scholarly journals Consolidating and Contesting Authoritarian Neoliberalism in Turkey: Towards a Framework

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-59
Author(s):  
İmren Borsuk ◽  
Pınar Dinç ◽  
Sinem Kavak ◽  
Pınar Sayan
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
Neoliberal Reforms ◽  
Network Building ◽  
Neoliberal Policies

AbstractDuring the early years of the ruling Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (Justice and Development Party, AKP), Turkey was seen as a burgeoning democratic power propped up by economic prosperity in line with the reforms for European Union (EU) accession and International Monetary Fund (IMF) conditionality. However, 20 years later, it is considered an emblematic case of democratic backsliding in line with rising poverty and inequalities that have been amplified as a result of sweeping neoliberal reforms and authoritarian consolidation in the country. The recent literature has identified these concomitant and complementary modes of authoritarian governance and neoliberal policies in Turkey as ‘authoritarian neoliberalism’. In this chapter, we discuss the dynamics of consolidation of authoritarian neoliberalism in Turkey as well as the acts of contention against it. Building mainly on the eight case studies presented in this volume, we put forward a framework that explains the consolidation of authoritarian neoliberalism in Turkey through the mechanisms of executive centralisation, autocratic legalism, cronyism, violence-fuelled rentier accumulation, criminalisation and stigmatisation, and contestations against authoritarian neoliberalism through strikes, protests, demonstrations, network building, litigation, everyday struggles, and armed acts of contention.

scholarly journals Krisis Kapitalisme 2008 dan Bangkitnya Gerakan Kiri Studi Dinamika Gerakan Partai Syriza di Yunani

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Arif Novianto ◽  
Lukman Kurniawan ◽  
Samodra Wibawa
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Political Dynamics ◽  
Neoliberal Reforms ◽  
Alternative System ◽  
New Democracy

The economic crisis which hit Greece was in 2008 helped to flow into a political crisis. The old political oligarchy that since 1974 up to 2010 alternately dominate the Greece that is PASOK party and the New Democracy party suffered shocks that lead to new political dynamics. Austerity policies and neoliberal reforms under the moderation of the troika (Europaen Central Bank, European Union, and International Monetary Fund) have created a decrease in the level of welfare and the economic crisis are instead growing. That situation creates a distrust of the Greek people, until they are searching for an alternative system other than capitalism. At that time the idea of socialism promoted by Syriza party has been able to to gain influence in the mass base, to deliver Syriza-led government with 36.3 percent of voters in Election 2015. This paper attempts to elaborate on the strategies used by the Syriza party and also weaknesses in the startegy

Baltic States in the European Union

2006 ◽  
pp. 118-132
Author(s):  
R. Simonyan
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The Baltic

The article analyzes social and economic changes, which have occurred in the Baltic states after their EU accession. It reveals new tendencies in the development of this new region of the united Europe that plays a significant geostrategic role for Russia.

Dramatis Institutiones

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Randall Henning
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
European Central Bank ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Central ◽  
Regime Complex ◽  
Basic Facts ◽  
Institutional Conflict

The regime complex for crisis finance in the euro area included the European Council, Council of the European Union, and Eurogroup in addition to the three institutions of the troika. As the member states acted largely, though not exclusively, through the council system, these bodies stood at the center of the institutional mix. This chapter reviews the institutions as a prelude to examining the dilemmas that confronted them over the course of the crises. It presents a brief review of some of the basic facts about their origins, membership, and organization. Each section then delves more deeply into these institutions’ governance and principles to understand their capabilities and strategic challenges. As a consequence of different mandates and design, the European Commission, European Central Bank, and International Monetary Fund diverged with respect to their approach to financing, adjustment, conditionality, and debt sustainability. This divergence set the stage for institutional conflict in the country programs.

scholarly journals A neutral core of degressively proportional allocations under lexicographic preferences of agents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Cegiełka ◽  
Piotr Dniestrzański ◽  
Janusz Łyko ◽  
Arkadiusz Maciuk ◽  
Maciej Szczeciński
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Lexicographic Preferences ◽  
Degree Of Acceptance ◽  
Feasible Solutions

