scholarly journals The Indigenous Paleolithic Cultural Inheritance in the “Maritime Region of Southeastern Asia” During the Early Neolithization Around 10,000 Years Ago

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-85
Author(s):  
Chunming Wu
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Human History ◽  
Cultural Connotation ◽  
Border Community ◽  
Neolithic Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Maritime Region

AbstractThe “Maritime Region of Southeastern Asia” between the south coast of China and Southeast Asia was once an important cross-border community in the multicultural lineages of human history. During the Mesolithic age around ten thousand years ago and the era of synchronically global and tremendous cultural change in human prehistory, the indigenous cultural connotation in this region and its unique model of cultural evolution along with both inheritance, continuation, and innovation between the Paleolithic and Neolithic age, are of great significance in the cultural history of humankind and Asia–Pacific ethno-history.

Dating Climatic Episodes of the Holocene

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne M. Wendland ◽  
Reid A. Bryson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Climatic Impact ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Independent Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Discontinuities

Monitoring evidence indicates that the Holocene embraced a sequence of rather discrete climatic episodes. The transitions between these environmental episodes apparently were abrupt and globally synchronous. This paper reports on statistical analyses of radiocarbon dates associated with environmental change and cultural change.Over 800 14C dates associated with pollen maxima and minima, sea level maxima and minima, and top and bottom surfaces of peat beds were simultaneously analyzed to identify times of globally synchronous environmental discontinuities.Some 3700 14C dates associated with 155 cultural continua of the world were collectively analyzed to identify worldwide synchroneities in appearance and termination of the cultures.Significant globally synchronous discontinuities were identified in each independent analysis. The dates of environmental and cultural discontinuities are rather similar, particularly during the recent half of the Holocene. The fact that the cultural discontinuities mostly follow rather closely those of the paleobotanical record suggests that there has been a distinct climatic impact on the cultural history of man.

Ready, Willing, and Able to Divorce: An Economic and Cultural History of Divorce in Twentieth-Century Sweden

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Simonsson ◽  
Glenn Sandström
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Marital Dissolution ◽  
Divorce Rate ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

This study outlines a long history of divorce in Sweden, recognizing the importance of considering both economic and cultural factors in the analysis of marital dissolution. Following Ansley Coale, the authors examine how a framework of multiple theoretical constructs, in interaction, can be applied to the development toward mass divorce. Applying a long historical perspective, the authors argue that an analysis of gendered aspects of the interaction between culture and economics is crucial for the understanding of the rise of mass divorce. The empirical analysis finds support for a marked decrease in legal and cultural obstacles to divorce already during the first decades of the twentieth century. However, economic structures remained a severe obstacle that prohibited significant increases in divorce rate prior to World War II. It was only during the 1940s and 1960s, when cultural change was complemented by marked decreases in economic interdependence between spouses, that the divorce rate exhibited significant increases. The authors find that there are advantages to looking at the development of divorce as a history in which multiple empirical factors are examined in conjunction, recognizing that these factors played different roles during different time periods.

scholarly journals Superdiversiteit en culturele mobiliteit in Europees hoger onderwijs: een casestudie in culturele geschiedenis

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (5 Zeszyt specjalny) ◽  
pp. 187-202
Author(s):  
Ludo Beheydt
Keyword(s):  
Learning Styles ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Course Content ◽  
The Arts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Persistence ◽  
Cultural Mobility

The present article shows how the changing societal context in Europe is imposing a reshaping of the internationalisation of higher education. It argues that internationalisation has mainly focused on intensifying the mobility of students and staff, but has neglected the drastic change in European society brought about by “super-diversity” (Vertovec, “Super-diversity” and Super-diversity), that “diversification of diversity” which, over a couple of decades, has transformed the population of Europe into a highly complex mixture of people from different places, with different languages, religions and cultures. The consequence of this sudden change is that there is now an urgent need to “move beyond mobility” and to reshape internationalisation through “cultural mobility” (Greenblatt) in course content and learning styles. The second part of this article elaborates on a proposal for concrete course content in line with Greenblatt’s manifest to modify conventional ways of thinking about mobility. Taking account of “cultural mobility”, the proposed course in the Cultural History of the Arts tries to create a balance between cultural persistence and cultural change by introducing international content and interculturalism. The case study thereby highlights possible directions for future internationalised course development.

