying from negligible to about 107.2 ton ha−1 yr−1. Five sub-basins which account for about 24.83% of the area were predicted to suffer severely from soil erosion risks, with SY in excess of 50 ton ha−1 yr−1. Only 15.05% of the area within the tolerable rate of loss (below 11 ton ha−1yr−1) was considered as the least prioritized areas for maintenance of crop production. Despite the reasonable reduction of sediment yields by the management scenarios, the reduction by contour farming, slope terracing, zero free grazing and reforestation were still above the tolerable soil loss. Vegetative contour strips and soil bund were significant in reducing SY below the tolerable soil loss, which is equivalent to 63.9% and 64.8% reduction, respectively. In general, effective and sustainable soil erosion management requires not only prioritizations of the erosion hotspots but also prioritizations of the most effective management practices. We believe that the results provided new and updated insights that enable a proactive approach to preserve the soil and reduce land degradation risks that could allow resource regeneration.

Runoff and sediment yield from snowmelt and rainfall as influenced by forage type and grazing intensity

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Gill ◽  
M. A. Naeth ◽  
D. S. Chanasyk ◽  
V. S. Baron
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Grazing Intensities ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Runoff And Sediment Yield

Currently, there is interest in Western Canada in extending the grazing season using perennial and annual forages. Of greatest concern is the environmental sustainability of these grazing systems, with emphasis on their ability to withstand erosion. A study to examine the runoff and sediment yields of annual and perennial forages in central Alberta was initiated in 1994. Runoff and sediment yield were quantified under snowmelt and rainfall events for two seasons. Rainfall simulation was used to further examine runoff under growing season conditions. Four forage treatments (two annuals: triticale and a barley/triticale mixture and two perennials: smooth bromegrass and meadow bromegrass) and three grazing intensities (light, medium and heavy) were studied, each replicated four times. Total annual runoff was dominated by snowmelt. Generally runoff volumes, sediment yields, sediment ratios and runoff coefficients were all low. Bare ground increased with increasing grazing intensity and was significantly greater in annuals than perennials for all grazing intensities. Litter biomass decreased with increasing grazing intensity and was generally similar in all species for both years at heavy and medium grazing intensities. Results from the rainfall simulation corroborated those under natural rainfall conditions and generally indicated the sustainability of these grazing systems at this site. Key words: Forages, soil erosion, sustainability, rainfall simulation

scholarly journals Climate, tectonics or morphology: what signals can we see in drainage basin sediment yields?

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Coulthard ◽  
M. J. Van de Wiel
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Internal Storage ◽  
Storage Effects ◽  
Climatic Drivers ◽  
Basin Morphology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Small Basin

Abstract. Sediment yields from river basins are typically considered to be controlled by tectonic and climatic drivers. However, climate and tectonics can operate simultaneously and the impact of autogenic processes scrambling or shredding these inputs can make it hard to unpick the role of these drivers from the sedimentary record. Thus an understanding of the relative dominance of climate, tectonics or other processes in the output of sediment from a basin is vital. Here, we use a numerical landscape evolution model (CAESAR) to specifically examine the relative impact of climate change, tectonic uplift (instantaneous and gradual) and basin morphology on sediment yield. Unexpectedly, this shows how the sediment signal from significant rates of uplift (10 m instant or 25 mm a−1) may be lost due to internal storage effects within even a small basin. However, the signal from modest increases in rainfall magnitude (10–20%) can be seen in increases in sediment yield. In addition, in larger basins, tectonic inputs can be significantly diluted by regular delivery from non-uplifted parts of the basin.

scholarly journals Water erosion vulnerability and sediment delivery rate in upper Iguaçu river basin – Paraná

RBRH ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 728-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus Fonseca Durães ◽  
José Alexandre Pinto Coelho Filho ◽  
Vinícius Augusto de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Delivery Rate ◽  
Sediment Delivery ◽  
Solid Discharge ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
Iguaçu River

ABSTRACT Soil erosion is one of the most striking environmental degradation processes, which its mapping and assessment is an important tool for management activities and natural resource management in river basins, allowing managers to implement policies and sustainable land use occupation. This work aimed to apply the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) in a GIS environment in the upper Iguaçu river basin, located at Paraná State, in order to assess the vulnerability to water erosion as well as the concentration of dissolved solids in suspension to estimate the solid discharge and sediment delivery rate, allowing the identification of more susceptible areas to water erosion. The results showed that over 23.52% of the upper Iguaçu river basin presented soil losses below 2.5 t ha–1 yr–1, meaning current low potential for erosion. Regarding the solid discharge, the basin has values ranging from low to very high, also leading to high values for sediment delivery rate. The identification of risk areas associated with accelerated erosion, carried out in this study provide important information for measures associated with the management, conservation and planning of land use in the basin, which is highly relevant for predicting development of various scenarios for the state Paraná for its hydroelectric potential.

scholarly journals Effect of natural rainfall on the migration characteristics of runoff and sediment on purple soil sloping cropland during different planting stages

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
Jiupai Ni ◽  
Chengsheng Ni ◽  
Sheng Wang ◽  
Deti Xie
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Purple Soil ◽  
Torrential Rain ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Sediment Loss ◽  
Rain Events

Abstract Due to the difficulty in monitoring subsurface runoff and sediment migration, their loss loads are still not clear and need further study. This study monitored water and soil loss occurring within experimental field plots for two calendar years under natural rainfall events. The sediment loss load was quantified by considering the corresponding water flow flux and its sediment concentration. The results showed that 60.04% of the runoff and 2.83% of the sediment were lost underground. The annual underground sediment loss reached up to 54.6 kg*ha−1*yr−1. A total of 69.68% of the runoff yield and 67.25% of the sediment yield were produced during the corn planting stage (CPS: March–July). Heavy rain and torrential rain events produced 94.45%, 65.46% of the annual runoff and 94.45%, 76.21% of the sediment yields during the corn-planting stage and summer fallow period (SFP: August–September). The rain frequency, rainfall, and rainfall duration of each planting stage significantly affected the resulting runoff and sediment yield. Measures aimed at the prevention and control of water-soil loss from purple soil sloping land should heavily focus on torrential rain and heavy rain events during the CPS and SFP. This paper aims to provide a practical reference for quantifying the water and soil loss from purple soil sloping cropland.

scholarly journals Impact of climate change on sediment yield in the Mekong River Basin: a case study of the Nam Ou Basin, Lao PDR

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 3339-3384
Author(s):  
B. Shrestha ◽  
M. S. Babel ◽  
S. Maskey ◽  
A. van Griensven ◽  
S. Uhlenbrook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Sediment Flux ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. This paper evaluates the impact of climate change on sediment yield in the Nam Ou Basin located in Northern Laos. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is used to assess future changes in sediment flux attributable to climate change. Future precipitation and temperature series are constructed through a delta change approach. As per the results, in general, temperature as well as precipitation show increasing trends in both scenarios, A2 and B2. However, monthly precipitation shows both increasing and decreasing trends. The simulation results exhibit that the wet and dry seasonal and annual stream discharges are likely to increase (by up to 15, 17 and 14% under scenario A2; and 11, 5 and 10% under scenario B2 respectively) in the future, which will lead to increased wet and dry seasonal and annual sediment yields (by up to 39, 28 and 36% under scenario A2; and 23, 12 and 22% under scenario B2 respectively). A higher discharge and more sediment flux are expected during the wet seasons, although the changes, percentage-wise, are observed to be higher during the dry months. In conclusion, the sediment yield from the Nam Ou Basin is likely to increase with climate change, which strongly suggests the need for basin-wide sediment management strategies in order to reduce the negative impact of this change.

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