AbstractOne of the main problems of practical applications of degressively proportional allocations of goods and burdens is lack of uniqueness of this principle. Even under given boundary conditions of allocation, i.e. determined minimal and maximal amounts of a good that can be assigned in a given allocation, there are usually many feasible solutions. The lack of formal rules of allocation is the reason why the allocation is typically a result of negotiations among its agents. A number of allocations favor some of agents or their groups, therefore other agents cannot accept them. The aim of this paper is to indicate a way of reducing the set of all feasible solutions exclusively to those that are neutral to all agents. As a result of the term of lexicographic preference of allocation agents defined on the basis of the relation theory followed by a numerical analysis of sets of all feasible solutions, it is possible to determine a core of this set in the form of a subset of all feasible solutions that are acceptable by all agents. In addition, this subset can be further divided into smaller subsets with regard to the degree of acceptance of their elements. Theoretical analysis is complemented by case studies, one of which is application of this idea to the allocation of seats in the European Parliament among the member states of the European Union.

Wall paintings – diagnostic and archaeometric studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Bracci ◽  
Giovanni Bartolozzi
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Wall Painting ◽  
Wall Paintings

Abstract The paper deals with the techniques and protocols used for studying wall paintings. A brief introduction about the more recent literature dealing with archaeometric and diagnostic analyses of wall paintings is reported. After that, the illustration of three case studies, spanning from Roman to contemporary wall painting are described.

scholarly journals Economic Integration, Legitimacy and European Union Enlargement

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-195
Author(s):  
Andreas P. Kyriacou
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Level Playing Field ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
New Members ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
European Union Enlargement ◽  
Eu Membership

Abstract The enlargement of the European Union generates socio-economic costs and benefits for the citizens of new members and as such it is bound to affect their perceived legitimacy of the whole enterprise. The legitimacy of EU accession is likely to be enhanced by the inclusion of compensatory transfers and transition periods in the terms of accession, by the perception that EU membership represents the most favorable terms of exchange available and by the linking of accession to a sustained period of economic growth, a favorable movement in prices, improving relative incomes and the consolidation of a level playing field across new members.

Transformations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Wernke
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Indigenous Languages ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Burial Practices ◽  
Sacred Landscapes ◽  
The Andes ◽  
The People ◽  
The Face

Spanish rule in the Andes claimed legitimacy based on the missionary project to convert indigenous peoples to Christianity. This chapter details the early years of Catholic evangelization, when priests began to learn indigenous languages and to explain religious concepts in terms familiar to Inca and other Andean religious practices. In the face of indigenous heterodoxy and resistance, the missionary project took more intrusive forms, intervening in indigenous settlement and burial practices. Recent archaeological and ethnohistoric advances offer case studies for understanding religious actions to turn the people of the Inca world away from their pre-contact sacred landscapes and community rituals.

Lebanon’s October 2019 Uprising

2021 ◽  
pp. 436-445
Author(s):  
Karim Makdisi
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
The State ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Neoliberal Reforms ◽  
Ponzi Scheme ◽  
Neoliberal Policies ◽  
One Year ◽  
External Intervention

This essay frames Lebanon’s October 2019 uprising as triggered by the government’s announcement of a series of regressive taxes. After fifteen years of civil war (1975–90) and three decades of postwar neoliberal policies, people rose up against a kleptocratic ruling class of sectarian leaders and financiers that had captured and bankrupted the state through a nationwide Ponzi scheme. The essay charts the uprising’s demise amid protestor division, mass poverty and unemployment, galloping inflation, palpable insecurity, COVID-19 lockdowns, and external intervention. Hizbullah became the elephant in the room, with sectarian tension and some protestor resentment stoked by Trump’s US “maximum pressure” policies. A massive blast in Beirut’s port prompted French President “Papa” Macron to personally unveil a stabilization plan through IMF neoliberal reforms, a carrot to Trump’s stick. The essay concludes that, one year on, Macron’s neoliberal plan is the only game in town, and protestors need to urgently remobilize for the struggles ahead.

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