scholarly journals The Great Battle of the Books between the Cultural Evolutionists and the Cultural Relativists: From the Beginning of Infinity to the End of History

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-30
Author(s):  
Kevin Fernlund ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Human History ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
End Of History ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Francis Fukuyama ◽  
History Of ◽  
The End Of History

The idea that societies or cultures can evolve and, therefore, can be compared and graded has been central to modern history, in general, and to big history, in particular, which seeks to unite natural and human history; biology and culture. However, while extremely useful, this notion is not without significant moral and ethical challenges, which has been noted by scholars. This article is a short intellectual history of the idea of cultural evolution and its critics, the cultural relativists, from the Age of the Enlightenment, what David Deutsch called the “beginning of infinity,” to the neo-Hegelianism of Francis Fukuyama. The emphasis here is on Europe and the Americas and the argument is that the universal evolutionism of the Enlightenment ultimately prevailed over historical partic-ularism, as global disparities in social development, which were once profound, narrowed or even disappeared altogether.

Ideology, Chiefly Power, and Material Culture: An Example from the Greater Antilles

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Antonio Curet
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Greater Antilles ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean

AbstractTemporal changes in material culture normally have been used by archaeologists to reconstruct the cultural history of an area or site. In the case of the Caribbean, shifts in artifactual style have been used to trace prehistoric migrations and interactions between different cultural groups. Unfortunately, there have been few attempts to explain these changes in terms of the social structures of these cultures. This paper reviews the archaeological evidence for cultural change in eastern Puerto Rico and proposes a model to explain it. Basically, the model suggests that changes in material culture in Puerto Rican prehistory are related to the development of social complexity. Shifts in decoration and types of artifacts are seen as an attempt by elite groups to have greater control over the symbolism represented in the artifacts in order to acquire and maintain their power. These changes are not abrupt, but gradual, as social organization evolves from simple to more complex chiefdoms.

Fighting Visibility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer McClearen
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Women Of Color ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Cautionary Tale ◽  
Sports Media ◽  
Labor Practices ◽  
Brand Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender

Over the first twenty years of the Ultimate Fighting Championship’s (UFC) history, the mixed-martial arts (MMA) promotion adamantly excluded female athletes and upheld sports media’s time-honored tradition of ignoring and undervaluing sportswomen. Yet, in the early 2010s, Ronda Rousey burst onto the MMA stage and convinced the UFC to include women, which ushered in a new fervor for female athletes in a male-dominated cultural milieu. The popularity of women in the UFC might suggest that female athletes in combat sports are breaking the barriers of a notoriously stubborn glass ceiling. However, as the first academic book analyzing the UFC as a sports media brand, Fighting Visibility urges advocates of women’s sports to consider the limits of representation for cultural change and urges caution against the celebratory discourse of women’s inclusion. Part cultural history of the UFC as a media juggernaut and part cautionary tale for the future of women as sports laborers, Fighting Visibility argues that the UFC’s promotion of diverse female athletes actually serves as a seductive mirage of progress that enables the brand’s exploitative labor practices. The UFC’s labor model disproportionately taxes female athletes, particularly women of color and gender nonnormative women, despite also promoting them at unprecedented levels. Fighting Visibility complicates a prevalent notion among sports scholars, activists, and fans that the increased visibility of female athletes will lead to greater equity in sports media and instead urges us to question who ultimately benefits from that visibility in neoliberal brand culture.

scholarly journals On the Social and Cultural History of the Moriscos

1986 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-156
Author(s):  
Fadel Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Hostile Environment ◽  
Passive Resistance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Muslim Minority ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Islamic Values ◽  
Insight Into

Following the reconquest of Granada in 1492, the Muslim minority in Spain,known demgatorily as Moriscos, were subjected to harsh measures in the formof edicts and restrictions. Forced to live in a hostile environment, which happenedto be their homeland, they developed their own attitude, accompaniedby passive resistance and sporadic revolt. This attitude was expressed in anextensive, clandestine and mostly anonymous literature known as the Aljamiadoliterature, which was for the most part written in the Romance in Arabic script.Although the Moriscos preserved a sentimental attachment to Arabic as theirown language, they were no longer able to use it. This literature was, for themost part, inspired by Arabic models that not only expressed defiance towardsthe oppressor, but also reiterated Islamic values. Written mostly during theXV and XVI centuries, the Aljamiado literature is significant for the studyof cultural change, offering valuable data for the historian, religious scholar,sociologist, anthropologist, philologist, belle - lettrist, and civil and humanrights advocate, who would gain insight into the fate of a deprived andpersecuted minority living in a hostile environment.The work under review is intended according to its author “to survey andanalyze the selfexpression of the Moriscos as contained in their own literature;it also assesses the status of a minority struggling for survival, with referenceto ideological conflict, the clash of religions and cultures, and differing mutualperceptions.” Although the work is intended to be a general “cultural and socialhistory,” as the sub-title indicates, it is in many ways a study of the mentulitaeof a group of people who were forced to live on the defensive in their bidfor survival ...

scholarly journals Strong Fuzzy EHLFS: A General Conceptual Framework to Address Past Records of Environmental, Ecological and Cultural Change

Quaternary ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentí Rull
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Inference Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Strong Inference ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Working Hypotheses ◽  
Human Landscape

Although the interpretation of Quaternary records of interrelated environmental–ecological–human processes is necessarily complex, it is often addressed using too-simple deterministic approaches. This paper suggests a holistic framework called EHLFS (Environmental–Human–Landscape Feedbacks and Synergies) to tackle Quaternary complexity. The EHLFS scheme is a multiple-working-hypotheses framework, able to account for the particular nature of Quaternary research, and is used in combination with the strong inference method of hypothesis testing. The resulting system is called the strong fuzzy EHLFS approach. This approach is explained in some detail and compared with the more extended simplistic determinisms—namely the environmental determinism and the human determinism—as well as with dual determinisms or deterministic approaches based on two contrasting and apparently contradictory and excluding hypotheses or theories. The application of the strong EHLFS methodology is illustrated using the Late Holocene ecological and cultural history of Easter Island since its initial human settlement, a topic that has traditionally been addressed using simplistic and dual deterministic approaches. The strong fuzzy EHLFS approach seems to be a robust framework to address past complex issues where environment, humans and landscape interact, as well as an open system able to encompass new challenging evidence and thorough changes in fundamental research questions.

scholarly journals The Evolutionary Dynamics of Cultural Change (As Told Through the Birth and Brutal, Blackened Death of Metal Music)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Koch ◽  
Daniele Silvestro ◽  
Jacob G. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Diversification Rates ◽  
Cultural Form ◽  
Metal Music ◽  
Complete Dataset ◽  
History Of

How does culture change? We unify disconnected explanations of change that focus either on individuals or on public culture under a theory of cultural evolution. By shifting our analytical lens from actors to public cultural ideas and object, our theory can explain change in cultural forms over large and long frames of analysis using formal evolutionary mechanisms. Complementing this theory, the paper introduces a suite of novel methods to explain change in the historical trajectories of populations of cultural ideas/objects (e.g., music groups, hashtags, laws, technologies, and organizations) through diversification rates. We deploy our theory and methods to study the history of Metal Music over more than three decades, using a complete dataset of all bands active between 1968 and 2000. Over the course of its history, we find strong evidence that the genre has been fundamentally shaped by competition between ideas for the cognitive resources actors can invest in learning about and reproducing this cultural form over time. Extensive tutorials for the methods are available at http://www.dysoc.org/cesmodules/diversification_module/tutorials.

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